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Comments ( anglais )

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The characteristics distinguishing Echinocereus engelmannii from E. fasciculatus to the east are poorly documented, and W. Blum et al. (1998) combined the two as separate subspecies of E. engelmannii. Historically, E. engelmannii has been characterized as having the abaxial central spine in each areole particularly long, pale, and strongly compressed dorsiventrally (sharply angled, hence daggerlike), contrasting with the other spines. In practice that trait is not always diagnostic. Plants called Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis L. D. Benson are essentially morphologically and geographically intermediate between those referred to E. fasciculatus and E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.

The history of confusion with Echinocereus nicholii has resulted in misidentification of yellow-spined individuals of E. engelmannii.

Spine color polymorphism, common within Echinocereus engelmannii, provided the original basis for varieties chrysocentrus and purpureus. The well-marked, identifiable extremes often occur in populations that include individuals easily assigned to other named varieties, or not assignable to any. L. D. Benson (1969, 1982) and subsequent authors (e.g., N. P. Taylor 1985; W. Blum et al. 1998) have attempted to recognize infraspecific taxa within E. engelmannii. However, one of those is clearly a distinct species (E. nicholii), while the remainder are either too poorly defined or too poorly known to treat fully here. At higher elevations beyond the western edge of the desert, E. engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) P. Pierce & Fosberg has been distinguished by its curving, twisting, gray spines, somewhat resembling spines of westernmost plants of E. triglochidiatus var. mojavensis. Plants of the western Sonoran Desert margin in the Mexican boundary region in California are the typical E. engelmannii var. engelmannii. Similar plants from the opposite, eastern, side of the Sonoran Desert, in Arizona, have been called E. engelmannii var. acicularis L. D. Benson. In the intervening Colorado River Valley is spinier E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Rümpler. In E. engelmannii var. acicularis at the lowest altitudes, central spines are usually four, in which cases taxonomic segregation from E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus seems arbitrary. At higher altitudes, plants of E. engelmannii var. acicularis with only one or two central spines per areole are frequent, and the abaxial central spine may be terete instead of angular and daggerlike as in E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus. The most formidably spiny extremes of the species were segregated as E. engelmannii vars. howei and armatus; however, other individuals in the original populations (type localities) are readily assigned to E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus. W. Blum et al. (1998) placed all of the above varieties under E. engelmannii subsp. engelmannii.

Plants smaller in all parts and with fewer central spines from north-central Arizona are Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) W. Blum & Mich. Lange. L. D. Benson (1969) referred those to var. variegatus (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Rümpler, but the type locality of var. variegatus is in a different region. The status of E. engelmannii var. purpureus L. D. Benson remains uncertain; its similarity to unidentified diploid material found in northern Arizona suggests that it could be a separate species, but more variable than its original diagnosis allowed.

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Description ( anglais )

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Plants 3-60-branched, ultimately forming somewhat open clumps. Stems mostly erect, cylindric or somewhat tapering distally, (5-)14-45(-70) × 3-9 cm; ribs 10-13, crests slightly undulate; areoles 6-10(-15) mm apart. Spines (8-)15-20 per areole, usually straight (curved and twisted in desert mountains and peninsular ranges of California), individual spines with broad zones of different colors: whitish or grayish, dull golden-yellow, or reddish brown to nearly black; radial spines 6-14 per areole, 8-20(-50) mm; central spines (2-)4-6(-9) per areole, divergent-porrect, 12-70 mm, abaxial central spine often fading whitish, flat to sharply angled (terete or nearly so in north-central Arizona). Flowers 6-9 × 5-9 cm; flower tube 13-30 × 10-30 mm; flower tube hairs 1 mm; inner tepals bright rose-pink to magenta, often varying from paler to darker in same population, proximally darker, 37-75 × (8-)14-25 mm, tips relatively thin, delicate; anthers yellow; nectar chamber 4-6 mm. Fruits red or orangish, 25-45 mm, pulp whitish be-coming infused with pink or red from the skin. 2n = 44.
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Distribution ( anglais )

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Ariz., Calif., Nev., Utah; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora).
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Flowering/Fruiting ( anglais )

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Flowering Mar-Apr; fruiting May-Jul.
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Habitat ( anglais )

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Sonoran and Mojave deserts, chaparral, pinyon-juniper woodlands; 200-2400m.
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Synonym ( anglais )

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Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann, Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14: 338. 1852 (as engelmanni); Echinocereus engelmannii var. armatus L. D. Benson; E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus(Engelmann & Bigelow) Rümpler;E. engelmannii var. howei L. D. Benson
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Echinocereus engelmannii ( allemand )

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 src=
Echinocereus engelmannii wächst im Joshua-Tree-Nationalpark vergesellschaftet mit der Josua-Palmlilie und Cylindropuntia bigelovii.

Echinocereus engelmannii ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Echinocereus aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton engelmannii ehrt den US-amerikanischen Botaniker George Engelmann.[1] Trivialnamen sind „Calico Cactus“, „Dagger-Spine Hedgehog“, „Engelmann’s Hedgehog“, „Indian Strawberry Hedgehog“, „Needle-Spine Hedgehog“, „Purple-Spined Hedgehog Cactus“ und „Strawberry Hedgehog“.

Beschreibung

Echinocereus engelmannii wächst von der Basis aus verzweigend und bildet offene bis kompakte Gruppen mit bis zu 60 Trieben, die Durchmesser bis von nahezu 1 Meter bilden. Die zylindrischen, grünen, von der dichten Bedornung weitestgehend verdeckten Triebe erreichen bei Durchmessern von 3,8 bis 8,7 Zentimetern Wuchshöhen von 5 bis 60 Zentimeter. Es sind zehn bis 13 kaum gehöckerte Rippen vorhanden. Die Dornen sind in Größe und Farbe sehr variabel. Die zwei bis sieben kantigen, kräftigen bis biegsamen, geraden bis verdrehten, meist spreizenden Mitteldornen sind bis zu 7 Zentimeter lang. Die sechs bis 14 eng an der Trieboberfläche anliegenden Randdornen weisen eine Länge von bis zu 2 Zentimeter auf.

Die kurz trichterförmigen Blüten sind etwas purpurrot bis magentafarbenen bis lavendelfarben und erscheinen in der oberen Hälfte der Triebe. Sie sind bis zu 9 Zentimeter lang und erreichen ebensolche Durchmesser. Die roten, saftigen und essbaren Früchte sind bis zu 3 Zentimeter lang und mit Areolen besetzt, die abfallen.

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung

Echinocereus engelmannii ist im Südwesten der Vereinigten Staaten und im Nordwesten Mexikos von Meeresspiegelhöhe bis in Höhenlagen von bis zu 2400 Meter verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung als Cereus engelmannii erfolgte 1852 durch George Engelmann.[2] Charles Lemaire stellte die Art 1868 in die Gattung Echinocereus.[3]

Es werden folgende Unterarten unterschieden:[4]

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt.[5]

Nutzung

Die Früchte werden vor Ort als Obst gegessen.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3, S. 76.
  2. George Engelmann: Notes on the Cereus giganteus of South Eastern California and some other Californian Cactaceae. In: American Journal of Science and Arts. 2. Folge, Band 14, 1852, S. 338 (online).
  3. Les Cactées. Histoire, Patrie Organes de Vegetation, Inflorescence Culture etc. Paris 1868, S. 56 (online).
  4. Nadja Korotkova, David Aquino, Salvador Arias, Urs Eggli, Alan Franck, Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa, Pablo C. Guerrero, Héctor M. Hernández, Andreas Kohlbecker, Matias Köhler, Katja Luther, Lucas C. Majure, Andreas Müller, Detlev Metzing, Reto Nyffeler, Daniel Sánchez, Boris Schlumpberger, Walter G. Berendsohn: Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family – Electronic supplement. In: Willdenowia. Band 51, Nr. 2, 2021, S. 92 (doi:10.3372/wi.51.51208).
  5. Echinocereus engelmannii in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2013.2. Eingestellt von: Burquez Montijo, A., Butterworth, C., Felger, R.S. & Porter, J.M., 2010. Abgerufen am 24. Januar 2014.

Weblinks

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Echinocereus engelmannii: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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 src= Echinocereus engelmannii wächst im Joshua-Tree-Nationalpark vergesellschaftet mit der Josua-Palmlilie und Cylindropuntia bigelovii.

Echinocereus engelmannii ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Echinocereus aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton engelmannii ehrt den US-amerikanischen Botaniker George Engelmann. Trivialnamen sind „Calico Cactus“, „Dagger-Spine Hedgehog“, „Engelmann’s Hedgehog“, „Indian Strawberry Hedgehog“, „Needle-Spine Hedgehog“, „Purple-Spined Hedgehog Cactus“ und „Strawberry Hedgehog“.

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Echinocereus engelmannii ( anglais )

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Detail of bloom, Strawberry Hedgehog

The strawberry hedgehog cactus or Engelmann's hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii)[1] is commonly found in desert areas of the southwestern United States and the adjacent areas of Mexico, including the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Baja California and Sonora.

Description

Engelmann's hedgehog cactus usually grows in clusters, sometimes up to 20 and more stems.[1] The bright magenta flowers bloom in April in its southern extremes to late May at northern locations. Flowers are borne at the upper half to one third of the stem and are funnelform in shape, up to 3.5 inches (8.9 centimetres) long with dark-green stigmas. The fruit is spiny. At first the fruit is green, becoming pink and drying when ripe. Ripe fruits have spines that are easily detached. Seeds are black and about a tenth of an inch in size.

Stems are initially cylindrical and erect in young plants, but later with the stem base lying on the ground. The stems are usually 1.5 to 3.5 inches (3.8 to 8.9 centimetres) in diameter and up to 25 inches (64 centimetres) high, and obscured by heavy spines. The plants have around 10 ribs, which are somewhat flattened and tuberculate.

Spines are variable in color and size. Radial spines are short and needlelike, up to 0.8 inches (2.0 centimetres) long, white, and arranged in a neat rosette. Central spines number 2 to 7 and are stout, usually twisted and angular, up to 3 inches (7.6 centimetres) long and variable in color: bright yellow, dark brown, grey, and white.

Origin and Habitat: Engelmann's hedgehog cactus is one of the most common species of cactus in the south-western USA (southern California, Arizona, southern Nevada, Utah) and Mexico (Baja California down to northern Baja California Sur, Sonora). There are a number of varieties of Echinocereus engelmannii, and some are rare. Altitude: From near sea level to 2400 meters. Habitat: It grows in different dry habitats normally in well drained deserts in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts, chaparral, pinyon-juniper woodlands, grass, and Great Basin shrub in flats with fine sand on the plain, washes and canyons in the desert, and also in gravelly, sandy, or rocky hillsides, and in mountain ranges. The rich flora and diverse vegetation of the area includes, among others, Ferocactus cylindraceus, Mammillaria microcarpa, Mammillaria tetrancistra, Echinocereus scopulorum, Fouquieria sp., Larrea tridentata, Cercidium microphyllum, Idria columnaris, Opuntia leptocaulis, Opuntia ramosissima, and Opuntia engelmannii. Engelmann's hedgehog cactus is abundant throughout its range.

Uses

Echinocereus engelmannii is used as a landscape plant in its native areas. In pot culture, this species requires well aerated gritty substrate and a hot and sunny location in the summer. During winter, this species tolerates light frost and wet (if well-drained) soil. In cultivation, this species usually does not bloom until it develops 2-3 branches.

References

  1. ^ a b "Echinocereus Engelmannii". The American Southwest. Retrieved 2019-02-19.

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Echinocereus engelmannii: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Detail of bloom, Strawberry Hedgehog

The strawberry hedgehog cactus or Engelmann's hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii) is commonly found in desert areas of the southwestern United States and the adjacent areas of Mexico, including the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Baja California and Sonora.

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Echinocereus engelmannii ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Echinocereus engelmannii es una especie de plantas en la familia Cactaceae. Es endémica de Sonora, Chihuahua, Baja California y Baja California Sur en México y California, Arizona y Nevada en Estados Unidos. Es una especie común en lugares localizados.

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Detalle de la flor
 src=
Vista de la planta

Descripción

Es una planta perenne carnosa cilíndrica armada de espinos, y con las flores de color púrpura y rojo.

Taxonomía

Echinocereus engelmannii fue descrita por (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. y publicado en Les Cactées 56. 1868.[1]

Etimología

Echinocereus: nombre genérico que deriva del griego antiguo: ἐχῖνος (equinos), que significa "erizo", y del latín cereus que significa "vela, cirio" que se refiere a sus tallos columnares erizados.

engelmannii: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico George Engelmann.

Sinonimia
  • Echinocereus llanuraensis (Rutow) W.Blum & D.Felix
  • Cereus engelmannii
  • Cereus munzii.[2]

Referencias

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Echinocereus engelmannii: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Echinocereus engelmannii es una especie de plantas en la familia Cactaceae. Es endémica de Sonora, Chihuahua, Baja California y Baja California Sur en México y California, Arizona y Nevada en Estados Unidos. Es una especie común en lugares localizados.

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Kägelkaktus ( suédois )

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Kägelkaktus (Echinocereus engelmannii) är en suckulent växtart inom släktet kägelkaktusar (Echinocereus) och familjen kaktusväxter.

Synonymer

Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann
Echinocereus engelmannii var. armatus L. D. Benson
Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & Bigelow) Rümpler
Echinocereus engelmannii var. howei L. D. Benson

Källor

Flora of North America - Echinocereus engelmannii

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Kägelkaktus: Brief Summary ( suédois )

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Kägelkaktus (Echinocereus engelmannii) är en suckulent växtart inom släktet kägelkaktusar (Echinocereus) och familjen kaktusväxter.

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Echinocereus engelmannii ( vietnamien )

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Echinocereus engelmannii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1868.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Echinocereus engelmannii. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ xương rồng Cactoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Echinocereus engelmannii: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Echinocereus engelmannii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1868.

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Echinocereus engelmannii ( russe )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Caryophyllanae Takht., 1967
Семейство: Кактусовые
Подсемейство: Кактусовые
Вид: Echinocereus engelmannii
Международное научное название

Echinocereus engelmannii
(Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. (1868)

Синонимы
  • Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. (1852)basionym
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Систематика
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ITIS 19806NCBI 867004EOL 589264IPNI 132348-1TPL kew-2782588

Эхиноцереус Энгельмана (лат. Echinocereus engelmannii) — вид кактусов рода Эхиноцереус, обычно встречающийся в пустынных районах на юго-западе США и в прилегающих районах Мексики, включая штаты Калифорния, Невада, Юта, Аризона, Калифорния и Сонора.

Ботаническое описание

Обычно растет кластерами, иногда до 20 и более цветоносов. Его ярко-розовые цветки распускаются в апреле в южных крайности в конце мая в северных районах. Цветки появляются на верхней части стебля (от трети до половины), воронковидной в формы, до 3,5 дюймов в длину с темно-зелеными рыльцами. Плоды очень колючие. Сначала они зеленые, но становятся розовыми и сухими при созревании. Спелые плоды имеют шипы, которые легко отделяются. Семена черные и около одной десятой дюйма в размере.

Стебли вначале цилиндрические и прямые у молодых растений, но позже основание стебля ложится на землю. Стебли обычно от 1,5 до 3,5 дюймов в диаметре и до 25 дюймов в высоту, и покрыты тяжелыми шипами. Растения имеют около 10 ребер, немного уплощённых и бугорчатых.

Цвет и размер шипов различаются. Радиальные колючки короче и игловидные, до 0,8 дюймов длиной, белые и собраны в аккуратную розетку. Центральный ряд шипов количеством от 2 до 7 — крепкие, обычно витые или угловые, до 3 дюймов в длину и изменчивой окраски: ярко-желтые, темно-коричневые, серые и белые.

Название

Растение названо в честь Джорджа Энгельмана, — американского ботаника и миколога германского происхождения.

Применение

Echinocereus engelmannii обычно используется как ландшафтное растение в его родной местности. В качестве горшечной культуры он требует хорошо аэрируемый песчаный субстрат, а также горячие и солнечные места летом. Зимой растение легко переносит легкий мороз и мокрую (при хорошем дренаже) почву. При культивации он обычно не цветет до момента, пока не разовьются 2—3 ветви.

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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Echinocereus engelmannii: Brief Summary ( russe )

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Эхиноцереус Энгельмана (лат. Echinocereus engelmannii) — вид кактусов рода Эхиноцереус, обычно встречающийся в пустынных районах на юго-западе США и в прилегающих районах Мексики, включая штаты Калифорния, Невада, Юта, Аризона, Калифорния и Сонора.

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