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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 13.2 years (captivity)
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Без наслов ( англиски )

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Common names for Lagorchestes hirsutus include rufous hare-wallaby, mala, western hare-wallaby, and spinifex rat. Prior to the 1930’s this was one of the most abundant and wide spread macropodids in Australia. Now it is one of the rarest and most limited in its distribution.

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Behavior ( англиски )

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Rufous hare-wallabies primarily use body language and vocalizations to communicate with each other. They are generally non-aggressive and avoid confrontation. Two females will often sniff each other then leave, a male may mark his territory by spraying a tree with urine, alarmed wallabies will give a loud squeak and then hiss as they run for cover. Even though they are nocturnal, they can still use posture and movements for visual communication, especially during female and male interaction.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Conservation Status ( англиски )

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Small yearly fires by aborigines promoted regeneration of plants fed upon by hare wallabies and created a patchwork of habitats for them to live in. The absence of these fires causes a build up of brush, which feeds uncontrollable summer bush fires. Livestock grazing, competition with introduced rabbits, predation by exotic feral cats and red foxes, and loss of habitat due to fragmentation and clearing has decimated rufous hare-wallaby populations on the mainland. Island populations are relatively stable, but susceptible to catastrophic events and population fluctuations.

Rufous hare-wallabies are classified as vulnerable by the IUCN, listed in Appendix 1 of CITES, and endangered in Endangered Species Protection Act. Conservation measures are being taken to maintain current wild populations and to breed the ones in captivity. The Mala Recovery Plan was designed to maintain the status of island populations and to improve the status of the mainland population to vulnerable within 10 years. It also hopes to maintain existing captive populations, create three self-sustaining wild populations on the mainland with predator control, or make them predator free, secure island populations with appropriate management techniques, raise public awareness and support for the plight of this species, clarify taxonomy, and develop effective management and translocation prescriptions.

US Federal List: endangered

CITES: appendix i

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Benefits ( англиски )

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There are no known adverse effects of Lagorchestes hirsutus on humans.

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Benefits ( англиски )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus were once so abundant that they were an important food source for aboriginal people in Australia. Current populations are too low to sustain any type of harvest.

Positive Impacts: food

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Associations ( англиски )

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Rufous hare-wallabies are herbivores, feeding on a wide variety of plant species, and may play a role in altering the distribution and abundance of such species by grazing, browsing, and digging burrows. There is competition between hare wallabies and introduced rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) because of similar size, metabolic requirements, and overlaps in habitat and diet. Diet overlap and competition is highest when conditions are poorest. Rufous hare-wallabies are also prey to co-occurring carnivores, such as dingos, red foxes, and domestic cats.

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Trophic Strategy ( англиски )

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Rufous hare-wallabies are granivorous and herbivorous. They eat mainly seeds, fruits, grasses, sedges, and succulent shrubs and herbs. They alter their feeding habits and diet in response to changes in their environment, primarily seasonal changes in rainfall.

Monocots are their staple diet (44 to 65%), along with seeds and succulent fruits when they are available. Rufous hare-wallabies prefer the stems and leaves of perennial grasses such as Eragrostis falcata, E. speciosa and Aristida browniana, and the seeds from T. pungens, E. falcata, and Aristida holathera. The plant material of T. pungens was avoided unless conditions were very poor. Leaves and stems from sedges like Cyperus conicus, C. bulbosus, C. concinnus, Fimbristylis caespitosa, and Bulbostylis species were a less favored alternative, comprising 15 to 32% of the diet.

Dicots, hardy perennials, and occasional insects are chosen in drier, poorer conditions. The plant material of Goodenia virgata, Neobassia astrocarpa, and Stackhousia intermedia, and the seeds and fruit of Cassytha filiformis were extensively used as a secondary diet. They are flexible enough to utilize the nectar rich flowers of Grevillea juncifolia if necessary.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; nectar

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Granivore )

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Distribution ( англиски )

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Rufous hare-wallabies historically had a widespread distribution throughout the arid and semi-arid parts of western Australia and southern Northern Territory until the 1930’s. Currently, they are only found on the islands of Dorre and Bernier in Shark Bay off the coast of Western Australia. They occur throughout each island, but are more abundant in the southern ends of both. A few small populations exist on the mainland in captive settings and in experimental reintroduction sites in the Tanami Desert and southern Shark Bay. Small wild populations did exist in the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory; however, bush fires and introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) predation wiped them out in the 1990’s.

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Life Expectancy ( англиски )

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There is little known about lifespan in rufous hare-wallabies.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
13.2 years.

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Habitat ( англиски )

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Mainland habitats for rufous hare-wallabies were primarily in the Tanami Desert, which has a warm, dry monsoonal climate and is semi-arid. Drought is a common feature which makes rainfall the main factor in primary productivity. In comparison, current island habitats have a warm, dry Mediterranean climate.

Rufous hare-wallabies required mosaics of burnt and unburnt patches of spinifex grassland to survive in the Tanami Desert. The dominant species are mature Triodia pungens and Plectrachne schinzii. The various stages of fire succession, and the ecotones they created, provided adequate shelter and food supply. Patchiness, degree of senescence, diversity of food and vegetation, hummock size, and habitat structure were important factors influencing suitable and unsuitable areas. The degree of connectivity and accessibility of each of these aspects was important as well.

Bernier and Dorre islands have four main types of habitat: sand plain (Triodia species) grasslands, sand plain heath, consolidated dunes, unconsolidated dune/beach, and travertine heath. Rufous hare-wallabies occur throughout these habitats, but favor consolidated dunes, beaches, and both heath habitats. They shelter in scrapes, often under Triodia plurinervata or Thryptomene micrantha, or in single opening burrows. They will run out and escape in a zig zag pattern if flushed.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Morphology ( англиски )

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The name Lagorchestes means “dancing hare.” Hare-wallabies do resemble hares in appearance and behavior. However, like all wallabies, they have larger hind legs than hares, a thinner, hunched body, smaller forelimbs, and a long, thin tail. They are both quadripedal and bipedal, hopping on strong hind legs or maneuvering on all fours. Their fur is long, soft, and thick. Their ventrum and hindquarters are a sandy, buff color while the back and head are grey-rufous. They have long pointed ears, large black eyes, short whiskers, and darker colored paws. The species name hirsutus refers to the fact that their fur gets longer towards their back, giving them a shaggy appearance.

Males and females are identical in color, with females generally being larger in size. Females range from 0.78 to 1.9 kg while males range from 1.24 to 1.8 kg. The length from tip of nose to base of tail for females is 36 to 39 cm, and tail length is 24 to 30.5 cm. Male head/body length is 31 to 36 cm, and tail length is 26 to 27 cm. They both stand roughly 30 cm high.

There are four recognized sub-species, L. h. bernieri, L. h. dorreae, L. h. hirsutus, and an unnamed subspecies. Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri is the Bernier Island sub-species, it has noticeably paler fur and shorter ears. Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae is the Dorre Island sub-species, its fur is far redder than the mainland species and its skull is narrower between the orbits. Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus is extinct, and the unnamed subspecies is extinct in the wild and critically endangered.

Range mass: 0.78 to 1.9 kg.

Range length: 31 to 39 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Associations ( англиски )

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The sandy buff and grey-rufous pelt colorations of rufous hare-wallabies allows them to blend in well with their arid, desert like climates. Short burrows, with an average length of 105 m and depth of 30 m, are dug for protection from heat and predators during the day. They also shelter in small scrapes hidden by spinifex clumps or other bushes. The major threat to Lagorchestes hirsutus comes from feral cats and introduced red foxes. Dingos (Canis familiaris dingo) prey on these wallabies, but to a lesser extent.

Known Predators:

  • red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
  • feral cats (Felis silvestris)
  • dingos (Canis familiaris dingo)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Reproduction ( англиски )

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Rufous hare-wallabies are solitary creatures. When they meet, a male will sexually inspect a female. If she is unresponsive, she will move away or kick. Responsive females will lay prone and accept mating. In the wild, males may guard their mates, and often times a single ovulating female will attract many males, giving rise to a mating chase. In captivity, lack of additional males in the pen and limited space remove the necessity for mate defense. Future research needs to be done on effectiveness of mate guarding and length of female receptivity in the wild.

Mating System: polygynous

Like other macropodids, rufous hare-wallabies exhibit embryonic diapause. This allows the female to decrease the interval between litters if conditions are favorable and food is plentiful, or put an embryo on hold, or even abort, if a drought occurs. This is exceedingly important in the unstable environments most hare-wallabies live in. There is no evidence that lactating female wallabies occupy different habitats while pregnant so they are just as susceptible to changes in food availability and nutritional content.

Rufous hare-wallabies are receptive at, or slightly before, the time when they wean their young in the pouch. This, combined with their relatively short gestation and shortened pouch-life (124 days), allows them to have up to three offspring per year. They are monovular and polyestrous.

Time to weaning is 5 months and females can be sexually mature anywhere from 5 to 23 months old. Males are sexually mature at 14 to 20 months.

Breeding interval: In captivity, rufous hare-wallabies breed continuously throughout the year.

Breeding season: Rufous hare-wallabies in captive settings have no set breeding season- they breed year round. In the wild however, most successful births coincide with months of heavy rainfall, when more high quality food is available.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average weaning age: 124 days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 5 to 23 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 14 to 20 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; embryonic diapause

Average number of offspring: 1.

Females care for, feed, and protect the young. Once weaned, mothers and other mature adults often act aggressively towards juveniles. This causes the juvenile to disperse, decreasing the chances of inbreeding and reducing local competition for scarce resources.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Adkins, J. 2007. "Lagorchestes hirsutus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagorchestes_hirsutus.html
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Biology ( англиски )

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The rufous hare wallaby is a solitary and nocturnal animal (5). It has a stomach that is well adapted to a high plant-fibre diet and so is able to feed on seedheads, young sedges, grass leaves, herbs and shrubs, favouring vegetation that is regenerating after a fire (4).
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Conservation ( англиски )

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Now classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List (1), and listed on Appendix I of the Convention for International Trade of Endangered species (CITES) (3), conservation measures are being taken to protect the remaining wild populations and to breed more in captivity. In Australia the Mala Recovery Plan has been developed to maintain existing captive populations and secure island populations (6). It also aims to establish 3 new self-sustaining populations on the mainland in predator-free or predator-controlled sites within 5 years, and increase public awareness of the rufous hare wallaby by involving community groups (6). It is hoped that these measures will be successful in stabilising and re-building the rufous hare wallaby numbers (4).
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Description ( англиски )

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The rufous hare wallaby's genus name, Lagorchestes, means 'dancing hare' and to some extent these wallabies do resemble hares in their size, appearance, movement and habits (4). However, like all wallabies, they have much larger hind legs than hares, and considerably smaller forelimbs, a long thin tail and a narrower hunched upper body (5). This marsupial does move around on all fours, but if it needs to move quickly it raises itself onto its muscular back legs and hops. Its thick fur is brown to grey in colour, with darker paws, feet and tail, and a lighter front. The rufous wallaby has large beady black eyes, fairly large pointed ears and a small naked nose with short whiskers (4).
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Habitat ( англиски )

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This shy marsupial inhabits arid and semi-arid environments, particularly grasslands of the sand plain and sand dune deserts (2). Studies have shown that the rufous hare wallaby is fairly mobile, but is largely absent from large areas of old spinifex grassland, preferring mosaics of un-burnt areas and habitats that are regenerating after fires. The island populations occur in hummock grasslands and sand plain heath (4).
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Range ( англиски )

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In the 19th Century this species occured across 25% of Australia, but by 1990 there was only one small mainland area where they could be found, and this population comprised of only 30 individuals (5). Sadly, this whole population was wiped out by a bush fire in the 1990s. At present, this species is only found on Bernier Island and Dorre Island off the coast of western Australia, and on the mainland in two experimental reintroduction sites (5).
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Status ( англиски )

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Classified as Vulnerable (VU – D2) on the IUCN Red List 2002 (1) and listed on Appendix I of CITES (3).
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Threats ( англиски )

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The tale behind the decline of the rufous hare wallaby is an interesting one as it dates back to the colonisation of Australia (2). The aborigine people of Australia used to set fire to the scrubland every year in order to clear areas for hunting in the winter months (4). This produced a patchwork of vegetation in different stages of regeneration which not only provided food for the rufous hare wallaby but also prevented the build-up of brush, a grass that fuels summer bush fires (4). After the aborigines were removed from these areas by the British, the wallabies' numbers began to drop. Without winter fires there were fewer regenerating plants and less food available long-term (2). Instead, uncontrolled summer fires raged, causing widespread damage and killing large numbers of animals, including rufous hare wallabies (4). This caused severely reduced populations which have never been able to recover. More recently, these animals have suffered from other threats including the clearing and fragmentation of habitat in southwestern Australia, predation by introduced cats and foxes as well as competition from introduced rabbits (4).
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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( азерски )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus (lat. Lagorchestes hirsutus) - vallabi-dovşan cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

Mənbə

Xarici keçidlər

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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( азерски )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus (lat. Lagorchestes hirsutus) - vallabi-dovşan cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

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Wallabi-gad ar c'hornôg ( бретонски )

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Wallabi-gad ar c'hornôg (Lagorchestes hirsutus) zo ur bronneg godellek a vev en Aostralia.

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Ualabi llebre occidental ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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El ualabi llebre occidental (Lagorchestes hirsutus), conegut també com a mala, és un petit macropòdid d'Austràlia. Antigament tenia una àmplia distribució a la meitat occidental del continent australià, però actualment està confinat a les illes de Bernier Island i Dorre Island de la costa d'Austràlia Occidental.[1] Actualment se'l classifica com a espècie vulnerable.[2]

Referències

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  1. Menkhorst, Peter. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 108.
  2. Richards, J.; Morris, K.; Friend, T.; Burbidge, A.. Lagorchestes hirsutus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 28 desembre 2008.


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Ualabi llebre occidental: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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El ualabi llebre occidental (Lagorchestes hirsutus), conegut també com a mala, és un petit macropòdid d'Austràlia. Antigament tenia una àmplia distribució a la meitat occidental del continent australià, però actualment està confinat a les illes de Bernier Island i Dorre Island de la costa d'Austràlia Occidental. Actualment se'l classifica com a espècie vulnerable.

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Zottel-Hasenkänguru ( германски )

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Das Zottel-Hasenkänguru (Lagorchestes hirsutus), auch Mala genannt, ist eine Beuteltierart aus der Familie der Kängurus (Macropodidae).

Merkmale

Zottel-Hasenkängurus zählen zu den kleinsten Kängurus: sie erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 31 bis 39 Zentimetern, eine Schwanzlänge von 25 bis 38 Zentimetern und ein Gewicht von 0,8 bis 1,7 Kilogramm. Ihr dichtes Fell ist an der Oberseite graubraun gefärbt, die Unterseite ist heller. Namensgebendes Merkmal sind die langen, rotbraunen Haare am Rücken. Die Hinterbeine sind wie bei den meisten Kängurus deutlich länger als die Vorderbeine. Der Kopf ist relativ klein, die Ohren hingegen sind lang.

Verbreitung und Lebensweise

Das ursprüngliche Verbreitungsgebiet des Zottel-Hasenkängurus umfasste rund 25 Prozent Australiens, so lebten sie im Northern Territory, in Western Australia und im nordwestlichen South Australia. Heute kommen sie auf dem australischen Festland nicht mehr vor, die einzigen Bestände leben auf den Bernier- und Dorre-Inseln vor der Küste Westaustraliens. Ihr ursprünglicher Lebensraum sind trockene, mit Stachelkopfgräsern bewachsene Grasländer.

 src=
Verbreitungskarte des Zottel-Hasenkängurus

Zottel-Hasenkängurus sind nachtaktive Tiere, die tagsüber in Erdbauen schlafen. Mit der Dämmerung kommen sie aus ihren Verstecken und beginnen mit der Nahrungsaufnahme. Sie leben einzelgängerisch und vermeiden üblicherweise den Kontakt mit Artgenossen. Ihre Nahrung besteht aus Gräsern, Kräutern und Samen, manchmal auch Früchten. Wie alle Kängurus haben sie einen mehrkammerigen Magen, um die schwer verdauliche Pflanzennahrung besser verwerten zu können.

Gefährdung

Mit der Besiedlung Australiens durch die Europäer hat der Rückgang der Populationen der Zottel-Hasenkängurus eingesetzt. Die Gründe dafür liegen in den Änderungen des Lebensraums: die Praxis der Aborigines, jährlich kleinere Gebiete durch Brandrodung zu kultivieren, sorgte dank der unterschiedlichen Wachstumsphasen der Pflanzen für ausreichend Deckung und Nahrung. Mit der Vertreibung der Aborigines wurde diese Praxis eingestellt, anstelle dessen kam es häufiger zu riesigen Buschbränden, die die Bestände dezimierten. Weitere Gründe für den Rückgang sind die Nahrungskonkurrenz durch die eingeschleppten Kaninchen und die Nachstellung durch die ebenfalls eingeschleppten Füchse.

In den 1990er-Jahren verschwanden die letzten Bestände auf dem Festland, eine Population in der Tanamiwüste wurde durch ein Buschfeuer ausgelöscht. Seitdem gibt es freilebend nur noch die Bestände auf der Bernier- und Dorre-Insel. Einige Tiere werden in Gefangenschaft gezüchtet, ein Auswilderungsprogramm fand auf Trimouille Island vor der Nordwestküste Australiens statt. Mittlerweile leben auf Trimouille Island rund 120 Tiere, die Populationsgröße auf der Bernier- und Dorre-Insel ist nicht bekannt, Schätzungen aus den 1990er-Jahren belaufen sich auf 4300 bis 6700 Tiere. Die IUCN listet die Art als „gefährdet“ (vulnerable).

Literatur

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. 6. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

Weblinks

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Zottel-Hasenkänguru: Brief Summary ( германски )

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Das Zottel-Hasenkänguru (Lagorchestes hirsutus), auch Mala genannt, ist eine Beuteltierart aus der Familie der Kängurus (Macropodidae).

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Rufous hare-wallaby ( англиски )

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The rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus), also known as the mala, is a small macropod found in Australia. It was formerly widely distributed across the western half of the continent, but naturally occurring populations are now confined to Bernier Island and Dorre Island Islands off Western Australia.[4]

Although once widespread in the central and western deserts, predation by feral cats and foxes, and destructive wildfires, caused the last wild population on mainland Australia to go extinct in the early 1990s.[5] Despite its extinction in the wild, the mainland subspecies persisted in captivity.[6]

The species, which is currently classified as vulnerable,[2] has rufous-grey fur and is the smallest hare-wallaby, weighing just 800-1,600 grams.[5] It is a solitary nocturnal herbivore that feeds on herbs, leaves and seeds.

Mala prefer spinifex sandplain habitat; the animals build burrows under large spinifex hummocks. The burrows are tunnel-like structures with a spinifex roof. This provides a cool refuge during the heat of the day. In summer, they are likely to dig deeper burrows to withstand searing desert temperatures.[5]

Captive stocks of the mainland subspecies are currently being reintroduced in the Tanami Desert in the Northern Territory.[4] In July 2019, the first reintroductions into the Newhaven Sanctuary were conducted, with the release of 30 individuals into the 9,400 hectare, feral predator-free area.[5]

Animals from both Bernier Island and Dorre Island have recently been translocated to Dirk Hartog Island following the complete removal of livestock and feral cats from the landscape.[7]

Taxonomy

The first European to describe the rufous hare-wallaby was John Gould (1844) in The Mammals of Australia.

Four distinct subpopulations of this species have been described as subspecies, especially with regard to their conservation status. Estimates of these island colonies numbers were between 4,300 and 6,700 in 1994; the environmental conditions cause fluctuations in the total number of animals.

Two possible subspecies are found in range restricted to islands near Western Australia.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri is only found at Bernier Island. This name has priority if not distinct from subspecies:
  • Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae is only found at Dorre Island.

The fourth is an unnamed subspecies that has been conserved by relocation.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus ssp. was originally discovered in the Tanami Desert, and was once widespread across the arid centre of Australia. The only existing members of this group have been translocated to several sites in Western Australia as captive colonies. These are at the Dryandra Woodland, Shark Bay and Trimouille Island. The colony on the latter is estimated to be over 100 individuals.[2] This subspecies has also been reintroduced to a large fenced reserve in the Northern Territory.[8]

Description

A species of Lagorchestes, the smallest of the genus, the combined length of the head and body is 310 to 390 millimetres, greater than the tail length of 245 to 300 mm. Their weight range is 800 to 1,600 grams and body form is comparatively light and delicate. The colouration of the pelage is rufous overall, greyer at the upper back and yellowish at the underside and forearm. Some parts of the population, such as those at the Bernier and Dorre island in Shark Bay, have greyer fur at the underside. The sandy colour of the tail terminates in a grey tip. The fur is long and shaggy in appearance.[9]

Significance in Anangu (Aboriginal) culture

For the Anangu, or Aboriginal people, the Mala or "hare wallaby people" are important ancestral beings. For tens of thousands of years, the Mala have watched over them from rocks and caves and walls, guiding them on their relationships with people, plants and animals, rules for living and caring for country. Mala Tjukurpa, the Mala Law, is central to their living culture and celebrated in story, song, dance and ceremony.[10]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d Burbidge, A.A.; Woinarski, J. (2016). "Lagorchestes hirsutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T11162A21954429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11162A21954429.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  4. ^ a b Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. p. 108.
  5. ^ a b c d "Restoring Australia's lost biodiversity to the central deserts". 4 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  7. ^ "Threatened species introduced to Dirk Hartog Island National Park - Parks and Wildlife Service". www.dpaw.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  8. ^ Zillman, Stephanie (2019-07-18). "Native wallaby brought back from brink of extinction". ABC News. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  9. ^ Menkhorst, P.W.; Knight, F. (2011). A field guide to the mammals of Australia (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780195573954.
  10. ^ Factsheet: Uluru – Kata Tjuta National Park Mala Reintroduction Project . Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

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Rufous hare-wallaby: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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The rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus), also known as the mala, is a small macropod found in Australia. It was formerly widely distributed across the western half of the continent, but naturally occurring populations are now confined to Bernier Island and Dorre Island Islands off Western Australia.

Although once widespread in the central and western deserts, predation by feral cats and foxes, and destructive wildfires, caused the last wild population on mainland Australia to go extinct in the early 1990s. Despite its extinction in the wild, the mainland subspecies persisted in captivity.

The species, which is currently classified as vulnerable, has rufous-grey fur and is the smallest hare-wallaby, weighing just 800-1,600 grams. It is a solitary nocturnal herbivore that feeds on herbs, leaves and seeds.

Mala prefer spinifex sandplain habitat; the animals build burrows under large spinifex hummocks. The burrows are tunnel-like structures with a spinifex roof. This provides a cool refuge during the heat of the day. In summer, they are likely to dig deeper burrows to withstand searing desert temperatures.

Captive stocks of the mainland subspecies are currently being reintroduced in the Tanami Desert in the Northern Territory. In July 2019, the first reintroductions into the Newhaven Sanctuary were conducted, with the release of 30 individuals into the 9,400 hectare, feral predator-free area.

Animals from both Bernier Island and Dorre Island have recently been translocated to Dirk Hartog Island following the complete removal of livestock and feral cats from the landscape.

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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( шпански; кастиљски )

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El ualabí liebre rojizo (Lagorchestes hirsutus), también denominado canguro liebre occidental y mala,[2]​ es un pequeño mamífero marsupial de la familia Macropodidae que vive en Australia. Antiguamente estaba distribuido por toda la mitad occidental del continente australiano pero actualmente está confinado en algunas islas como la isla Bernier, la isla Dorre y otras pequeñas islas alrededor de Australia Occidental.[3]​ Actualmente está clasificado como una especie vulnerable.[1]​ y existen programas para reintroducirlo en el continente, en el desierto de Tanami en el Territorio del Norte.[3]

Descripción

El ualabí liebre rojizo es el más pequeño de los ualabíes liebre. Tiene el pelo gris rojizo. Es un animal solitario y nocturno que se alimenta de hierba, hojas y semillas.

Taxonomía

La especie fue descrita científicamente por el zoólogo inglés John Gould (1844) en su obra The Mammals of Australia.

Cuatro de sus poblaciones se han descrito como subespecies. Se estima que la cantidad de individuos en las colonias insulares estaba entre 4.300 - 6.700 en 1994, dependiendo de las fluctuaciones debidas a las condiciones ambientales.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus, al que pertenecía la población extinta del suroeste del continente australiano. Esta fue la variedad que fue descrita por John Gould en 1844, a partir de un espécimen recolectado cerca de York (Australia Occidenta).[1]

Dos posibles subespecies se encuentran restringidas a islas cerca de Australia Occidental:

Referencias

  1. a b c d Richards, J., Morris, K., Friend, T. & Burbidge, A. (2008). «Lagorchestes hirsutus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as vulnerable
  2. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. a b Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. p. 108.

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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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El ualabí liebre rojizo (Lagorchestes hirsutus), también denominado canguro liebre occidental y mala,​ es un pequeño mamífero marsupial de la familia Macropodidae que vive en Australia. Antiguamente estaba distribuido por toda la mitad occidental del continente australiano pero actualmente está confinado en algunas islas como la isla Bernier, la isla Dorre y otras pequeñas islas alrededor de Australia Occidental.​ Actualmente está clasificado como una especie vulnerable.​ y existen programas para reintroducirlo en el continente, en el desierto de Tanami en el Territorio del Norte.​

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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( баскиски )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus Lagorchestes generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Macropodinae azpifamilia eta Macropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. Gould (1844) 1844 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 32. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus Lagorchestes generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Macropodinae azpifamilia eta Macropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( француски )

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Le Wallaby-lièvre roux[1] ou lièvre-wallaby de l’ouest (Lagorchestes hirsutus) est une espèce de petits macropodidés vivant en Australie. Il était autrefois répandu à travers tout l'ouest du continent mais il est maintenant confiné aux îles Bernier et Dorre en Australie-Occidentale.

C'est le plus petit des lièvres-wallabies. C'est un animal solitaire, nocturne, se nourrissant d'herbes, de feuilles, de fleurs et de graines.

Il est à l'heure actuelle en cours de réintroduction dans le désert de Tanami dans le Territoire du Nord. Il a été placé dans les espèces vulnérables sur la liste rouge de l'UICN en 1996.

Références

Notes et références

  1. Annexes au Journal officiel des Communautés européennes du 18 décembre 2000. Lire en ligne.

Lien externe

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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Le Wallaby-lièvre roux ou lièvre-wallaby de l’ouest (Lagorchestes hirsutus) est une espèce de petits macropodidés vivant en Australie. Il était autrefois répandu à travers tout l'ouest du continent mais il est maintenant confiné aux îles Bernier et Dorre en Australie-Occidentale.

C'est le plus petit des lièvres-wallabies. C'est un animal solitaire, nocturne, se nourrissant d'herbes, de feuilles, de fleurs et de graines.

Il est à l'heure actuelle en cours de réintroduction dans le désert de Tanami dans le Territoire du Nord. Il a été placé dans les espèces vulnérables sur la liste rouge de l'UICN en 1996.

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Valbaí giorria ruadhonn ( ирски )

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Ainmhí is ea an valbaí giorria ruadhonn.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( италијански )

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Il wallaby lepre rossiccio (Lagorchestes hirsutus Gould, 1844), noto anche come mala, è un piccolo Macropodide diffuso in Australia. In passato era largamente diffuso in tutta la metà occidentale del continentale, ma ora è confinato solamente sulle isole Bernier e Dorre, al largo dell'Australia Occidentale[3]. È attualmente considerato una specie vulnerabile[2].

Il wallaby lepre rossiccio, il membro più piccolo del suo genere, è ricoperto da una pelliccia grigio-rossiccia. È un erbivoro solitario e notturno che si nutre di erba, foglie e semi. Sono in corso progetti per reintrodurlo in alcune aree del continente, come il deserto Tanami, nel Territorio del Nord[3].

Venne descritto per la prima da John Gould (1844) nel suo The Mammals of Australia.

Quattro distinte sottopopolazioni di questo animale sono state descritte come sottospecie, soprattutto a scopo di conservazione. In base ad uno studio del 1994 si ritiene che la popolazione totale sia di 4300-6700 esemplari, con una certa fluttuazione dovuta al mutamento delle condizioni ambientali.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus è una varietà estinta che era ristretta all'Australia sud-occidentale. È la forma che venne usata da John Gould nel 1844 per effettuare la prima descrizione della specie, sulla base di un esemplare catturato nei pressi di York, in Australia Occidentale[2].

Due possibili sottospecie sono diffuse su alcune isolette nei pressi della costa dell'Australia Occidentale.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri vive solo sull'isola di Bernier. Potrebbe trattarsi di una vera sottospecie se unito a:
  • Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae, dell'isola di Dorre.

La quarta varietà è una sottospecie priva di nome che è stata allevata in cattività a scopi di conservazione.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus ssp. è stata scoperta per la prima volta nel deserto Tanami e un tempo era diffusa in tutto l'arido centro dell'Australia. Gli unici membri esistenti di questo gruppo sono stati trasferiti in alcune zone dell'Australia Occidentale per costituire colonie in cattività. Ora si trovano nella Riserva della Conservazione di Dryandra, nella baia degli Squali e sull'isola di Trimouille. Queste colonie sono costituite in tutto da più di 100 esemplari[2].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Lagorchestes hirsutus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ a b c d (EN) Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Lagorchestes hirsutus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Peter Menkhorst, A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 108.

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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( италијански )

добавил wikipedia IT

Il wallaby lepre rossiccio (Lagorchestes hirsutus Gould, 1844), noto anche come mala, è un piccolo Macropodide diffuso in Australia. In passato era largamente diffuso in tutta la metà occidentale del continentale, ma ora è confinato solamente sulle isole Bernier e Dorre, al largo dell'Australia Occidentale. È attualmente considerato una specie vulnerabile.

Il wallaby lepre rossiccio, il membro più piccolo del suo genere, è ricoperto da una pelliccia grigio-rossiccia. È un erbivoro solitario e notturno che si nutre di erba, foglie e semi. Sono in corso progetti per reintrodurlo in alcune aree del continente, come il deserto Tanami, nel Territorio del Nord.

Venne descritto per la prima da John Gould (1844) nel suo The Mammals of Australia.

Quattro distinte sottopopolazioni di questo animale sono state descritte come sottospecie, soprattutto a scopo di conservazione. In base ad uno studio del 1994 si ritiene che la popolazione totale sia di 4300-6700 esemplari, con una certa fluttuazione dovuta al mutamento delle condizioni ambientali.

Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus è una varietà estinta che era ristretta all'Australia sud-occidentale. È la forma che venne usata da John Gould nel 1844 per effettuare la prima descrizione della specie, sulla base di un esemplare catturato nei pressi di York, in Australia Occidentale.

Due possibili sottospecie sono diffuse su alcune isolette nei pressi della costa dell'Australia Occidentale.

Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri vive solo sull'isola di Bernier. Potrebbe trattarsi di una vera sottospecie se unito a: Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae, dell'isola di Dorre.

La quarta varietà è una sottospecie priva di nome che è stata allevata in cattività a scopi di conservazione.

Lagorchestes hirsutus ssp. è stata scoperta per la prima volta nel deserto Tanami e un tempo era diffusa in tutto l'arido centro dell'Australia. Gli unici membri esistenti di questo gruppo sono stati trasferiti in alcune zone dell'Australia Occidentale per costituire colonie in cattività. Ora si trovano nella Riserva della Conservazione di Dryandra, nella baia degli Squali e sull'isola di Trimouille. Queste colonie sono costituite in tutto da più di 100 esemplari.
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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( латински )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus (binomen a Gould inventum anno 1844), (Anglice = rufous hare-wallaby ) est animal Marsupiale herbivorum Australianum.


Nexus externi

Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Lagorchestes hirsutus" apud Vicispecies.
Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Lagorchestes hirsutus spectant (Lagorchestes, Lagorchestes hirsutus).

Notae

  • Sakai, Tatsuo; E. W. van Lennep. (February 1984) The Harderian Gland in Australian Marsupials. Journal of Mammalogy. Vol. 65, No. 1. pp. 159-162.
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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( латински )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus (binomen a Gould inventum anno 1844), (Anglice = rufous hare-wallaby ) est animal Marsupiale herbivorum Australianum.


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Westelijke buidelhaas ( холандски; фламански )

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De westelijke of rode buidelhaas (Lagorchestes hirsutus) is een wallaby uit het geslacht Lagorchestes. Deze soort leeft in centrale delen van Australië en twee eilanden voor de zuidwestkust.

Uiterlijk

De westelijke buidelhaas is de kleinste buidelhaas en heeft een lichaamslengte van ongeveer 40 cm en een staart van ongeveer dezelfde lengte. Het gewicht bedraagt 0.78 tot 2.0 kg. De vrouwelijke dieren zijn over het algemeen groter dan de mannelijke westelijke buidelhazen, iets wat ongebruikelijk is bij kangoeroes. Meestal zijn de mannelijke dieren groter. De vacht van de westelijke buidelhaas is roodgrijs van kleur.

Leefwijze

De westelijke buidelhaas is een planteneter die in solitiar leeft. Deze soort is overwegend actief tijdens de schemering en de nacht. Overdag slaapt de westelijke buidelhaas in de dichte ondergroei. Grassen, zaden en afgevallen vruchten zijn het voornaamste voedsel.

Leefgebied

De westelijke buidelhaas kwam vroeger voor in het merendeel van de scrublands en halfwoestijnen van westelijk Australië. Tot in de jaren dertig van de twintigste eeuw kwam de soort nog voor in de Grote Zandwoestijn en de Gibsonwoestijn. Tussen 1935 en 1960 daalde het aantal westelijke buidelhazen zeer sterk, waarschijnlijk door verlies van leefgebied, concurrentie van het ingevoerde Europees konijn en predatie door verwilderde katten en de ingevoerde rode vos. In 1966 leefde de westelijke buidelhaas op het vasteland alleen nog in geïsoleerde delen van de halfwoestijnen van Zuid-Australië, West-Australië en het Noordelijk Territorium. Toen ook deze populaties uitstierven, was de westelijke buidelhaas vanaf 1996 op het vasteland van Australië uitgestorven. Alleen op Berniereiland en Dorre-eiland in Sharkbaai, West-Australië, kwam de soort nog voor.

Tegenwoordig leeft deze kangoeroe hier nog steeds, samen met de eveneens zeldzame gestreepte buidelhaas. Inmiddels is de westelijke buidelhaas opnieuw uitgezet in de Tanamiwoestijn in het Red Centre van het Noordelijk Territorium en hier leeft nu de grootste populatie van deze zeldzame buidelhaas. De eerste groep werd uitgezet in het Nationaal park Watarrka en in 2005 werden 25 westelijke buidelhazen uit dit nationaal park uitgezet in het Nationaal park Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa. In dit nationaal park werd een 170 hectare groot gebied omringd met een roofdier-bestendig hek. De terugkeer van de westelijke buidelhaas in Nationaal park Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa was niet alleen goed nieuws voor de natuurbeschermers, maar ook voor de Anangu-Aboriginals. Voor dit volk was de westelijke buidelhaas zo belangrijk dat ze het dier mala noemden, naar een oervolk dat volgens de legendes in het gebied leefden en veel rotsformaties die nu nog te zien zijn, zoals Uluṟu en Kata Tjuṯa, zouden hebben gemaakt. Ceremonies met betrekking tot de mala zijn al duizenden jaren oud.

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Westelijke buidelhaas: Brief Summary ( холандски; фламански )

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De westelijke of rode buidelhaas (Lagorchestes hirsutus) is een wallaby uit het geslacht Lagorchestes. Deze soort leeft in centrale delen van Australië en twee eilanden voor de zuidwestkust.

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Filander kosmaty ( полски )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Filander kosmaty[3] (Lagorchestes hirsutus) – torbacz z rodziny kangurowatych (Macropodidae)[4].

Nazwa Lagorchestes oznacza "tańczący zając". Odpowiadają zającom w swoim wyglądzie i zachowaniu jednakże jak inne filandry mają dłuższe tylne kończyny niż zające i cieńsze zgarbione ciało. Mniejsze przednie kończyny i długi cienki ogon. Są czworo- i dwunożne skacząc na silnych, tylnych nogach lub manewrując na wszystkich 4 kończynach.

Ich futro jest długie, miękkie i grube, w kolorach: piaskowym, płowym a grzbiet i głowa są szaro-rude, łapy są ciemno zabarwione. Samce i samice maja identyczny kolor, ale samice są większe od samców. Mają długie, szpiczaste uszy, duże czarne oczy, krótkie wąsiki.

Nazwa gatunkowa hirsutus odnosi się do tego, że ich futro wydłuża się ku tyłowi, nadając tym zwierzętom kudłaty wygląd.

Występowanie i środowisko

Głównym środowiskiem dla niego była pierwotnie pustynia Tanami, która jest ciepła, sucha, z monsunowym klimatem i na wpół jałowa. Ilość pożywienia jest uzależniona od suszy i ilości opadów.

Filandry występują także na wyspach Dorre i Bernier w Zatoce Rekina na zachodnim wybrzeżu Australii). Klimat jest tu ciepły, śródziemnomorski.

Zwierzęta te wymagają mozaikowatości terenu, złożonej z wypalanych i niewypalanych części trawiastego terenu (różne obszary podatności na ogień i środowiska zapewniające schronienie i zapasy żywności). Tworzą ją zróżnicowanie pożywienia, rozmiary pagórków, i struktura środowiska. Stopień połączenia i dostępności do każdego z tych środowisk były równie ważne. Te dwie wyspy maja kilka głównych typów środowisk: piaszczyste równiny, tereny trawiaste, piaszczyste trawiaste wrzosowiska, nietrwałe wydmy, plaże, martwe wrzosowiska. Występuje we wszystkich środowiskach, ale ulubionymi są umocnione, trwałe wydmy, plaże i oba środowiska wrzosowisk. Chronią się w szczelinach lub w kępach trawy albo w otwartych jamach. Uciekają zygzakowatym śladem, gdy są spłoszone.

Dane liczbowe

  • Długość: samice 36-39 cm, samce: 31-36 cm
  • Długość ogona: samice 24-30,5 cm, samce 26,27 cm
  • Masa ciała: samice osiągają 0,78- 1,9 kg, samce 1,24-1,8 kg
  • Wysokość 30 cm
  • Czas przebywania młodych w torbie: 5 miesięcy (przeciętnie 124 dni)
  • Liczba młodych: 1 (3 mioty w roku)
  • Długość życia: 13 lat

Podgatunki

Występują 4 podgatunki:

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus – wymarły
  • Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri
  • Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae
  • Lagorchestes hirsutus nova

Odżywianie

Są roślinożerne. Jedzą głównie nasiona, owoce, turzyce, sukulenty i zioła. Mogą zmieniać swoje przyzwyczajenia pokarmowe w odpowiedzi na zmiany w środowisku. Jednoliścienne są ich podstawową dietą – 44-65% razem z nasionami, owocami sukulentów, jeżeli są dostępne. Filandry wolą łodygi i liście traw bylinowych (wieloletnich) niektórych gatunków, a w suchszych i uboższych środowiskach mogą nawet żywić się owadami.

Zachowanie

Filandry są zwierzętami nocnymi. Wyłaniają się ze swoich jam po zachodzie słońca. Samce wychodzą wcześniej niż samice. Większość aktywności (żerowanie, pielęgnacja itd.) wykonują wczesną nocą. Są one samotnikami i unikają konfrontacji. Kiedy dochodzi do spotkania są zwykle nieagresywne. Do komunikowania się używają języka ciała i odgłosów pomimo, że są nocne. Szczególnie w czasie spotkania samca i samicy. Dwie samice często się obwąchują i odchodzą. Samiec może znakować swoje terytorium przez spryskanie moczem drzewa. W niewoli jest kilka dowodów na hierarchię socjalną wśród samców i samic, przy czym samcza hierarchia dotyczy dostępu do samic i jedzenia. W dziczy zagęszczenie jest tak małe, ze hierarchia nie jest ważna. Zaalarmowany wydaje głośny pisk potem syk i ucieka do kryjówki.

Terytorium

Dane sugerują, że samce mają większe terytoria, które zawierają mniejsze terytoria wielu samic. Na pustyni Tanami terytoria zawierają gęste pokrycie trawami z rodziny wiechlinowatych, otwarte tereny skaliste (skały osadowe) i ogniowa granica między dojrzałymi trawami a niedawno wypalonymi terenami. Największa aktywność występuje na terenach granicznych. Te skupiska traw są wykorzystywane jako kryjówka podczas poruszania się i schronienie w czasie dnia. Otwarte tereny są bardziej wykorzystywane do żerowania, ponieważ mają większe urozmaicenie i obfitość pokarmu. Wzory wykorzystania środowisk są sezonowe (okresowe) i bazują na opadach.

Rozmnażanie

Prowadzi samotny tryb życia. Kiedy samce spotykają się z samicami sprawdzają je (czy są gotowe do rozrodu), jeżeli ona nie jest gotowa na zaloty to odsuwa się bądź kopie samca, natomiast samice odpowiadające kładą się akceptując parzenie. W dzikim środowisku samce strzegą swoich partnerek, ponieważ owulujące samice przyciągają wielu samców. W niewoli brak dodatkowych samców w zagrodzie oraz ograniczona przestrzeń usunęła potrzebę obrony partnerek.

Jak inne kangurowate, filandry wykazują zahamowanie rozwoju zarodka bądź nawet wchłonięcie go gdy warunki środowiska są niesprzyjające. Jest to niezwykle ważne w niestabilnych środowiskach, w których żyją. Samice są wrażliwie na zmiany dostępności jedzenia w czasie, gdy noszą młode w torbie lub tuż przed. Krótka ciąża i skrócone życie w torbie (124 dni) pozwala na posiadanie powyżej 3 miotów rocznie. Są zwierzętami poliestralnymi. Czas noszenia młodego w torbie to 5 miesięcy. Samice są dojrzałe płciowo między 5 a 23 miesiącem, samce w wieku 14-20 miesiąca. Samice opiekują się, karmią i chronią młode. Po odstawieniu młodego, matka i inne dorosłe często zachowują się agresywnie wobec młodych. Przyczynia się to do rozproszenia młodych, zmniejszając szanse inbredu i redukując lokalną konkurencję do rzadkich zasobów. Długość życia przeciętnie wynosi 13 lat.

Przypisy

  1. Lagorchestes hirsutus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Lagorchestes hirsutus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Lagorchestes hirsutus. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 29 czerwca 2015]

Bibliografia

  1. Adkins, J. & C. Yahnke: Lagorchestes hirsutus (ang.). (On-line), Animal Diversity Web, 2007. [dostęp 17 kwietnia 2008].
  2. Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group 1996.: Lagorchestes hirsutus (ang.). 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [dostęp 17 kwietnia 2008].
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Filander kosmaty: Brief Summary ( полски )

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Filander kosmaty (Lagorchestes hirsutus) – torbacz z rodziny kangurowatych (Macropodidae).

Nazwa Lagorchestes oznacza "tańczący zając". Odpowiadają zającom w swoim wyglądzie i zachowaniu jednakże jak inne filandry mają dłuższe tylne kończyny niż zające i cieńsze zgarbione ciało. Mniejsze przednie kończyny i długi cienki ogon. Są czworo- i dwunożne skacząc na silnych, tylnych nogach lub manewrując na wszystkich 4 kończynach.

Ich futro jest długie, miękkie i grube, w kolorach: piaskowym, płowym a grzbiet i głowa są szaro-rude, łapy są ciemno zabarwione. Samce i samice maja identyczny kolor, ale samice są większe od samców. Mają długie, szpiczaste uszy, duże czarne oczy, krótkie wąsiki.

Nazwa gatunkowa hirsutus odnosi się do tego, że ich futro wydłuża się ku tyłowi, nadając tym zwierzętom kudłaty wygląd.

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Lagorchestes hirsutus ( португалски )

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Lagorchestes hirsutus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Macropodidae.

É endêmica da Austrália.

Uma subespécie, Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus, já se encontra extinta.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.
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Lagorchestes hirsutus: Brief Summary ( португалски )

добавил wikipedia PT

Lagorchestes hirsutus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Macropodidae.

É endêmica da Austrália.

Uma subespécie, Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus, já se encontra extinta.

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Västlig harvallaby ( шведски )

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Västlig harvallaby[2] (Lagorchestes hirsutus) är ett pungdjur i familjen kängurudjur.

Kännetecken

Djuret tillhör de minsta känguruer. Den når bara en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) mellan 31 och 39 cm, en svanslängd mellan 25 och 31 cm samt en vikt av 0,8 till 1,9 kg.[3] Den täta pälsen har på ovansidan en gråbrun färg, undersidan är ljusare medan fötterna och svansen är mörkare. Kännetecknande är länga rödbruna hår på djurets rygg. De bakre extremiteterna är som hos flera andra kängurudjur tydlig längre än de främre. Huvudet är relativt litet medan öronen är långa.[3]

Utbredning och levnadssätt

Artens ursprungliga levnadsområde omfattade cirka 25 procent av hela Australien.[3] Den förekom i Northern Territory, i Western Australia och i nordvästra South Australia. Idag är djuret på det australiska fastlandet utrotat. De enda populationerna finns på ögruppen Bernier and Dorre Islands som ligger framför västra Australiens kustlinje.[1] Det ursprungliga habitatet var gräsmark med växter av grässläktet Triodia.[1]

Västlig harvallaby är aktiv på natten[3] och vilar på dagen i bon av jord. Vid skymningen börjar den leta efter föda. Varje individ lever ensam och de undviker vanligen kontakt med artfränder.[3] Födan utgörs av gräs, örter, frön och ibland frukter.[3] Som alla kängurudjur har de en magsäck med tre avsnitt som förbättrar djurets ämnesomsättning.[4]

Honor har vanligen två kullar per år men varje kull har bara en unge som stannar cirka fyra månader i moderns pung (marsupium). Med människans vård västlig harvallaby kan leva fem år.[1]

Hot

Med européernas ankomst i Australien började populationens tillbakagång. Det beror huvudsakligen på omvandling av levnadsområdet. Aboriginers tradition att odla bara små områden med hjälp av svedjebruk bjöd på tillräcklig föda och gömställen för västlig harvallaby. Under kolonisternas tid förekom däremot stora buskbränder som decimerade artens bestånd. Dessutom fick västlig harvallaby nya konkurrenter om födan som införda kaniner och den jagades av nya fiender som rävar.[1]

Under 1990-talet försvann den sista populationen på fastlandet. Beståndet i Tanamiöken eliminerades i en stor eldsvåda. I naturen finns arten bara på Bernier and Dorre Islands. Flera individer avlas i fångenskap. Ett projekt för att införa västlig harvallaby på en av Montebelloöarna är inlett. Populationen där ligger vid omkring 120 individer. Beståndet på Bernier and Dorre Islands är inte känt men den uppskattades under 1990-talet till 4 300 – 6 700 individer. IUCN listar arten som sårbar (vulnerable).[1]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 18 augusti 2009.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d e f] Lagorchestes hirsutusIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Richards, J., Morris, K., Friend, T. & Burbidge, A. 2008, besökt 19 november 2009.
  2. ^ Kommissionens förordning (EU) 2017/160 om skyddet av vilda djur (PDF), Europeiska unionen, sid.20, läst 2018-09-01.
  3. ^ [a b c d e f] R. Edwards (14 april 2003). ”Rufous hare wallaby”. ARKive. Arkiverad från originalet den 12 juni 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130612070709/http://www.arkive.org/rufous-hare-wallaby/lagorchestes-hirsutus/#text=All. Läst 30 april 2013.
  4. ^ Macropodidae på Animal Diversity Web, (engelska), besökt 28 mars 2010

Tryckta källor

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. 6 upplaga. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

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Västlig harvallaby: Brief Summary ( шведски )

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Västlig harvallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus) är ett pungdjur i familjen kängurudjur.

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Кенгуру жмутохвостий ( украински )

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Kangaru chân to ( виетнамски )

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Kangaru chân to, tên khoa học Lagorchestes hirsutus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Macropodidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1844.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Richards, J., Morris, K., Friend, T. & Burbidge, A. (2008). Lagorchestes hirsutus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as vulnerable
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Lagorchestes hirsutus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Kangaru chân to: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

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Kangaru chân to, tên khoa học Lagorchestes hirsutus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Macropodidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1844.

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蓬毛兔袋鼠 ( кинески )

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二名法 Lagorchestes hirsutus
Gould,1844 物種分佈範圍 (藍 — 原生;紅 — 引進)
物種分佈範圍
(藍 — 原生;紅 — 引進)
亞種
  • L. h. hirsutus
  • L. h. bernieri
  • L. h. dorreae
  • L. h. ssp.

蓬毛兔袋鼠Lagorchestes hirsutus),又名西部兔袋鼠,是澳洲一種細小的有袋類。牠們以往廣泛分佈在澳洲西部,但現只限於西澳州伯尼爾島及Dorre島上。[3]牠們因環境問題而被列入到易危的狀況。[2]於1994年估計其數量有4300-6700隻。

特徵

蓬毛兔袋鼠的毛皮呈赤灰色,是最細小的兔袋鼠。牠們獨居、夜間活動及草食性的。牠們現正重新引入到澳洲大陸,尤其是北領地塔納米沙漠[3]

蓬毛兔袋鼠最初是由約翰·古爾德(John Gould)所描述的。

亞種

蓬毛兔袋鼠有四個亞種

  • L. h. hirsutus:已滅絕,以往分佈在澳洲西南部。牠們是約翰·古爾德描述時的模式亞種,其標本現正存放在 約克[2]
  • L. h. bernieri:只分佈在伯尼爾島
  • L. h. dorreae:只分佈在Dorre島上。
  • L. h. ssp.:未命名亞種,最初於塔納米沙漠發現,相信曾廣泛分佈在乾旱的澳洲中部。唯一生存的已送往西澳州多個地方飼養。估計其數量有超過100隻。[2]

參考

  1. ^ Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds), 编. Mammal species of the world 3rd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press. 16 November 2005: 63. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lagorchestes hirsutus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Menkhorst, Peter. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. 2001: 108.

外部連結

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蓬毛兔袋鼠: Brief Summary ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科

蓬毛兔袋鼠(Lagorchestes hirsutus),又名西部兔袋鼠,是澳洲一種細小的有袋類。牠們以往廣泛分佈在澳洲西部,但現只限於西澳州伯尼爾島及Dorre島上。牠們因環境問題而被列入到易危的狀況。於1994年估計其數量有4300-6700隻。

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붉은허리토끼왈라비 ( корејски )

добавил wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

붉은허리토끼왈라비(Lagorchestes hirsutus)는 캥거루과에 속하며, 오스트레일리아에서 발견되는 작은 유대류의 일종이다. 말라(mala)로도 알려져 있다. 이전에는 대륙 서반부에 걸쳐 널리 분포했지만, 현재는 웨스턴오스트레일리아주 연안의 베르니어 섬과 도레 섬에서만 제한적으로 분포한다.[3] 현재, 멸종취약종(VU, vulnerable species)으로 분류하고 있다.[2] 붉은허리토끼왈라비는 털이 붉은 갈색을 띠며, 토끼왈라비 중에서 가장 작다. 무리를 짓지 않고 홀로 생활하며 야행성, 초식성 동물로 풀과 나무 잎 그리고 씨앗을 먹는다. 현재 오스트레일리아 대륙 본토, 특히 노던 준주의 타나미 사막에 재도입되었다.[3]

분류

1844년 굴드(John Gould)가 "오스트레일리아의 포유류"(The Mammals of Australia)라는 책에서 처음 기술했다. 구별되는 4곳의 아개체군은 특히 보전 상태에서 아종으로 기술되어 왔다. 세 군데 섬 개체군의 개체수는 1994년 조사에서 4,300마리부터 6,700마리 사이로 추산되었지만, 환경 조건에 따라 총 개체수는 유동적이다.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus - 절멸된 개체군(사우스웨스트 오스트레일리아 대륙에 제한적으로 분포했던 개체군), 1844년 굴드(John Gould)가 이 종을 처음 기술할 때의 표본으로 웨스턴오스트레일리아주 요크(York) 근처에서 수집했다.[2]

아종으로 추정되는 2종은 웨스턴오스트레일리아 주 근처 섬의 제한적인 분포 지역에서 발견된다.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri - 베르니어 섬에서만 발견된다. 이 이름은 다른 아종과 구별되지 않을지라도 우선권을 갖고 있다.
  • Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae - 도레 섬에서만 발견된다.

4번째는 이름없는 아종으로 재배치되어 보호되고 있다.

  • Lagorchestes hirsutus ssp. - 원래는 타나미 사막에서 발견되었고, 한때는 오스트레일리아 중부 건조 지대에 걸쳐 널리 분포했다.

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 63쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Lagorchestes hirsutus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 28일에 확인함.
  3. Menkhorst, Peter (2001). 《A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia》. Oxford University Press. 108쪽.
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붉은허리토끼왈라비: Brief Summary ( корејски )

добавил wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

붉은허리토끼왈라비(Lagorchestes hirsutus)는 캥거루과에 속하며, 오스트레일리아에서 발견되는 작은 유대류의 일종이다. 말라(mala)로도 알려져 있다. 이전에는 대륙 서반부에 걸쳐 널리 분포했지만, 현재는 웨스턴오스트레일리아주 연안의 베르니어 섬과 도레 섬에서만 제한적으로 분포한다. 현재, 멸종취약종(VU, vulnerable species)으로 분류하고 있다. 붉은허리토끼왈라비는 털이 붉은 갈색을 띠며, 토끼왈라비 중에서 가장 작다. 무리를 짓지 않고 홀로 생활하며 야행성, 초식성 동물로 풀과 나무 잎 그리고 씨앗을 먹는다. 현재 오스트레일리아 대륙 본토, 특히 노던 준주의 타나미 사막에 재도입되었다.

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