Parnassius charltonius, the regal Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in India. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). This handsome butterfly is found at altitudes from 9,000 to 13,000 feet (2,700 to 4,000 m) from Chitral to Kumaon.
Upperside: creamy-white. Forewing irrorated (speckled) with black scales at base, along costal margin narrowly and below the upper half of cell at base of interspaces 2 and 3; cell with the usual medial and apical short broad transverse black bars; a short broad, similar, but obliquely placed bar beyond apex of cell from costa to vein 4, its lower portion below vein 5 narrower and bent inwards at an angle; a postdiscal transverse black bar attenuated towards the dorsum and dislocated inwards below vein 5; followed by a broad, posteriorly narrowed, subhyaline (almost glass-like) terminal edging; cilia white. Hindwing: base and dorsal margin, for four-fifths of its length, broadly and densely irrorated with black scales; a short oblique pretornal dusky-black bar, rarely centred with pink or carmine; a very large pink to deep crimson ocellus, ringed with black and centred with white, in interspaces 4 and 5, crossing vein 5, and a much smaller black spot sometimes centred minutely with pink or crimson in middle of interspace 7; beyond this a postdiscal curved series of five velvety-black spots, each touched inwardly with silvery, superposed on a broad subhyaline dusky transverse band, which is broadest in the middle and is followed by a subterminal, somewhat narrow, dusky-black band, interrupted at the veins; cilia white. Underside similar, with a glassy appearance and similar markings, seen chiefly, however, by transparency from the upperside. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen black, antenna with some few minute white specks; beneath: head and thorax anteriorly with olivaceous pubescence, thorax posteriorly and abdomen covered with long white hairs, which also clothe the dorsal margin of the hindwing.
Upper and undersides similar to those in the male; differs in the black markings which are broader, the red ocelli on the hindwing that are considerably larger, and in the obliquely placed pretornal short bar that is always centred with red.[1]
Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, northern Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan and parts of Azad Kashmir), northern India (Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), Tibet and other parts of China.
Not known to be threatened as a species. The butterfly is considered to be common in Kashmir and is not rare in India. The nominate subspecies is protected by law in India.[2]
Parnassius charltonius, the regal Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in India. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). This handsome butterfly is found at altitudes from 9,000 to 13,000 feet (2,700 to 4,000 m) from Chitral to Kumaon.
Parnassius charltonius est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères de la famille des Papilionidae, de la sous-famille des Parnassiinae et du genre Parnassius.
Parnassius charltonius a été décrit par George Robert Gray en 1853[1].
Parnassius charltonius se nomme Regal Apollo en anglais[1].
Parnassius charltonius est un papillon blanc marqué de beige avec aux ailes postérieures une ligne submarginale d'ocelles surmontée d'une bande de marques de couleur rouge.
Parnassius charltonius a un cycle bisannuel[2].
Parnassius charltonius vole de mi-juillet à septembre[2].
Les plantes hôtes sont des Corydalis, herbacées annuelles ou vivaces de la famille des Fumariacées, Corydalis gortschakovi et Corydalis stricta[1].
Parnassius charltonius est présent en Afghanistan, au Tadjikistan, au Pakistan, dans le Nord de l'Inde, au Tibet et en Chine[1],[2].
Parnassius charltonius réside en montagne entre 3 400 m et 4 200 m[2].
Seule la forme nominale est protégée en Inde.
Parnassius charltonius est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères de la famille des Papilionidae, de la sous-famille des Parnassiinae et du genre Parnassius.
Kailasius charltonius is een vlinder uit de familie van de pages (Papilionidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1852 door Gray.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Parnassius charltonius – gatunek motyla z rodziny paziowatych (Papilionidae). Spotykany jest na wysokościach od 2700 do 3900 m n.p.m.
Zasięg występowania obejmuje Afganistan, Kirgistan, wschodni Uzbekistan, Tadżykistan, Pakistan, północne Indie (Dżammu i Kaszmir, Himachal Pradesh i Uttarakhand), Tybet i Chiny. Podgatunek nominatywny objęty jest w Indiach ochroną prawną[1].
Parnassius charltonius – gatunek motyla z rodziny paziowatych (Papilionidae). Spotykany jest na wysokościach od 2700 do 3900 m n.p.m.
Zasięg występowania obejmuje Afganistan, Kirgistan, wschodni Uzbekistan, Tadżykistan, Pakistan, północne Indie (Dżammu i Kaszmir, Himachal Pradesh i Uttarakhand), Tybet i Chiny. Podgatunek nominatywny objęty jest w Indiach ochroną prawną.
Описанные формы и подвиды[4]:
Описанные формы и подвиды:
Parnassius charltonius subsp. aenigma Dubatolov et Milko, 2003 Parnassius charltonius subsp. amabilis Bryk & Eisner, 1932 Parnassius charltonius subsp.anjuta Ju Ju Stshetkin & Kaabak, 1985 Parnassius charltonius subsp. basharianus Eisner, 1969 Parnassius charltonius var. bryki Haude, 1912 Parnassius charltonius var. chrysopicta Bryk, 1932 Parnassius charltonius subsp. corporaali Bryk, 1935 Parnassius charltonius subsp. deckerti Verity, 1879 Parnassius charltonius var. ducalis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912 Parnassius charltonius subsp. eisnerianus Bryk, 1931 Parnassius charltonius subsp. ella Bryk, 1932 Parnassius charltonius subsp. flaugeri Eisner, 1978 Parnassius charltonius subsp. gehleni Eisner, 1932 Parnassius charltonius subsp. kabiri Eisner & Naumann, 1980 Parnassius charltonius subsp. kathae-Ruthae, Bryk, 1927 Parnassius charltonius subsp. mistericus Kaabak & LV Sotshivko & A V Titov, 1996 Parnassius charltonius subsp. naimus Eisner & Naumann, 1980 Parnassius charltonius subsp. nuristanus Eisner & Naumann, 1980 Parnassius charltonius subsp. otto Bryk & Eisner, 1932 Parnassius charltonius subsp. robertjan Eisner, 1959 Parnassius charltonius subsp. romanovi Grumm-Grshimaïlo, 1885 Parnassius charltonius subsp. sakai Eisner, 1978 Parnassius charltonius subsp. serenissimus Bryk, 1932 Parnassius charltonius var. princeps Honrath, 1888 Parnassius charltonius subsp. vaporosus Avinov, 1913 Parnassius charltonius subsp. voigti Bang-Haas, 1927 Parnassius charltonius subsp. wernickei Kotzsch, 1936
