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Haptista ( bosnien )

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Haptista je linija protista koja grupira alge Haptophyta i Rappemonada zajedno sa heliozoanma iz grupe Centrohelida. Haptofiti su alge koje imaju hloroplaste sa hlorofilima a i c, koji pri tome imaju i četiri hloroplastne membrane, ukazuju na porijeklo od sekundarne endosimbioze sa crvenim algama. Rappemonada je slabo poznata skupina koja ima hloroplastne gene koji su povezani sa genima haptofita. Pored toga, tu su uključeni centroidi, heterotrofI iz heliozojskog tipa, jer su trebali biti usko povezani s prvima. Ove skupine karakteriziraju filiformni dodaci podržani mikrotubulama, haptonemama u prvom i aksopodijama u drugom, koji koriste za ishranu. Ćelijsko tijelo često je prekriveno složenim mineraliziranim ljuskama, silicijskim u Centrohelida, a kod Haptophyta, obično krečnjačkim, ali ponekad i silicijskim. Slijedi filogenetsko stablo različitih grupa:[1]

Haptista

Alveidia

     

Centrohelida

Haptophyta

Rappemonada

     

Pavlovophyceae

   

Prymnesiophyceae

         

Taksonomija

Priložena taksonomski odnosi koncipirani su prema Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015[2] and Ruggiero et al. 2015.[3]

  • Potkoljeno Alveidia Cavalier-Smith 2018
  • Potkoljeno Centroheliozoa Cushman & Jarvis 1929 sensu Durrschmidt & Patterson 1987 [Heliozoa Haeckel 1862 stat. n. Margulis 1974 em. Cavalier-Smith 2003]
    • Razred Centrohelea Kuhn 1926 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Centroplastiales; Centrohelina Hartmann 1913; Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier 1984]
  • Potkoljeno Haptophytina Cavalier-Smith 2015 (Haptophyta Hibberd 1976 sensu Ruggerio et al. 2015)
    • Kladus Rappemonada Kim et al. 2011
    • Kladus Haptomonada (Margulis & Schwartz 1998) [Haptophyta Hibberd 1976 emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000; Prymnesiophyta Green & Jordan, 1994; Prymnesiomonada; Prymnesiida Hibberd 1976; Haptophyceae Christensen 1962 ex Silva 1980; Haptomonadida; Patelliferea Cavalier-Smith 1993]
      • Razred Pavlovophyceae (Cavalier-Smith 1986) Green & Medlin 2000
      • Razred Prymnesiophyceae Christensen 1962 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1996 [Haptophyceae s.s.; Prymnesiophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986; Coccolithophyceae Casper 1972 ex Rothmaler 1951]

Reference

  1. ^ Janouškovec J, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F, Howe AT, Rohwer FL, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ. "A New Lineage of Eukaryotes Illuminates Early Mitochondrial Genome Reduction", Current Biology 2017, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.051
  2. ^ Cavalier-Smith; Chao; Lewis (2015), "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist Potkoljeno Corbihelia, superRazred Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 331–362, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004, PMID 26234272
  3. ^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Razredification of All Living Organisms", PLoS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
  4. ^ Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Lewis, R. (17. 4. 2018), "Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria", Protoplasma, 255 (5): 1517–1574, doi:10.1007/s00709-018-1241-1, PMC 6133090, PMID 29666938

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Haptista ( anglais )

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Haptista is a proposed group of protists made up of centrohelids and haptophytes. Phylogenomic studies indicate that Haptista, together with Ancoracysta twista, forms a sister clade to the SAR+Telonemia supergroup, but it may also be sister to the Cryptista (+Archaeplastida).[1][2][3][4] It is thus one of the earliest diverging Diaphoretickes.

Taxonomy

Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015[5] and Ruggiero et al. 2015.[6]

  • Subphylum Centroheliozoa Cushman & Jarvis 1929 sensu Durrschmidt & Patterson 1987 [Heliozoa Haeckel 1862 stat. n. Margulis 1974 em. Cavalier-Smith 2003]
    • Class Centrohelea Kuhn 1926 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Centroplastiales; Centrohelina Hartmann 1913; Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier 1984]
  • Subphylum Haptophytina Cavalier-Smith 2015 (Haptophyta Hibberd 1976 sensu Ruggerio et al. 2015)
    • Clade Rappemonada Kim et al. 2011
    • Clade Haptomonada (Margulis & Schwartz 1998) [Haptophyta Hibberd 1976 emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000; Prymnesiophyta Green & Jordan, 1994; Prymnesiomonada; Prymnesiida Hibberd 1976; Haptophyceae Christensen 1962 ex Silva 1980; Haptomonadida; Patelliferea Cavalier-Smith 1993]
      • Class Pavlovophyceae (Cavalier-Smith 1986) Green & Medlin 2000
      • Class Prymnesiophyceae Christensen 1962 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1996 [Haptophyceae s.s.; Prymnesiophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986; Coccolithophyceae Casper 1972 ex Rothmaler 1951]

References

  1. ^ Burki F; Kaplan M; Tikhonenkov DV; Zlatogursky V; Minh BQ; Radaykina LV; Smirnov A; Mylnikov AP; Keeling PJ (2016), "Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista.", Proc Biol Sci, 283 (1823): 20152802, doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802, PMC 4795036, PMID 26817772
  2. ^ Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). "Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates" (Free full text). Genome Biology and Evolution. 1: 231–8. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193.
  3. ^ Schön, Max E.; Zlatogursky, Vasily V.; Singh, Rohan P.; Poirier, Camille; Wilken, Susanne; Mathur, Varsha; Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Pinhassi, Jarone; Worden, Alexandra Z.; Keeling, Patrick J.; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (2021-11-17). "Single cell genomics reveals plastid-lacking Picozoa are close relatives of red algae". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6651. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26918-0. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 8599508. PMID 34789758.
  4. ^ Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Irisarri, Iker; Williams, Tom A.; Burki, Fabien (2021-03-25). "A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 1879. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22044-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7994803. PMID 33767194.
  5. ^ Cavalier-Smith; Chao; Lewis (2015), "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 331–362, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004, PMID 26234272
  6. ^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLOS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521

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Haptista: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Haptista is a proposed group of protists made up of centrohelids and haptophytes. Phylogenomic studies indicate that Haptista, together with Ancoracysta twista, forms a sister clade to the SAR+Telonemia supergroup, but it may also be sister to the Cryptista (+Archaeplastida). It is thus one of the earliest diverging Diaphoretickes.

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Haptista ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Haptista es un filo de protistas[3][4][5]​ que agrupa a las algas de Haptophyta y Rappemonada junto a los heliozoos de Centrohelida. Las haptofitas son algas que presentan cloroplastos con clorofilas a y c, que por el tipo de clorofila y por estar rodeados por cuatro membranas se supone que proceden de la endosimbiosis secundaria de un alga roja. Rappemonada es un grupo pobremente conocido que presenta genes cloroplásticos relacionados con los de las haptofitas. Además, se incluye a los centrohélidos, heterótrofos de tipo heliozoo, puesto que se supone que están estrechamente relacionados con las primeras.

Estos grupos se caracterizan por presentar apéndices filiformes soportados por microtúbulos, el haptonema en los primeros y los axopodos en los segundos, que utilizan para la alimentación. A menudo presentan el cuerpo celular cubierto con complejas escamas mineralizadas, silíceas en Centrohelida, generalmente calcáreas, pero a veces silíceas en Haptophyta.

A continuación se muestra el árbol filogenético de los distintos grupos:[1][6][7]

Haptista

Alveidia

     

Centrohelida

Haptophyta

Rappemonada

     

Pavlovophyceae

   

Prymnesiophyceae

         

Referencias

  1. a b Cavalier-Smith, Thomas, Ema E. Chao, and Rhodri Lewis. Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 93 (2015): 331-362.
  2. Fabien Burki et al. 2016, Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista. The Royal Society Volume 283, issue 1823
  3. T. Cavalier-Smith, E. Chao & R. Lewis 2015, Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 93, December 2015, Pages 331–362
  4. Haptista taxonomy.. The Taxonomicon.
  5. Taxonomy Haptista (phylum). Uniprot.
  6. Janouškovec J, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F, Howe AT, Rohwer FL, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ. "A New Lineage of Eukaryotes Illuminates Early Mitochondrial Genome Reduction", Current Biology 2017, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.051
  7. Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). «Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal That Two Enigmatic Protist Lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, Are Related to Photosynthetic Chromalveolates» (Free full text). Genome Biology and Evolution 1: 231-8. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. Archivado desde el original el 10 de julio de 2012.
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합티스타 ( coréen )

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합티스타(Haptista)는 제안된 원생생물 분류군의 하나로 육질태양충류착편모조류 등으로 이루어져 있다. 계통유전체학 연구 결과 SAR 상군과 자매군을 형성하는 것으로 추정된다.[1][2]

하위 분류

캐빌리어-스미스(Cavalier-Smith), 차오와 루이스(Chao & Lewis 2015)[3], 루지에로 등(Ruggiero et al. 2015)[4]의 연구에 기초한 하위 분류는 다음과 같다.

  • 알베이다아문 (Alveidia) Cavalier-Smith 2018
  • 육질태양충아문 (Centroheliozoa) Cushman & Jarvis 1929 sensu Durrschmidt & Patterson 1987 [Heliozoa Haeckel 1862 stat. n. Margulis 1974 em. Cavalier-Smith 2003]
    • 육질태양충강 (Centrohelea) Kuhn 1926 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Centroplastiales; Centrohelina Hartmann 1913; Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier 1984]
  • 착편모조아문 (Haptophytina) Cavalier-Smith 2015 (Haptophyta Hibberd 1976 sensu Ruggerio et al. 2015)
    • Rappemonada Kim et al. 2011
      • Rappephyceae Cavalier-Smith 2015
    • 착편모조강 (Haptomonada) (Margulis & Schwartz 1998) [Haptophyta Hibberd 1976 emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000; Prymnesiophyta Green & Jordan, 1994; Prymnesiomonada; Prymnesiida Hibberd 1976; Haptophyceae Christensen 1962 ex Silva 1980; Haptomonadida; Patelliferea Cavalier-Smith 1993]
      • 파블로바강 (Pavlovophyceae) (Cavalier-Smith 1986) Green & Medlin 2000
      • 후각편모조강 (Prymnesiophyceae) Christensen 1962 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1996 [Haptophyceae s.s.; Prymnesiophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986; Coccolithophyceae Casper 1972 ex Rothmaler 1951]

계통 분류

다음은 아들(Adl et al. 2012)과 부르키(Burki, 2014/2016) 등의 진핵생물 계통 분류이다.[6][7][8]

진핵생물 AH/SAR 원시색소체생물    

홍조식물

   

피코조아

     

회청조식물

   

녹색식물 (좁은 의미의 식물)



크립티스타


     

합티스타


TSAR

텔로네마류

SAR 할바리아

부등편모조류

   

피하낭류

     

리자리아

   
     

디스코바

단편모생물

아메바류

오바조아

아푸소모나스목

후편모생물

홀로미코타(균류 포함)

   

홀로조아(동물 포함)

         

2016년 실라(Silar)에 의한 하크로비아의 계통 분류는 다음과 같다.[9][10]

하크로비아 넓은 의미의 크립티스타 코르비헬리아 엔도헬레아상강

엔도헬레아강

  코르비스토마상강  

피코모나스강

   

텔로네마강

      좁은 의미의 크립티스타 팔피토아문

팔피토강

  롤로모나스아문 레우크립토스상강

레우코크립토스강

은편모조류

고니오모나스강

   

은편모조강

          합티스타 육질태양충류

육질태양충강

착편모조아문 Rappemonada

Rappephyceae

  Haptomonada  

파블로바강

   

후각편모조강

         

각주

  1. Burki F,; Kaplan M,; Tikhonenkov DV,; Zlatogursky V,; Minh BQ,; Radaykina LV,; Smirnov A,; Mylnikov AP,; Keeling PJ (2016), “Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista.”, 《Proc Biol Sci》 283 (1823): 20152802, doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802, PMC 4795036, PMID 26817772
  2. Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). “Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates.”. 《Genome Biology and Evolution》 1: 231–8. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193. 2012년 7월 10일에 원본 문서 (Free full text)에서 보존된 문서.
  3. Cavalier-Smith; Chao; Lewis (2015), “Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista”, 《Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution》 93: 331–362, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004, PMID 26234272
  4. Ruggiero; 외. (2015), “Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms”, 《PLoS ONE》 10 (4): e0119248, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
  5. Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Lewis, R. (2018년 4월 17일). “Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria”. 《Protoplasma》 255 (5): 1517–1574. doi:10.1007/s00709-018-1241-1. PMC 6133090. PMID 29666938.
  6. Burki, F. (2014). “The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective”. 《Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology》 6: 1–17. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147.
  7. Burki, Fabien; Kaplan, Maia; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Zlatogursky, Vasily; Minh, Bui Quang; Radaykina, Liudmila V.; Smirnov, Alexey; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2016년 1월 27일). “Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista”. 《Proc. R. Soc. B》 283 (1823): 20152802. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802. PMC 4795036. PMID 26817772.
  8. Karnkowska, Anna; Vacek, Vojtěch; Zubáčová, Zuzana; Treitli, Sebastian C.; Petrželková, Romana; Eme, Laura; Novák, Lukáš; Žárský, Vojtěch; Barlow, Lael D. (2016). “A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle”. 《Current Biology》 26 (10): 1274–1284. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053.
  9. Silar, Philippe (2016), “Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes”, 《HAL archives-ouvertes》: 1–462
  10. Ruggiero; 외. (2015), “Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms”, 《PLoS ONE》 10 (4): e0119248, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
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