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Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.

Associations ( anglais )

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Foodplant / sap sucker
Acyrthosiphon pisum sucks sap of live Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Allophylaria clavuliformis is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 10-3

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Arge ciliaris grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked, sclerotial apothecium of Botryotinia fuckeliana is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Brunnipila clandestina is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Calycellina spiraeae is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-9

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph of Chalara urceolata is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Claremontia tenuicornis grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Coremiella dematiaceous anamorph of Coremiella cubispora is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 7-10
Other: major host/prey

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus labiatus may be found on Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 3-11

Foodplant / feeds on
immersed perithecium of Cryptodiaporthe lirella feeds on patchily blackened stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 9-10

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Cylindrotrichum dematiaceous anamorph of Cylindrotrichum oligospermum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-9

Foodplant / gall
larva of Dasineura spiraeae causes gall of inflorescence of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Dictyosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Dictyosporium toruloides is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Discocistella grevillei is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria alector grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria baltica grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria pumila grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Erysiphe ulmariae parasitises live Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Galerucella tenella grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Hartigia xanthostoma feeds within stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Helotium consobrinum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 6-10

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyalopeziza millepunctata is saprobic on dead, standing stem (near base) of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-9

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Hyaloscypha herbarum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 11-2

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hymenoscyphus repandus is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-10

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Hymenoscyphus scutula is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 9-11

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked (often rather long) apothecium of Hymenoscyphus vitellinus is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 7-10

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent apothecium of Lachnum aeruginellum is saprobic on dead, rotting stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 10-11

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Lachnum nudipes is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-8

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Lasiobelonium nidulum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-6
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
subcuticular conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph of Leptostroma spiraeae is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 1-6

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph of Leptostroma spiraeinum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 3-6

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph of Menispora britannica is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 9-11

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph of Menispora ciliata is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Moellerodiscus tenuistipes is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia fuscostriata is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-8
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Mollisiopsis lanceolata is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-8

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, scattered on in small groups, thinly subiculate perithecium of Nectria ellisii is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-12

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Orsodacne cerasi feeds on anther of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-9

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph of Periconia britannica is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Phialina ulmariae is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 6-10

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph of Phragmocephala elliptica is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-10

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph of Phragmocephala prolifera is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 9

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Phyllobius pomaceus feeds on Filipendula ulmaria
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
scattered, often few or solitary pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta ulmariae causes spots on live leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pleurophragmium dematiaceous anamorph of Pleurophragmium parvisporum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Podosphaera aphanis parasitises live leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 6+

Foodplant / parasite
Podosphaera spiraeae parasitises deformed, live Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
subsessile apothecium of Psilachnum rubrotinctum is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 6

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Pyrenopeziza millegrana is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Pyrenopeziza pulveracea is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5-6

Foodplant / parasite
Ramularia anamorph of Ramularia spiraeae parasitises live leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / spot causer
hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph of Ramularia ulmariae causes spots on live leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Rhogogaster chlorosoma grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
sclerotium of Scleromitrula spiraeicola is saprobic on rotting leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / spot causer
mostly hypophyllous, blackish, densely aggregated in clusters and around leaf margin pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria quevillensis causes spots on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 6-8

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph of Sporidesmium eupatoriicola is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 3-10

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph of Stachybotrys dichroa is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-9

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo ferruginea grazes on leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Tremellodendropsis tuberosa is saprobic on rootstock of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / parasite
pycnium of Triphragmium ulmariae parasitises leaf of Filipendula ulmaria

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph of Triposporium elegans is saprobic on dead, often grey or purple stained stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Unguicularia incarnatina is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 4-7

Foodplant / parasite
embedded sorus of Urocystis filipendulae parasitises live radical leaf (midrib) of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 5
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
pseudothecium of Wentiomyces is saprobic on dead stem of Filipendula ulmaria
Remarks: season: 7

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Description ( anglais )

fourni par eFloras
Plants 80–100 cm tall. Stems sulcate, glabrous. Stipules green, semicordate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate; petiole glabrous; leaf blade pinnate, with 2–5 pairs of leaflets, abaxially white tomentose, sometimes a few basal leaflets glabrescent, adaxially glabrous; terminal leaflet 3–5-lobed, slightly smaller to slightly larger than lateral ones, lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, margin doubly serrate or slightly lobed, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets oblong-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, base rounded, margin doubly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate. Flowers bisexual, ca. 5 mm in diam.; pedicel sparsely pubescent. Sepals ovate, densely pubescent abaxially, apex obtuse or acute. Petals white, obovate. Achenes attached to receptacle adaxially near base, subsessile, spirally contorted and appearing united. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 14.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of China Vol. 9: 195 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Habitat & Distribution ( anglais )

fourni par eFloras
Mountain thickets, meadows, river banks. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia; C and SW Asia, Europe].
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of China Vol. 9: 195 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
rédacteur
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projet
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym ( anglais )

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Spiraea ulmaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 490. 1753.
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droit d’auteur
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of China Vol. 9: 195 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
rédacteur
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projet
eFloras.org
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visiter la source
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eFloras

Comprehensive Description ( anglais )

fourni par North American Flora
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. Acta Hort
Petrop. 6: 251. 1879.
Spiraea Ulmaria L. Sp. Pi. 490. 1753. Ulmaria SpiraeaUlmaria Hill, Hort. Kew. 214. 1768. Ulmaria palustris Moench., Meth. 663. 1794. Spiraea pa lustris Salisb. Prodr. 364. 1796. Spiraea odorata S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2 : 589. 1821. ? Thecanisia discolor Raf. New Fl. 2 : 39. 1837 Thecanisia Ulmaria Raf. Sylva Tell. 152. 1838. Ulmaria Ulmaria Barnh. Bull. Torrey Club 21 : 491. 1894.
Stem angled or grooved, 6-20 dm. high, often purple-tinged and puberulent, branched above ; leaves interrupted-pin nati sect, with 3-11 larger divisions and smaller ones interposed, finely puberuleut or glabrate above, white-tomentulose beneath ; terminal division 3~5-cleft, double-serrate; the lateral ones ovate, acute, 2-8 cm. long; inflorescence 1-2 dm. long, paniculate-cymose, with the lower branches elongate; sepals 4-6, ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, puberulent; petals white or greenishwhite ; blades rounded-oval, 2-3 mm. long; achenes about 10, semicordate at the base, slightly laterally affixed, spirally twisted, 3-4 mm. long ; seed oval.
Type locality : Wet meadows of Europe.
Distribution : Europe and northern Asia ; escaped from gardens in eastern North America from the lower St. I^awrence to Massachusetts.
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citation bibliographique
Frederick Vernon Coville, Nathaniel Lord Britton, Henry Allan Gleason, John Kunkel Small, Charles Louis Pollard, Per Axel Rydberg. 1908. GROSSULARIACEAE, PLATANACEAE, CROSSOSOMATACEAE, CONNARACEAE, CALYCANTHACEAE, and ROSACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 22(3). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Filipendula ulmaria ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

Filipendula ulmaria, commonly known as meadowsweet[1] or mead wort,[2] is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows. It is native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia (Near east and Middle east). It has been introduced and naturalised in North America.

Meadowsweet has also been referred to as queen of the meadow,[1] pride of the meadow, meadow-wort, meadow queen, lady of the meadow, dollof, meadsweet, and bridewort.

Description

Filipendula ulmaria Sturm12.jpg

The stems, growing up to 120 cm, are 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) tall, erect and furrowed, reddish to sometimes purple. The leaves are dark-green on the upper side and whitish and downy underneath, much divided, interruptedly pinnate, having a few large serrate leaflets and small intermediate ones. Terminal leaflets are large, 4–8 cm long, and three- to five-lobed.

Meadowsweet has delicate, graceful, creamy-white flowers clustered close together in irregularly-branched cymes, having a very strong, sweet smell redolent of antiseptic.[3] They flower from early summer to early autumn and are visited by various types of insects, in particular Musca flies.[4]

The flowers are small and numerous, they show 5 sepals and 5 petals with 7 to 20 stamens.[5]

Diseases

Many insects and fungi cause disease in meadowsweet.[6]

The meadowsweet rust gall on leaf midrib

Meadowsweet leaves are commonly galled by the bright orange-rust fungus Triphragmium ulmariae, which creates swellings and distortions on the stalk and/or midrib.[7]

The fungus Ramularia ulmariae causes purple blotches on the leaves.

The fungus Podosphaera filipendulae causes mildew on the leaves and flower heads, coating them with a white powder.[8]

The midge Dasineura ulmariae causes pinkish-white galls on the leaves that can distort the leaf surface.[9]

Etymology

The English common name meadowsweet dates from the 16th century. It did not originally mean 'sweet plant of the meadow', but a plant used for sweetening or flavouring mead. An earlier common name dating from the 15th century was 'meadsweet' [10]

Meadowsweet is known by many other names. In Chaucer's The Knight's Tale it is known as meadwort and was one of the ingredients in a drink called "save".[11] It was also known as bridewort, because it was strewn in churches for festivals and weddings, and often made into bridal garlands. In Europe, it took its name "queen of the meadow" for the way it can dominate a low-lying, damp meadow.

The specific epithet ulmaria means "elmlike", possibly in reference to its individual leaves which resemble those of the elm (Ulmus). The generic name, Filipendula, comes from filum, meaning "thread" and pendulus, meaning "hanging". This is said to describe the slender attachment of root tubers, which hang characteristically on the genus, on fibrous roots.[12]

Synonyms

Filipendula denudata (J.Presl & C.Presl) Fritsch[13]

Distribution

Wild meadowsweet in Wharfedale, near Conistone, North Yorkshire, England

Meadowsweet is common throughout the British Isles[5] in damp areas and is dominant in fens and wet woods.[14][15]

Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow and Purple moor grass and rush pastures BAP habitat plant associations of Western Europe consistently include this plant.[16]

Uses

The whole herb possesses a pleasant taste and flavour, the green parts having a similar aromatic character to the flowers, hence the use of the plant as a strewing herb, strewn on floors to give the rooms a pleasant aroma, and its use to flavour wine, beer, and many kinds of vinegar. The flowers can be added to stewed fruit and jams, giving them a subtle almond flavour. Some foragers also use the flowers to flavour desserts such as panna cotta. It has many medicinal properties. The whole plant is a traditional remedy for an acidic stomach, and the fresh root is often used in homeopathic preparations. The dried flowers are used in potpourri. It is also a frequently used spice in Scandinavian varieties of mead.

Chemical constituents include salicin, flavone glycosides, essential oils, and tannins. In 1838, Raffaele Piria obtained salicylic acid from the buds of meadowsweet.[17] Thereafter in 1899, scientists at the firm Bayer used salicylic acid derived from meadowsweet to synthesise acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), which was named after the old botanical name for meadowsweet, Spiraea ulmaria. The name then became aspirin.[18]

A natural black dye can be obtained from the roots by using a copper mordant.

A tea made from Filipendula ulmaria flowers or leaves has been used in traditional Austrian herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, gout, infections, and fever.[19]

Culture

White-flowered meadowsweet has been found with the cremated remains of three people and at least one animal in a Bronze Age cairn at Fan Foel, Carmarthenshire. Similar finds have also been found inside a beaker from Ashgrove, Fife,[20] and a vessel from North Mains, Strathallan. These could indicate honey-based mead or flavoured ale, or might suggest that the plant was placed on the grave as a scented flower.[21]

In Welsh mythology, Gwydion and Math created a woman out of oak blossom, broom, and meadowsweet and named her Blodeuwedd ("flower face").

In the 16th century, when it was customary to strew floors with rushes and herbs (both to give warmth underfoot and to overcome smells and infections), it was a favorite of Elizabeth I of England. She desired it above all other herbs in her chambers.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b "Filipendula ulmaria". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  2. ^ Richard Chandler Alexander Prior (1863). On the popular names of British plants: being an explanation of the origin and meaning of the names of our indigenous and most commonly cultivated species. Williams and Norgate.
  3. ^ Poland J, Clement EJ. 2020. The Vegetative Key to the British Flora. John Poland, Southampton, Second Edition. ISBN 978-0-9560-1442-9
  4. ^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
  5. ^ a b Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783
  6. ^ Ellis, Willem N. "Filipendula ulmaria meadowsweet". Plant Parasites of Europe leafminers, galls and fungi. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  7. ^ Ericson, L.; Burdon, J. J.; Müller, W. J. (2002). "The Rust Pathogen Triphragmium ulmariae as a Selective Force Affecting Its Host, Filipendula ulmaria". Journal of Ecology. 90 (1): 167–178. doi:10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00648.x. ISSN 0022-0477. JSTOR 3072329. S2CID 84898900.
  8. ^ Ellis, Willem N. "Podosphaera filipendulae (Zhao) Liu & Braun, 2010". Plant Parasites of Europe - leafminers, galls and fungi. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  9. ^ Nijveldt, W. 1969. Gall Midges of Economic Importance. Vol. 8. London: Crosby Lockwood.
  10. ^ Grigson G. 1974. A Dictionary of English Plant Names. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-71-390442-9
  11. ^ a b Mount T. 2015. Dragon Blood & Willow Bark. The Mysteries of Medieval Medicine. Amberley Publishing Limited ISBN 1-44-564383-9
  12. ^ Gledhill D. 1985. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-5213-6675-5
  13. ^ "Filipendula denudata (J.Presl & C.Presl) Fritsch". www.worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  14. ^ Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E. F. 1973. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4
  15. ^ Hackney, P. (Ed) 1992. Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies and the Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 0-85389-446-9
  16. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Marsh Thistle: Cirsium palustre, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg "Marsh Thistle (Cirsium palustre ) - photo/Images/Information - GlobalTwitcher.com". Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  17. ^ Bandurska H. 2013. Salicylic acid: an update on biosynthesis and action in plant response to water deficit and performance under drought. In: Salicylic acid (pp. 1-14). Springer, Dordrecht
  18. ^ Ansari MS, Misra N. 2007. Miraculous role of salicylic acid in plant and animal system. American Journal of Plant Physiology 2(1): 51 - 58.
  19. ^ Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, and Kopp B. 2013. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine — An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 149(3): 750 - 771.
  20. ^ "myADS" (PDF). Archaeology Data Service. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
  21. ^ M. Pitts (2006). Meadowsweet flowers in prehistoric graves. British Archaeology 88 (May/June): 6

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Filipendula ulmaria: Brief Summary ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

Filipendula ulmaria, commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows. It is native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia (Near east and Middle east). It has been introduced and naturalised in North America.

Meadowsweet has also been referred to as queen of the meadow, pride of the meadow, meadow-wort, meadow queen, lady of the meadow, dollof, meadsweet, and bridewort.

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