Martynia is a monotypic genus in the Martyniaceae family consisting of a single species, Martynia annua L., which is commonly known as cat's claw, tiger's claw, iceplant.[1] or Devil's claw.[2] However, the name 'iceplant' may also refer to members of the unrelated plant family Aizoaceae.
It is native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and has been introduced throughout the tropics.[1][3] It is now quite common in rural areas of India.
Martynia is used for making beads and ornaments,[1] and has a history of folk medicine uses in the Indian subcontinent.[4]
Martynia is an erect, somewhat shrubby annual plant about 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall, covered with glandular hairs, and has ovate, mucilaginous leaves 8–20 centimetres (3.1–7.9 in) wide and 6–19 centimetres (2.4–7.5 in) long.[4] The leaves are opposite, and have red petioles. They resemble sticky rhubarb. Its flowers are pale pink and tubular, and have nectar guides and purple spots. Fruits become blackened when ripe and have hooked spines at the tip, lending its name "cat's claw" or "tiger's claw".[4] They stick to animal fur and eventually the seeds fall out as the fruit gets crushed by the animal's feet.
The genus and species were first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 publication, Species Plantarum, although the modern taxonomic definition may not correspond with the original Linnaeus description, instead being a synonym for Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thellung,[5] as well as other names used in India.[4]
Martynia was collected by the Scottish naval surgeon William Houstoun near Veracruz, Mexico. Houstoun sent seeds of this new plant to Philip Miller, chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden, in 1731. Houstoun named the plant, Martynia, in honor of a professor of botany at Cambridge, John Martyn. The plant was described in Martyn's work Historia Plantarum Rariorum, with a full description and illustration.
Martyn gave the species the following descriptive name: Martynia annua villosa et viscosa, folio subrotundo, flore magno rubro.[5] In India, it has several taxonomic synonyms and common names.[4]
Martynia is widely naturalized across subtropical and tropical world regions, particularly in Central America and the Indian subcontinent.[1][4] It is typically found in uncultivated fields and arable lands from plains to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).[4]
The plant is used for making beads and other native ornaments.[1] It has been applied for numerous supposed treatments in Ayurveda and Siddha folk medicine.[4]
Martynia is a monotypic genus in the Martyniaceae family consisting of a single species, Martynia annua L., which is commonly known as cat's claw, tiger's claw, iceplant. or Devil's claw. However, the name 'iceplant' may also refer to members of the unrelated plant family Aizoaceae.
It is native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and has been introduced throughout the tropics. It is now quite common in rural areas of India.
Martynia is used for making beads and ornaments, and has a history of folk medicine uses in the Indian subcontinent.
Martynia es un género de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Martyniaceae se le conoce también por el nombre común de Uña de Gato. Comprende 21 especies descritas y de estas, solo 4 aceptadas.[1]
Son hierbas de hasta 2.5 m de alto, con ramificaciones bifurcadas. Hojas opuestas, disminuyendo de tamaño hacia el ápice, ampliamente ovadas y levemente 3–5- anguladas, ápice angulado, base truncada, dentadas o denticuladas; pecíolos acanalados, hasta 20 cm de largo. Inflorescencias racimos terminales de 10–20 flores, en cada axila de las ramas; sépalos libres, elípticos a obovados, 15–25 mm de largo, membranáceos y cartáceos, bractéolas foliosas, lanceolado-elípticas, membranáceas; corola campanulado-infundibuliforme, blanca matizada de rosado o lila, nectarostigmas amarillos, cada lobo con una mancha morado obscura; estambres 2, estaminodios 3, 1 corto (3 mm) y 2 largos (10 mm). Fruto una cápsula drupácea, ovoide, café obscura, gris o negra, pectinada dorsalmente, indehiscente, con 2 ganchos terminales de 5–8 mm de largo; semillas 2–6 por fruto, angostamente elípticas, negras, testa papirácea y rugosa.[2]
El género fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 618. 1753.[2] La especie tipo es: Martynia annua L.
Martynia: nombre genérico que fue otorgado en honor del botánico John Martyn.[3][4]
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Martynia aceptadas hasta julio de 2015, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.
Martynia es un género de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Martyniaceae se le conoce también por el nombre común de Uña de Gato. Comprende 21 especies descritas y de estas, solo 4 aceptadas.
Martinija (lat. Martynia), biljni rod iz porodice martinijevki. Dvije vrste u njemu su M. annua iz Srednje i Antila i M. palmeri sa poluotoka California. M. annua uvezena je i u neke tropske države Afrike i Azije.[1]
Biljka je ljekovita, a u Indiji gdje se naturalizirala tradicionalni iscjelitelji koriste je u liječenju epilepsije, upale grla, opekotina, svrbeža, tuberkuloze i drugih bolesti.
M. annua sadrži alkaloide, tanine, saponine, glikozide, flavonoide, antocijanine, aminokiseline, steroide i fenole. [2]
M. annua
M. annua
M. annua, plodovi
Martinija (lat. Martynia), biljni rod iz porodice martinijevki. Dvije vrste u njemu su M. annua iz Srednje i Antila i M. palmeri sa poluotoka California. M. annua uvezena je i u neke tropske države Afrike i Azije.
Biljka je ljekovita, a u Indiji gdje se naturalizirala tradicionalni iscjelitelji koriste je u liječenju epilepsije, upale grla, opekotina, svrbeža, tuberkuloze i drugih bolesti.
M. annua sadrži alkaloide, tanine, saponine, glikozide, flavonoide, antocijanine, aminokiseline, steroide i fenole.
M. annua
M. annua
M. annua, plodovi
Martynia L. é um género botânico pertencente à família Martyniaceae.[1]
Martynia aculeata Martynia alternifolia Martynia altheaefolia Martynia angulosa Martynia annua Martynia arenaria Martynia botterii Martynia capensis Martynia caulescens Martynia confusa Martynia craniolaria Martynia diandra Martynia driandra Martynia fallax Martynia fragrans Martynia fruticosa Martynia hirsuta Martynia integrifolia Martynia jussieui Martynia lanceolata Martynia longiflora Martynia louisiana Martynia louisianica Martynia lutea Martynia montevidensis Martynia nelsoniana Martynia pallida Martynia palmeri Martynia parviflora Martynia perennis Martynia proboscidea Martynia sinaloensis Martynia spathacea Martynia speciosa Martynia triloba Martynia unguis Martynia violacea Martynia zanguebarica
Мартиния (лат. Martynia) — род растений, включённый в семейство Мартиниевые (Martyniaceae). Согласно современным представлениям, включает один вид — Мартиния однолетняя (Martynia annua). Типовой род семейства.
Род Мартиния был назван в честь английского ботаника Джона Мартина (англ. John Martyn), первым создавшего подробное описание этого растения в своей книге Historia Plantarum Rariorum. Видовой эпитет «annua» означает «однолетняя».
Мартиния — однолетнее травянистое растение с полым прямостоячим, сильно ветвистым стеблем, достигающим 50—120 см в высоту. Листья с пильчатым краем, расположены супротивно, на длинных черешках, липкие, широко-эллипсоидальной формы, до 25 см длиной. Все части растения густо покрыты железистым опушением. Соцветия кистевидные, располагаются на концах побегов, включают 10—20 цветков. Цветки с пятью свободными чашелистиками. Венчик окрашен в беловатые, розоватые, тёмно-красные или тёмно-фиолетовые тона, с красно-сиреневыми пятнышками. Пыльцеобразующих тычинок две, пыльники белого цвета. Плод — крупная твёрдая коробочка яйцевидной формы с коротким роговидным отростком. Число хромосом 2n=32.
Естественный ареал Мартинии — Центральная Америка. Этот вид также завезён в Европу, Азию, Африку и Австралию.
Мартиния (лат. Martynia) — род растений, включённый в семейство Мартиниевые (Martyniaceae). Согласно современным представлениям, включает один вид — Мартиния однолетняя (Martynia annua). Типовой род семейства.
