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Comments ( anglais )

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Polygonella macrophylla is known only from the Gulf Coast from Franklin County, Florida, westward to Baldwin County, Alabama. Two flower-color morphs exist. Two populations in the vicinity of Carrabelle, Florida, are red-flowered. All other populations produce white or pink flowers. P. O. Lewis (1991b) showed that expected levels of genetic diversity are much lower in white-flowered populations than in red-flowered ones, possibly due to lack of gene flow among populations and high levels of inbreeding. Morphological data suggest that P. macrophylla is most closely related to the more widespread P. polygama (Lewis and D. J. Crawford 1995).

Polygonella macrophylla is in the Center for Plant Conservation's National Collection of Endangered Plants.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( anglais )

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Subshrubs, perennial, gynodio-ecious, 8-11 dm. Stems erect, simple proximally, sometimes branched distally, glabrous. Leaves persistent; ocrea margins not ciliate; blade oblanceolate to obovate or broadly spatulate, (9-)26-56(-68) × (3-)9-30 mm, base attenuate to obtuse, margins hyaline, apex obtuse, glabrous. Inflorescences (14-)30-50(-70) mm; ocreola encircling rachis, only the base adnate to rachis, apex acute. Pedicels spreading in anthesis, reflexed in fruit, 1.2-2.1 mm, much longer than subtending ocreola. Flowers bisexual or pistillate; outer tepals loosely appressed in anthesis, reflexed in fruit, white, pink, or red, obovate, 1.6-2.4 mm in anthesis, margins entire; inner tepals loosely appressed in anthesis, reflexed in fruit, white, red, or pink, obovate, 1.7-2.8 mm in anthesis, margins entire; filaments dimorphic; anthers white or yellow; styles and stigmas 0.3-0.6 mm in anthesis. Achenes included, yellow-brown, 3-gonous, 3.1-4.1 × 1.5-1.9 mm, shiny, smooth. 2n = 28.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Distribution ( anglais )

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Ala., Fla.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Flowering/Fruiting ( anglais )

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Flowering Oct.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Habitat ( anglais )

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Sand pine-oak scrub ridges; 0-70m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Polygonum smallianum ( anglais )

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Polygonum smallianum (synonym Polygonella macrophylla)[1] is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common name largeleaf jointweed. It is native to a small area around the border between Alabama and Florida in the United States.[2][3]

Description

This plant is a perennial herb or subshrub with stiff, erect stems coming from a woody base and taproot. It may exceed one meter in height. The leathery leaves are alternately arranged. The largest near the stem bases are up to 6.8 centimeters long. They are mostly oval with smooth edges and rounded tips. The inflorescence is made up of a number of racemes of flowers. There is a white- or pinkish-flowered form and a red-flowered form.[3][4][5]

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1856 by John Kunkel Small as Polygonella macrophylla.[6] In 2015, following a series of molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Polygonella was subsumed into Polygonum.[7][8] However, the name "Polygonum macrophylla" was unavailable, so the replacement name Polygonum smallianum was published in 2011.[7][9]

Distribution, habitat and conservation

This species occurs in the Florida scrub of the Florida Panhandle and a part of southern Alabama. It grows in open scrub and coastal dunes. Rare in general, it can be common in its range.[2][3]

The main threat to the species is the loss of its scrub habitat to development and silviculture.[2][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Polygonum smallianum T.M.Schust. & Reveal". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  2. ^ a b c Polygonella macrophylla. Archived 2011-10-26 at the Wayback Machine Center for Plant Conservation.
  3. ^ a b c d Polygonella macrophylla. The Nature Conservancy.
  4. ^ Polygonella macrophylla. Flora of North America.
  5. ^ Lewis, P. O. (1991). Allozyme variation in the rare Gulf Coast endemic Polygonella macrophylla Small (Polygonaceae). Plant Species Biology 6(1) 1-10.
  6. ^ "Plant Name Details for Polygonella macrophylla Small". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  7. ^ a b Schuster, T.M.; Reveal, J.L. & Kron, K.A. (2011). "Evolutionary Relationships within Polygoneae (Polygonaceae: Polygonoideae)". Taxon. 60: 1653–1666. doi:10.1002/tax.606010., cited in Schuster et al. (2015)
  8. ^ Schuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015). "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia". Taxon. 64 (6): 1188–1208. doi:10.12705/646.5.
  9. ^ "Plant Name Details for Polygonum smallianum T.M.Schust. & Reveal". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
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Polygonum smallianum: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Polygonum smallianum (synonym Polygonella macrophylla) is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common name largeleaf jointweed. It is native to a small area around the border between Alabama and Florida in the United States.

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Polygonella macrophylla ( polonais )

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Polygonella macrophylla Small – gatunek rośliny z rodziny rdestowatych (Polygonaceae Juss.). Występuje naturalnie w południowo-wschodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych – na Florydzie oraz w Alabamie[3][4].

Morfologia

Pokrój
Wiecznie zielony półkrzew dorastający do 80–110 cm wysokości[4].
Liście
Ich blaszka liściowa jest siedząca i ma kształt od odwrotnie jajowatego do lancetowatego. Mierzy 26–56 mm długości oraz 9–30 mm szerokości, jest o rozwartej nasadzie lub zbiegającej po ogonku i tępym wierzchołku. Gatka jest całobrzega[4].
Kwiaty
Obupłciowe lub funkcjonalnie jednopłciowe, zebrane w grona o długości 3–5 cm, rozwijają się na szczytach pędów. Listki okwiatu mają odwrotnie jajowaty kształt i barwę od białej do czerwonej, mierzą 1–3 mm długości[4].
Owoce
Trójboczne niełupki osiągające 3–4 mm długości[4].

Biologia i ekologia

Rośnie w lasach sosnowych oraz zaroślach, na terenach nizinnych. Kwitnie w październiku[4].

Ochrona

Polygonella macrophylla na Florydzie ma status gatunku wysokiego ryzyka, natomiast w Alabamie jest zagrożony wyginięciem[3].

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2009-06-01].
  2. Polygonella macrophylla Small (ang.). The Plant List. [dostęp 24 listopada 2016].
  3. a b Comprehensive Report Species - Polygonella macrophylla (ang.). NatureServe. [dostęp 24 listopada 2016].
  4. a b c d e f Polygonella macrophylla (fr.). Plantes & botanique. [dostęp 24 listopada 2016].
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Polygonella macrophylla: Brief Summary ( polonais )

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Polygonella macrophylla Small – gatunek rośliny z rodziny rdestowatych (Polygonaceae Juss.). Występuje naturalnie w południowo-wschodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych – na Florydzie oraz w Alabamie.

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