Dryopteris sandwicensis (Hook. & Arn.) C. Chr.

This fern is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Blade color at time of observation was lighter than typical, perhaps due to age. Indusia are absent. Dark brown scales observed at base of stipes. Elevation in photo: 3820 ft.

This fern is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Blade color at time of observation was lighter than typical, perhaps due to age. Indusia are absent. Dark brown scales observed at base of stipes. Elevation in photo: 3820 ft.

This fern is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Blade color at time of observation was lighter than typical, perhaps due to age. Indusia are absent. Dark brown scales observed at base of stipes. Elevation in photo: 3820 ft.

Endemic to Hawaiian Islands. This group was growing on the edge of a steam vent on the Kilauea rim, around 3900 ft.