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Common Names ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: shrub, swamp, tree

possumhaw
deciduous holly
swamp holly
winterberry
bearberry
Curtiss possumhaw


TAXONOMY:
The scientific name of possumhaw is Ilex decidua Walt. [8, 20].


LIFE FORM:
Tree, Shrub

FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS:
No special status

OTHER STATUS:
Possumhaw is state-listed as threatened in Florida [45].






DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Ilex decidua
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:
Possumhaw is found throughout the southeastern United States, from
Virginia west to southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and eastern
Kansas; south to Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, south-central Texas,
and northeastern Mexico [8,10].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Conservation Status ( anglais )

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Possumhaw is state-listed as threatened in Florida [45].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( anglais )

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More info for the term: forest

Possumhaw is found throughout the southeastern United States, from
Virginia west to southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and eastern
Kansas; south to Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, south-central Texas,
and northeastern Mexico [8,10].



Possumhaw distribution. 1977 USDA, Forest Service map provided by Thompson and others
[46].

licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( anglais )

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More info for the term: litter

The mean, ash-free caloric value for possumhaw leaves is 5,311
calories per gram. This value can be used in calculations to predict
heat release during fire on sites with possumhaw litter [12].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: cover, tree

Possumhaw is not a dominant or indicator species in habitat
typings. It occurs in a variety of cover types and has a number of
associated species. The most common overstory and midstory associates
not previously mentioned include red maple (Acer rubrum), winged elm
(Ulmus alata), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), southern red oak (Quercus
falcata), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), tree huckleberry
(Vaccinium arboreum), American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), American
holly (Ilex opaca), and yaupon (I. vomitoria). Understory associates
include rusty blackhaw (Viburnum rufidulum), Alabama supplejack
(Berchemia scandens), trumpetcreeper (Campis radicans), grapes (Vitis
spp.), and greenbriers (Smilax spp.) [16,18,21,23,26,27,34,37,40].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: fruit, hardwood

Possumhaw is moderately tolerant to periodic flooding. Mature
trees can withstand flooding of up to 35 percent of the growing season.
Saplings have survived 105 days of flooding from March to July [11].
Near Alton, Illinois, possumhaw maintained vigorous growth through
4 years of continuous flooding, but declined in the fifth year [9]. It
is more likely to survive in frequently flooded plots than is common
persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) or elms (Ulmus spp.) [37].

Possumhaw can suppress regeneration of timber species [10].

Control: Possumhaw is susceptible to stem injection of 2,4-D and
glyphosate [10,22]. Possumhaw seedling counts were highest on
bottomland hardwood sites that had been harvested and site-prepared by
herbicide stem injection of all stems larger than 2 inches (5 cm) d.b.h.
The lowest numbers of possumhaw seedlings occurred on sites that
had been harvested and site-prepared by shearing [14]. When managing
for white-tailed deer, burning or slashing possumhaw stems is
preferable to herbicide application; the sprouts resulting from those
treatments provide deer browse [10].

Possumhaw is a good choice in plantings for wildlife; individual
plant fruit production is consistent from year to year, and a high
percentage (greater than 70 percent) of individuals bear fruit [28].

Increase: Production of possumhaw browse was highest under medium-
thinning intensity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations [2].
Possumhaw can be propagated by cuttings [42].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

Possumhaw flowers from March to May [4]. The fruits ripen in
September and persist until the following spring [13]. Seedling
emergence occurs before spring canopy development in early February, and
continues through May [37].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: root crown, shrub

Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( anglais )

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The scientific name of possumhaw is Ilex decidua Walt. [8, 20].
licence
cc-publicdomain
citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Ilex decidua. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/