Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov 1975

Queen Conch (Strombus gigas) from Kiener 1834

Two rows of the radula of Cypraea tigris L..

Cypraea tigris (Linnaeus).

Two species of Eulima: A is sessile on the skin of a Holothurian through which it plunges its sucking proboscis )Pr); B creeps freely in the stomach of a Holothurian.

Pterocera lambis (Linnaeus).

Cypraea mappa.

Generative and other organs of Littorina obtusata L., female.

Three stages in the growth of Cypraea exanthema L..

Cypraea exanthema.

Cypraea bistrio (Linn.).

Cypraea histrio (Linn.).

Littorina litorea.

Two rows of the radula of Littorina littorea L..

Indian Deep-Sea Mollusca. A specimen of Xenophora pallidula, from the Andaman Sea, 185 fathoms.... Among the dead shells used as a fortification are--(a) Pleurotoma congener, (b) Pleurotoma travancorica, (c) Pleurotoma carinata, and (d) Drillia captiva. The dead shells utilised as biulding-material are not stuck on indiscriminately, but are arranged along the edge of each whorl

Xenophora (Phorus) pallidula Reeve. A mollusc which escapess detection by covering itself with dead shells of other species.

Two specimens of Crepidula (marked a and b) on an old shell of Murex Radix Gmel..

Crepidula plana.

Figures 1-6. Daphniola eptalophos sp n. photographed in ethanol. Apical view 1, alive specimen carrying egg capsules with an embryo on last body whorl and inside umbilicus (photographed in water) 2 operculum 3 soft body, head with tentacles and penis in situ 4-5 penis 6. A background square represents 1 mm2 in Figs 1, 4, 5. Scale bar 1 mm and 0.5 mm in Figs 2 and 3 respectively. Black arrow points the penis in Figs 4-5 and the outgrowth of penis in Fig. 6.

Figures 7-10. Daphniola eptalophos sp. n. shell images from SEM Shell habitus 7, 8 protoconch 9 teleoconch 10 Scale bar 0.5 mm in Figs 7, 9 and 0.05 mm in Figs 8,10.

Figure 5.Bithynia forcarti sp. n. a shell,frontal view b shell,lateral view.

Figure 6.Shell of Bithynia starmuehlneri sp. n. a frontal view b lateral view c juvenile shell with operculum.

Figures 1–15.Cyclostremiscus mohicanus sp. n. types 1 holotype MZSP 106551 (W 2.8 mm), apical view 2 same, umbilical view 3 same, apertural view 4 same, apertural-slightly apical view 5, same, apertural-slightly umbilical view 6 paratype MZSP 106552 #1, apical view (W 1.8 mm) 7 same, umbilical view 8 #2, apical view (W 1.7 mm) 9 #1, apertural-slightly apical view 10 same, apertural view 11 #3, SEM, apertural-slightly apical view (W 1.7 mm) 12 same, apertural view 13 same, apertural-slightly umbilical view 14 #4, SEM, apical view (W 1.5 mm) 15 same, detail of apical region, scale 0.1 mm.

Figures 16–27.Episcynia itanhura sp. n. types 16 holotype MZSP 106553, umbilical view (W 2.0 mm) 17 same, apical view 18 same, apertural view 19 paratype MZSP 106556#1, umbilical view (W 2.2 mm) 20 same, apertural view 21 #2, SEM, umbilical-slightly apertural view (W 2.5 mm) 22 #3, SEM, umbilical view (W 2.1 mm) 23 #4, SEM, apertural-slightly umbilical view (W 2.5 mm) 24 #5, SEM, apertural view (W 2.6 mm) 25 #4, SEM, apertural view 26 #6, SEM, apical view (W 1.0 mm) 27 #6, detail of protoconch (scale 50µm).

Figure 2.Karucia sublacustrina sp. n. a–b shells (a holotype b paratype) c head with penis in situ (arrow showing outgrowth on the left side of penis) d penis. Abbreviations: e eye, p penis, s snout, t tentacle.