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Astragalus bibullatus Barneby & E. L. Bridges

Biology ( anglais )

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Relatively little is known about this plant's biology and life cycle (7), other than that the flowers blossom in April and May, and the fruits mature during May and June (2).
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Conservation ( anglais )

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Of the three naturally occurring populations, one is permanently protected by the State and The Nature Conservancy; the other two occur on privately owned land, one of which is being protected by the landowner. In 2001, a significant step was made towards the recovery of Pyne's ground plum, with the creation of a new population at Stones River National Battlefield in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, as the result of the collaborative efforts of the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Missouri Botanical Garden, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service (5). This project was only made possible once, after working with the species for a number of years, workers at the Missouri Botanical Garden established reliable protocols for propagating Pyne's ground plum from seed (4). By 2002, many of these reintroduced plants had flowered and set seed (7). Reproduction in the wild is a major milestone in the long road to recovery for this imperilled species (7), and there are high hopes that the new population will be self-sustaining (4).
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Description ( anglais )

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Pyne's ground plum is a rare endemic of Tennessee's Central Basin (2), and gets its common name from Milo Pyne, who discovered the species in the 1980's, and its smooth, plum-shaped fruits that ripen on the ground (4) (5). While the stems of this plant are upright at the time of flowering, they begin to droop as the fruit develops, so that the fleshy pods are resting on the ground as they mature (4) (5) (6). Showy purple flowers are produced in early spring, followed by fruits in early summer, which, when mature, are reddish above and yellow below (2) (5). Each stem also supports five to ten green leaves that are composed of around 24 small leaflets (2).
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Habitat ( anglais )

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Endemic to the cedar glades of Middle Tennessee. These glades occur on rocky limestone outcrops with exposed bedrock or very shallow soil, where trees are largely unable to grow. Pyne's ground plum grows along the deeper soiled glade margins or in partially-shaded areas (2).
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Range ( anglais )

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Known only from three natural locations, and a recently introduced fourth location, within Rutherford County in Tennessee's Central Basin, U.S. (2) (5) (6).
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Status ( anglais )

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Classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants 1997 (1) and listed as Endangered on the U.S. Endangered Species Act 1967 (3).
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Threats ( anglais )

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All three naturally occurring populations are close to the rapidly growing city of Murfreesboro. Thus, associated residential, commercial and industrial development threatens to destroy or degrade the remaining habitat within the species' already small range. Off-road vehicle traffic and refuse dumping also pose significant threats (2). Additionally, Pyne's ground plum is vulnerable to livestock grazing and rabbit herbivory, and also threatened by encroachment of more competitive vegetation, such as cedar (2) (4).
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Physical Description ( anglais )

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Perennial, Herbs, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems or branches arching, spreading or decumbent, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules cons picuous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules membranous or chartaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules connate to each other, forming a tuber or sheath, Leaves compound, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Banner petal narrow or oblanceolate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel petals auriculate, spurred, or gibbous, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Style persistent in fruit, Fruit a legume, Fruit humistrate, lying on the ground, Fruit indehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fr uit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit orbicular to subglobose, Fruit or valves persistent on stem, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit beaked, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seeds cordiform, mit-shaped, notched at one end, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
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Astragalus bibullatus ( azéri )

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Astragalus bibullatus (lat. Astragalus bibullatus) — paxlakimilər fəsiləsinin gəvən cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Təbii yayılması

Botaniki təsviri

Ekologiyası

Azərbaycanda yayılması

İstifadəsi

Ədəbiyyat

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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary ( azéri )

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Astragalus bibullatus (lat. Astragalus bibullatus) — paxlakimilər fəsiləsinin gəvən cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Astragalus bibullatus ( anglais )

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Pyne's ground plum (fruits)
Close-up of the flowers

Astragalus bibullatus, the limestone glade milkvetch or Pyne's ground plum, is an endangered species of flowering plant that is endemic to the cedar glades of the central basin of Tennessee in the United States. It is found in only eight populations located within a few kilometers of each other in Rutherford County, Tennessee.

Taxonomy and similar species

Astragalus bibullatus was first described in 1987 by Rupert Charles Barneby and Edwin L. Bridges.[2] The common name refers to Milo Pyne, who discovered the species in the 1980s, and the odd-looking smooth, reddish fruits that ripen on the ground and look superficially like plums (Prunus). However, the species is a legume and is unrelated to plums, which are in the rose family.

The foliage of Astragalus bibullatus looks similar to the more widespread cedar glade endemic, A. tennesseensis (Tennessee milkvetch). However, the stem, leaves, and fruits of A. tennesseensis are all fuzzy, while they are smooth in A. bibullatus. Also, the flowers of A. bibullatus are pinkish purple in contrast to the yellow-white flowers of A. tennesseensis. The fruits are also quite different. A. tennesseensis fruits are greenish, hairy, and are more elongated (similar to an elf shoe) as is more typical for legumes. The flowers of A. bibullatus bloom in April and May, while the fruit ripens in May or June.

Threats

Because of the small number of populations, A. bibullatus is threatened by habitat destruction.[3] Eight populations are now protected including the Flat Rock Cedar Glade and Barrens State Natural Area and Manus Road Cedar Glade.[4] Because there is very little genetic differentiation among populations,[5] further loss of genetic variability is not a threat.[6]

References

  1. ^ "Astragalus bibullatus". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
  2. ^ Barneby, R. D. and E. L. Bridges (1987). A new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Tennessee's Central Basin. Brittonia 39:358-363.
  3. ^ Morris, A. B., R. S. Baucom, and M. B. Cruzan. 2002. Stratified analysis of the soil seed bank in the cedar glade endemic Astragalus bibullatus: evidence for historical changes in genetic structure. American Journal of Botany 89: 29-36.
  4. ^ "Flat Rock Cedar Glades and Barrens Class II Natural-Scientific State Natural Area". Division of Natural Areas. Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  5. ^ Baskauf, C. J.; S. Snapp (1998). "Population genetics of the cedar glade endemic Astragalus bibullatus (Fabaceae) using isozymes". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 85 (1): 90–96. doi:10.2307/2991999. JSTOR 2991999. Archived from the original on 2006-05-20.
  6. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0".

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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Pyne's ground plum (fruits) Close-up of the flowers

Astragalus bibullatus, the limestone glade milkvetch or Pyne's ground plum, is an endangered species of flowering plant that is endemic to the cedar glades of the central basin of Tennessee in the United States. It is found in only eight populations located within a few kilometers of each other in Rutherford County, Tennessee.

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Astragalus bibullatus ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Astragalus bibullatus es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia de las leguminosas. Es originaria de Norteamérica.

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Vista de la planta

Descripción

Tiene un extraño aspecto, los frutos de color rojizo maduran sin problemas en el suelo y parecen superficialmente como ciruelas. Sin embargo, la especie es una leguminosa y no está relacionada con la ciruela. El follaje de A. bibullatus es similar a la también endémica Astragalus tennesseensis Sin embargo, las flores de A. bibullatus son de color púrpura, en contraste con las flores blancas de A. tennessensis. Los frutos también son muy diferentes. En A. tennessensis los frutos son de color verdoso, peludos, y es más alargados, lo que es más típico de las leguminosas.

Distribución

Es endémica de la cuenca central de Tennessee donde se encuentra en los claros de cedros. Se encuentra en sólo tres poblaciones ubicadas a pocos kilómetros la una de la otra en el condado de Rutherford, Tennessee .

Amenazas

Debido las pocas poblaciones de A. bibullatus, se ve amenazada por la destrucción del hábitat. Una población está protegida en el Flat Rock Cedar Glade and Barrens State Natural Area. Debido a que existe poca diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones,[2]​ una mayor pérdida de variabilidad genética no es una amenaza.

Taxonomía

Astragalus bibullatus fue descrita por Barneby & E.L.Bridges y publicado en Brittonia 39(3): 359–362, f. 1. 1987.[3]

Etimología

Astragalus: nombre genérico derivado del griego clásico άστράγαλος y luego del Latín astrăgălus aplicado ya en la antigüedad, entre otras cosas, a algunas plantas de la familia Fabaceae, debido a la forma cúbica de sus semillas parecidas a un hueso del pie.[4]

bibullatus: epíteto del latín bi y bullatus que significa "con doble superficie ampollada o arrugada".[5]

Referencias

  1. «Astragalus bibullatus». NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Archivado desde el original el 2 de junio de 2008. Consultado el 2 de mayo de 2008.
  2. Baskauf, C. J.; Snapp, S. (1998). «Population genetics of the cedar glade endemic Astragalus bibullatus (Fabaceae) using isozymes». Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (Missouri Botanical Garden Press) 85 (1): 90-96. JSTOR 2991999. doi:10.2307/2991999. Archivado desde el original el 20 de mayo de 2006.
  3. «Astragalus bibullatus». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 22 de marzo de 2013.
  4. Astragalus en Flora Ibérica
  5. En Nombres Botánicos

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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Astragalus bibullatus es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia de las leguminosas. Es originaria de Norteamérica.

 src= Vista de la planta
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Astragalus bibullatus

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Astragalus bibullatus est une espèce végétale de la famille des Fabaceae. Cette espèce est endémique des États-Unis.

Description

 src=
Fruits d'Astragalus bibullatus

Cette astragale est une plante herbacée pérenne.

Répartition et habitat

Cette astragale pousse aux États-Unis, plus précisément dans le Tennessee où elle est endémique.

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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary

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Astragalus bibullatus est une espèce végétale de la famille des Fabaceae. Cette espèce est endémique des États-Unis.

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Astragalus bibullatus ( indonésien )

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Astragalus bibullatus adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Fabaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Fabales. Spesies Astragalus bibullatus sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Astragalus. [1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Barneby & E.L.Bridges.

Referensi

  1. ^ "Astragalus". The Plant List. Diakses tanggal 8 September 2018.




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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary ( indonésien )

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Astragalus bibullatus adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Fabaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Fabales. Spesies Astragalus bibullatus sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Astragalus. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Barneby & E.L.Bridges.

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Astragalus bibullatus ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Astragalus bibullatus is een plant uit de vlinderbloemenfamilie (Leguminosae). De soort is endemisch in Tennessee, waar deze voorkomt in cedar glades in het Central Basin in Rutherford County. In dezelfde habitat komt Astragalus tennesseensis voor.

Het is een laagblijvende, overblijvende, kruidachtige plant met een penwortel. De plant vormt vijf tot tien gladde, dunne, 5-15 cm lange stengels. De bladeren zijn afwisselend geplaatst en zijn oneven geveerd in negentien tot zevenentwintig kleine deelblaadjes. De plant bloeit in april en mei. De rechtopgaande stelen van de bloeiwijzen zijn 5-8 cm lang. De bloeiwijzen bestaan uit tien tot zestien paarse erwtachtige bloemen. De plant vormt in mei en juni vruchten. Gedurende de ontwikkeling van de vruchten, buigt de steel van de vrucht naar de grond. De vruchten zijn rijp oranjerode (zonzijde) en gele (grondzijde), bolvormige, 1,5-2,5 x 1,2-1,8 cm grote peulvruchten. Gedurende de zomer drogen de vruchten in tot stijve, tweekleppige, papierachtige, grijzig bruine peulen met kleine, afgeplatte, zwarte zaden.

De plant wordt in zijn hele verspreidingsgebied bedreigd door verandering van zijn habitat, industriële ontwikkelingen, terreinwagens en overbegrazing. Volgens onderzoek hebben de drie bestaande populaties een lage genetische diversiteit. De genetische diversiteit in zaadbanken zou groter zijn.

In de Verenigde Staten maakt de plant deel uit van de National Collection of Endangered Plants. De Missouri Botanical Garden zorgt namens het Center for Plant Conservation voor de bescherming van de plant.

Galerij

Bronnen

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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Astragalus bibullatus is een plant uit de vlinderbloemenfamilie (Leguminosae). De soort is endemisch in Tennessee, waar deze voorkomt in cedar glades in het Central Basin in Rutherford County. In dezelfde habitat komt Astragalus tennesseensis voor.

Het is een laagblijvende, overblijvende, kruidachtige plant met een penwortel. De plant vormt vijf tot tien gladde, dunne, 5-15 cm lange stengels. De bladeren zijn afwisselend geplaatst en zijn oneven geveerd in negentien tot zevenentwintig kleine deelblaadjes. De plant bloeit in april en mei. De rechtopgaande stelen van de bloeiwijzen zijn 5-8 cm lang. De bloeiwijzen bestaan uit tien tot zestien paarse erwtachtige bloemen. De plant vormt in mei en juni vruchten. Gedurende de ontwikkeling van de vruchten, buigt de steel van de vrucht naar de grond. De vruchten zijn rijp oranjerode (zonzijde) en gele (grondzijde), bolvormige, 1,5-2,5 x 1,2-1,8 cm grote peulvruchten. Gedurende de zomer drogen de vruchten in tot stijve, tweekleppige, papierachtige, grijzig bruine peulen met kleine, afgeplatte, zwarte zaden.

De plant wordt in zijn hele verspreidingsgebied bedreigd door verandering van zijn habitat, industriële ontwikkelingen, terreinwagens en overbegrazing. Volgens onderzoek hebben de drie bestaande populaties een lage genetische diversiteit. De genetische diversiteit in zaadbanken zou groter zijn.

In de Verenigde Staten maakt de plant deel uit van de National Collection of Endangered Plants. De Missouri Botanical Garden zorgt namens het Center for Plant Conservation voor de bescherming van de plant.

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Astragalus bibullatus ( vietnamien )

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Astragalus bibullatus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được Barneby & E.L.Bridges miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Astragalus bibullatus. NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Truy cập ngày 2 tháng 5 năm 2008.
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Astragalus bibullatus. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Astragalus bibullatus: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Astragalus bibullatus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được Barneby & E.L.Bridges miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.

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