Melanoleuca subbrevipes Mtrod, Revue Mycol., Paris 7(2-4): 90 (1942), syn.: Melanoleuca grammopodia (Bull.) MurrillSlo.: iroka gostolistka, tenkobetna gostolistkaDate: Oct. 10. 2009Lat.: 46.30088 Long.: 13.41864Code: Bot_390/2009-6210Habitat: Steep mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, north oriented, relatively cool place, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, locally flat calcareous ground covered with a thick layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil covered with a thick layer of dead leaves. Place: North slopes of Mt. Kobariki Stol ridge, north of Mt. Gabrovec, 1,630 m (5.348 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing in groups, circles, lines. Many specimens present. Flesh brittle and watery, hut surface shiny somewhat waxy, gills dense and narrow. All specimens shown are quite old. White tomentum visible on some mushrooms is another fungus or mould species attaching M. subbrevipes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication Mr. Anton Poler and Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si/ (2) A.Poler, D.Vraj, A.Boh, Seznam Gliv Slovenije (Checklist of Fungi of Slovenia), Ed. A.Poler, Association of Mycological Societies of Slovenia, second edition (1998) p 49(3) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 154(4) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 309.
Melanoleuca subalpina, (Britz.) Bresinsky & Stangl., Melanoleuca evenosa ss. Konr., Melanoleuca strictipes ss. Khn, Tricholoma cnistass. Bres.EN: ?, DE: ?Slo.: tenkobetna gostolistka (assuming Melanoleuca strictipes and Melanoleuca alpina are synonyms) (Melanoleuca alpina is not listed in SI checklist)Dat.: Aug. 1. 2014Lat.: 46.44223 Long.: 13.63734Code: Bot_820/2014_DSC2416Habitat: east inclined moderately steep alpine grassland, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature about 0 deg C, elevation 2.030 m (6.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mangart's flats, just below ez jezik pass, east of Mt. Skala, 2.133 m (6.996 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: At least three names can be found in literature in connection with relatively large, more or less whitish Melanoleuca species growing at alpine elevations - Melanoleuca subalpina, Melanoleuca evenosa and Melanoleuca strictipes. Taxonomy of these taxa seems to me messy; to my knowledge no monograph dedicated to this genus is available. Some authors, including Index Fungorum, consider these names as separate species; some consider them as synonyms (for example Breitenbach (1991)). Ref.: 1. considers Melanoleuca subalpina and Melanoleuca evenosa synonyms and Melanoleuca strictipes a separate species. Ref.:3. considers Melanoleuca evenosa and Melanoleuca strictipes as synonyms. In literature data about spore dimensions also contradicts.The find shown corresponds excellently to the description of Melanoleuca subalpina given in Dhncke (2009), hence I decided for it. Since pilei diameters of this observation in average equal or exceed stipe length this should be Melanoleuca alpina and not Melanoleuca strictipes (ss. Ref.4) (assuming both are separate species). However measured spore dimensions of this find do not fit to data given in Dhncke (2009), but they fit well to Breitenbach (1991) and Bresinsky (1977) and also to other sources (assuming Melanoleuca strictipes and Melanoleuca subalpina are synonyms). More and more I value Arora's advise that '... exact identities of closely related Melanoleuca-s are best left to Melanoleuca-masters'.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei in an area of about 4 x 4 m; pileus diameter 6-8(16) cm, hygrophanous to some extent; stipe shorter or equal to pileus diameter (see Ref.3.); taste mild; smell mild but characteristic, may be slightly on vegetable or turnips?; flesh brittle and watery, fibrous in stipe, SP abundant, beige, oac851.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8.4 [9 ; 9.3] 9.8 x 4.3 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.1 microns, Q = 1.8 [1.9 ; 2] 2.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 9.1 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R. M. Dhncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 299. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 252. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 376. (4) A. Bresinsky, J. Stangl, Beitragezur Revision M. Brizelmeyrs: Hymenomyceten aus (5) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 171. (6) G.L. Bue, F. Montacchini, A.Ceruti, Macromycetes of the Alpine Belt: Mycocoenological investigations in the Western Italian Alps by Multivariable Methods, Coenoses (1994) 9(3),
Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.);
www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7)
www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.
Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
Clitocybe nebularisCloudy Clitocybe, Nebelkappe, Herbstblattl Slo.: poprhnjena livkaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.34999 Long.: 13.68182Code: Bot_400/2009-0646Habitat: mossy upland grassland with scattered Picea abies, Juniperus comm unis Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, etc., fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Picea abies, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Lemovlje settlement, above Soa village, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 7,2 (SD=0,6) x 4,0 (SD=0,3) micr, n= 30. Spore print light gray-ocher with a slight tint of green, taste mild, unpleasant, smell rank, a kind of mushroomy but very specific. Ref.:personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot
www.gobenabovskem.si/. J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 162R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 210D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 159.
Tricholoma lascivum (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul.Aromatic Knight, DE: Unverschmte Ritterling,Widerlicher RitterlingSlo.: golobija kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 18. 2010Lat.: 46.34299 Long.: 13.56724Code: Bot_470/2010_IMG3091Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northeast of Mala vas, near a small stream, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: "Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species".This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spores were much too small for it. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4)
www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.
Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Qul.) Kotl., syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct.Bitter False Funnelcap, DE: Bitterer Krempenritterling, Bitterer KrempentrichterlingSlo.: grenka velepodvihankaDat.: Oct. 10. 2010Lat.: 46.33785 Long.: 13.49926Code: Bot_467/2010_IMG2973Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, southeast slopes of Mt. Kanin Mountain group, between the dirt road to station B of Kanin cable car and the forest road toward Mt. Kopa Mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopa... (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8)
www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)