Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.);
www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7)
www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.
Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
Tricholomopsis decora Prunes and CustardSlo.: lina trhlenkaDat.: Oct. 24. 2011Lat.: 46.32960 Long.: 13.52489Code: Bot_565/2011_DSC0456 Habitat: Mixed wood: Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus excelsior, etc; flat terrain, shallow forest soil layer, probably somewhat acid, old consolidated river deposit, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fallen rotten trunk of a small Pinus nigra.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, on the terrace east of Bovec golf playground, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Several fruitbodies on the log, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (3.5 inch), taste and smell indistinctive, SP white with faint pink tint (oac795), cup golden-yellow (oac852), gills deep golden (oac811), stipe concolorous with gills, lighter at the base. Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.4 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot. (2)
www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_decora.html .(3)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholomopsis_decora.htm .(4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.
Clitocybe nebularisCloudy Clitocybe, Nebelkappe, Herbstblattl Slo.: poprhnjena livkaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.34999 Long.: 13.68182Code: Bot_400/2009-0646Habitat: mossy upland grassland with scattered Picea abies, Juniperus comm unis Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, etc., fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Picea abies, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Lemovlje settlement, above Soa village, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 7,2 (SD=0,6) x 4,0 (SD=0,3) micr, n= 30. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print light gray-ocher with a slight tint of green, taste mild, unpleasant, smell rank, a kind of mushroomy but very specific. Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot
www.gobenabovskem.si/. J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 162R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 210D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 159.
Tricholoma lascivum (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul.Aromatic Knight, DE: Unverschmte Ritterling,Widerlicher RitterlingSlo.: golobija kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 18. 2010Lat.: 46.34299 Long.: 13.56724Code: Bot_470/2010_IMG3091Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northeast of Mala vas, near a small stream, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: "Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species".This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spores were much too small for it. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4)
www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.