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Telonemia ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

T. rivulare by electron micrography

Telonemia is a phylum of microscopic eukaryote, single-celled organisms.[1] They were formerly classified within kingdom Chromista. They are suggested to have evolutionary significance in being a possible transitional form between ecologically important heterotrophic and photosynthetic species among chromalveolates.[2][3]

Although they have been studied in primarily marine environments, they have also been found in freshwater.[4][5]

Shalchian-Tabrizi et al say that 18S rDNA sequences in the phylum formed two major groups, Group 1 and 2, including T. subtilis and T. antarcticum respectively, and that these were further sub-divided into several statistically supported clades of sequences with restricted geographic distribution. Species of Telonemia are heterotrophic predators, feeding on a wide range of bacteria and pico- to nano-sized phytoplankton. Chloroplasts have not been observed in any of the investigated species.[6] By using specific PCR primers, they revealed a much larger diversity of Telonemia from environmental samples than previously uncovered by eukaryote-wide primers. They are globally distributed in marine waters and are frequently encountered in environmental clone libraries. The evolutionary origin of Telonemia was inferred from phylogenetic reconstruction of single- and concatenated sequences obtained from both cultured strains and environmental clones.[2]

A 2009 paper places them in the SAR supergroup.[7] Phylogenomic analyses of 127 genes in 2009 placed Telonemia with Centroheliozoa in a group containing the cryptomonads and haptophytes.[8] Pawlowski identified it in 2013 as a micro-kingdom.[9] In 2019 a phylogenetic analysis placed them as sister to the SAR group.[10]

Species

Only two species had been described formally by 2019;[11] DNA sequences collected from seawater suggested there were many more species not yet described.[12] In 2022, Tikhonenkov and colleagues described 5 new species and a new genus.[13]

  • Class Telonemea Cavalier-Smith 1993[14] [Telonemia Shalchian-Tabrizi 2006]
    • Order Telonemida Cavalier-Smith 1993
      • Family Telonemidae Cavalier-Smith 1993
        • Genera Lateronema Cavalier-Smith 2015
          • Species Lateronema antarctica (Thomsen 2005) Cavalier-Smith 2015 [Telonema antarctica Thomsen 1992]
        • Genera Telonema Griessmann 1913
          • Species Telonema subtile Griessmann 1913 [Telonema subtilis Griessmann, 1913[15]]

History

The genus Telonema was described in 1913 by Griessmann.[16]

References

  1. ^ Vogt, Yngve (February 1, 2012). "Found Unknown Group of Oceanic Life Forms". Apollon.
  2. ^ a b Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Eikrem, W; Klaveness, D; Vaulot, D; Minge, M.A; Le Gall, F; Romari, K; Throndsen, J; Botnen, A; Massana, R; Thomsen, H.A; Jakobsen, K.S (28 April 2006). "Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 273 (1595): 1833–1842. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3515. PMC 1634789. PMID 16790418.
  3. ^ "The early evolution of the eukaryotic cell addressed by chloroplast biology, multigene phylogenies and the new phylum Telonemia". Archived from the original on 2007-02-23. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
  4. ^ Lefèvre, Emilie; Roussel, Balbine; Amblard, Christian; Sime-Ngando, Télesphore; Ibelings, Bas (11 June 2008). "The Molecular Diversity of Freshwater Picoeukaryotes Reveals High Occurrence of Putative Parasitoids in the Plankton". PLOS ONE. 3 (6): e2324. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2324L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002324. PMC 2396521. PMID 18545660.
  5. ^ Bråte, Jon; Klaveness, Dag; Rygh, Tellef; Jakobsen, Kjetill S; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran (2010). "Telonemia-specific environmental 18S rDNA PCR reveals unknown diversity and multiple marine-freshwater colonizations". BMC Microbiology. 10 (1): 168. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-168. PMC 2891722. PMID 20534135.
  6. ^ Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Eikrem, W; Klaveness, D; Vaulot, D; Minge, M.A; Le Gall, F; Romari, K; Throndsen, J; Botnen, A; Massana, R; Thomsen, H.A; Jakobsen, K.S (22 July 2006). "Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 273 (1595): 1833–1842. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3515. PMC 1634789. PMID 16790418.
  7. ^ Reeb, Valérie C.; Peglar, Michael T.; Yoon, Hwan Su; et al. (October 2009). "Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 202–211. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012. PMID 19398025.
  8. ^ Burki, Fabien; Inagaki, Yuji; Bråte, Jon; et al. (2009). "Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal That Two Enigmatic Protist Lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, Are Related to Photosynthetic Chromalveolates". Genome Biology and Evolution. 1: 231–238. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193.
  9. ^ Pawlowski, Jan (15 April 2013). "The new micro-kingdoms of eukaryotes". BMC Biology. 11: 40. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-11-40. PMC 3626909. PMID 23587248.
  10. ^ Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Jamy, Mahwash; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Burki, Fabien; Shapiro, Beth (April 2019). "New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 757–765. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012. PMC 6844682. PMID 30668767.
  11. ^ Strassert, Jürgen F H; Jamy, Mahwash; Mylnikov, Alexander P; Tikhonenkov, Denis V; Burki, Fabien; Shapiro, Beth (April 2019). "New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 757–765. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012. PMC 6844682. PMID 30668767.
  12. ^ Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Kauserud, H; Massana, R; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, KS (18 April 2007). "Analysis of Environmental 18S Ribosomal RNA Sequences reveals Unknown Diversity of the Cosmopolitan Phylum Telonemia". Protist. 158 (2): 173–180. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.10.003. PMID 17196879.
  13. ^ Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Jamy, Mahwash; Borodina, Anastasia S.; Belyaev, Artem O.; Zagumyonnyi, Dmitry G.; Prokina, Kristina I.; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Burki, Fabien; Karpov, Sergey A. (2022). "On the origin of TSAR: morphology, diversity and phylogeny of Telonemia". Open Biology. The Royal Society. 12 (3). doi:10.1098/rsob.210325. ISSN 2046-2441.
  14. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (December 2015). "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 93: 331–362. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004. PMID 26234272.
  15. ^ "European Marine Biodiversity Research Sites". MarBEF. Flanders Marine Institute. 2004.
  16. ^ Grießmann, Karl (1913). Über marine Flagellaten [About marine flagellates] (Thesis) (in German). Fischer. OCLC 638176877.

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Telonemia: Brief Summary ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN
T. rivulare by electron micrography

Telonemia is a phylum of microscopic eukaryote, single-celled organisms. They were formerly classified within kingdom Chromista. They are suggested to have evolutionary significance in being a possible transitional form between ecologically important heterotrophic and photosynthetic species among chromalveolates.

Although they have been studied in primarily marine environments, they have also been found in freshwater.

Shalchian-Tabrizi et al say that 18S rDNA sequences in the phylum formed two major groups, Group 1 and 2, including T. subtilis and T. antarcticum respectively, and that these were further sub-divided into several statistically supported clades of sequences with restricted geographic distribution. Species of Telonemia are heterotrophic predators, feeding on a wide range of bacteria and pico- to nano-sized phytoplankton. Chloroplasts have not been observed in any of the investigated species. By using specific PCR primers, they revealed a much larger diversity of Telonemia from environmental samples than previously uncovered by eukaryote-wide primers. They are globally distributed in marine waters and are frequently encountered in environmental clone libraries. The evolutionary origin of Telonemia was inferred from phylogenetic reconstruction of single- and concatenated sequences obtained from both cultured strains and environmental clones.

A 2009 paper places them in the SAR supergroup. Phylogenomic analyses of 127 genes in 2009 placed Telonemia with Centroheliozoa in a group containing the cryptomonads and haptophytes. Pawlowski identified it in 2013 as a micro-kingdom. In 2019 a phylogenetic analysis placed them as sister to the SAR group.

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Telonemia ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Telonemia es un grupo de protistas microscópicos y unicelulares[2]​ de importancia evolutiva por ser un posible grupo transicional entre las especies heterotrófas y fotosintéticas del supergrupo SAR.[3][4]​A pesar de haber sido estudiados principalmente en entornos marinos, también han sido encontrados en agua dulce.[5][6]

Las especies de Telonemia son predadoras, alimentánse de una amplia gama de bacterias y de pico- y nano-fitoplancton. La utilización de PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) revela una diversidad en muestras medioambientales mucho mayor que la obtenida con los métodos anteriores. Se encuentran globalmente distribuidos en aguas marinas y es frecuente localizar su información genética almacenada previamente en genotecas. El origen evolutivo de Telonemia ha sido inferido a través de la reconstrucción filogenética tanto de secuencias cultivadas como medioambientales.[7]​ A pesar de que sólo dos especies han sido descritas formalmente, las secuencias de ADN recogidas de aguas marinas sugieren que quedan muchas más por descubrir.[8][9]

Un estudio combinado de secuencias de aminoácidos coloca a Telonemia en el Supergrupo SAR,[10]​ un análisis filogenético de 127 genes lo sitúa junto a Centrohelida en Hacrobia,[11][12]​ un estudio de 248 genes coloca a Telonemia como grupo hermano de SAR, por lo que se propone un nuevo supergrupo denominado TSAR para englobar a ambos.[13]​ Finalmente, otro estudio lo sitúa en Cryptista dentro un subfilo Corbihelia.[14]

Referencias

  1. Thomas Cavalier-Smith et al. 2015, Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Volume 93, December 2015, Pages 331–362
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20070109100446/http://www.apollon.uio.no/vis/art/2006_4/Artikler/telonemia_english
  3. Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Eikrem W, Klaveness D, Vaulot D, Minge M, Le Gall F, Romari K, Throndsen J, Botnen A, Massana R, Thomsen H, Jakobsen K (2006). «Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages». Proc Biol Sci 273 (1595): 1833-42. PMC 1634789. PMID 16790418. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3515.
  4. https://web.archive.org/web/20070223180612/http://www.cees.no/component/option,com_seminar/id,98
  5. Lefèvre, E; Roussel, B; Amblard, C; Sime-Ngando, T (Jun 2008). «The Molecular Diversity of Freshwater Picoeukaryotes Reveals High Occurrence of Putative Parasitoids in the Plankton» (Free full text). En Ibelings, Bas, ed. PLoS ONE 3 (6): e2324. PMC 2396521. PMID 18545660. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002324.
  6. Bråte, J; Klaveness, D; Rygh, T; Jakobsen, K.S; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (Jun 2010). «Telonemia-specific environmental 18S rDNA PCR reveals unknown diversity and multiple marine-freshwater colonizations» (Free full text). BMC Microbiology 10: 168. PMC 2891722. PMID 20534135. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-168.
  7. «Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages». Nih.gov. US National Library of Medicine. Consultado el 10 de mayo de 2015.
  8. Dag Klaveness1, Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Thomsen, H.A.; Eikrem, W; Jakobsen, K.S (2005). «Telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate». Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55 (6): 2595-2604. PMID 16280533. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63652-0. Archivado desde el original el 29 de diciembre de 2010. Consultado el 7 de agosto de 2015.
  9. Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Kauserud, H; Massana, R; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, Ks (Apr 2007). «Analysis of environmental 18S ribosomal RNA sequences reveals unknown diversity of the cosmopolitan phylum Telonemia». Protist 158 (2): 173-80. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17196879. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.10.003.
  10. Reeb, Vc; Peglar, Mt; Yoon, Hs; Bai, Jr; Wu, M; Siu, P; Grafenberg, Jl; Reyes-Prieto, A; Rümmele, Se; Gross, J; Bhattacharya, D (mayo de 2009). «Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists». Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 53 (1): 202-11. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19398025. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012.
  11. Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). «Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal That Two Enigmatic Protist Lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, Are Related to Photosynthetic Chromalveolates» (Free full text). Genome Biology and Evolution 1: 231-8. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. Archivado desde el original el 10 de julio de 2012.
  12. Ruggiero, M. A., Gordon, D. P., Orrell, T. M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R. C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. y Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms.
  13. Strassert, Jürgen FH, Mahwash Jamy, Alexander P. Mylnikov, Denis V. Tikhonenkov, and Fabien Burki. New phylogenomic analysis of the enigmatic phylum Telonemia further resolves the eukaryote tree of life, bioRxiv (2018): 403329.
  14. T. Cavalier-Smith, E. Chao & R. Lewis 2015, Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 93, December 2015, Pages 331–362
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Telonemia: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Telonemia es un grupo de protistas microscópicos y unicelulares​ de importancia evolutiva por ser un posible grupo transicional entre las especies heterotrófas y fotosintéticas del supergrupo SAR.​​A pesar de haber sido estudiados principalmente en entornos marinos, también han sido encontrados en agua dulce.​​

Las especies de Telonemia son predadoras, alimentánse de una amplia gama de bacterias y de pico- y nano-fitoplancton. La utilización de PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) revela una diversidad en muestras medioambientales mucho mayor que la obtenida con los métodos anteriores. Se encuentran globalmente distribuidos en aguas marinas y es frecuente localizar su información genética almacenada previamente en genotecas. El origen evolutivo de Telonemia ha sido inferido a través de la reconstrucción filogenética tanto de secuencias cultivadas como medioambientales.​ A pesar de que sólo dos especies han sido descritas formalmente, las secuencias de ADN recogidas de aguas marinas sugieren que quedan muchas más por descubrir.​​

Un estudio combinado de secuencias de aminoácidos coloca a Telonemia en el Supergrupo SAR,​ un análisis filogenético de 127 genes lo sitúa junto a Centrohelida en Hacrobia,​​ un estudio de 248 genes coloca a Telonemia como grupo hermano de SAR, por lo que se propone un nuevo supergrupo denominado TSAR para englobar a ambos.​ Finalmente, otro estudio lo sitúa en Cryptista dentro un subfilo Corbihelia.​

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Telonemios ( galicien )

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Os telonemios ou Telonemia son un grupo de microorganismos eucarióticos unicelulares, xeralmente considerados un filo, pero de clasificación insegura.[1] Son protistas que poden ter grande importancia evolutiva, xa que se suxeriu que poderían ser formas de transición entre as especies heterótrofas ecoloxicamente importantes e as fotosintéticas de cromalveolados.[2][3]

Nalgunhas publicacións están incluídos no supergrupo SAR.[4] As análises filoxenómicas de 127 xenes sitúan a Telonemia xunto cos Centroheliozoa nun grupo do que tamén forman parte as criptomónadas (ou criptófitas) e as haptófitas chamado Hacrobia.[5]

Aínda que foron estudados principalmente en ambientes mariños, tamén se poden encontrar en augas doces.[6][7]

Especies

Aínda que só foron descritas formalmente dúas especies,[8] as secuencias de ADN recollidas das augas mariñas indican que ten que haber moitas máis especies que non están descritas.[9] As dúas especies coñecidas son:

  • Telonema antarctica Thomsen 1992
  • Telonema subtile Griessmann 1913 (sinónimo Telonema subtilis Griessmann, 1913)[10]

Notas

  1. "Copia arquivada". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 09 de xaneiro de 2007. Consultado o 27 de xuño de 2012.
  2. Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Eikrem W, Klaveness D, Vaulot D, Minge M, Le Gall F, Romari K, Throndsen J, Botnen A, Massana R, Thomsen H, Jakobsen K (2006). "Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages". Proc Biol Sci 273 (1595): 1833–42. PMC 1634789. PMID 16790418. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3515.
  3. "Copia arquivada". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 23 de febreiro de 2007. Consultado o 27 de xuño de 2012.
  4. Reeb, Vc; Peglar, Mt; Yoon, Hs; Bai, Jr; Wu, M; Siu, P; Grafenberg, Jl; Reyes-Prieto, A; Rümmele, Se; Gross, J; Bhattacharya, D (2009). "Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 53 (1): 202–11. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19398025. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012.
  5. Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). "Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal That Two Enigmatic Protist Lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, Are Related to Photosynthetic Chromalveolates". Genome Biology and Evolution 1: 231–8. PMC 2817417. PMID 20333193. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. Arquivado dende o orixinal (Free full text) o 10 de xullo de 2012. Consultado o 27 de xuño de 2012.
  6. Lefèvre, E; Roussel, B; Amblard, C; Sime-Ngando, T (2008). Ibelings, Bas, ed. "The Molecular Diversity of Freshwater Picoeukaryotes Reveals High Occurrence of Putative Parasitoids in the Plankton" (Free full text). PLoS ONE 3 (6): e2324. PMC 2396521. PMID 18545660. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002324.
  7. Bråte, J; Klaveness, D; Rygh, T; Jakobsen, K.S; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2010). "Telonemia-specific environmental 18S rDNA PCR reveals unknown diversity and multiple marine-freshwater colonizations" (Free full text). BMC Microbiology 10: 168. PMC 2891722. PMID 20534135. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-168.
  8. Dag Klaveness1, Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Thomsen, H.A.; Eikrem, W; Jakobsen, K.S (2005). "Telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55 (6): 2595–2604. PMID 16280533. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63652-0. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 29 de decembro de 2010. Consultado o 27 de xuño de 2012.
  9. Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Kauserud, H; Massana, R; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, Ks (2007). "Analysis of environmental 18S ribosomal RNA sequences reveals unknown diversity of the cosmopolitan phylum Telonemia". Protist 158 (2): 173–80. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17196879. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.10.003.
  10. "European Marine Biodiversity Research Sites". MarBEF. Flanders Marine Institute. 2004.

Véxase tamén

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wikipedia gl Galician

Telonemios: Brief Summary ( galicien )

fourni par wikipedia gl Galician

Os telonemios ou Telonemia son un grupo de microorganismos eucarióticos unicelulares, xeralmente considerados un filo, pero de clasificación insegura. Son protistas que poden ter grande importancia evolutiva, xa que se suxeriu que poderían ser formas de transición entre as especies heterótrofas ecoloxicamente importantes e as fotosintéticas de cromalveolados.

Nalgunhas publicacións están incluídos no supergrupo SAR. As análises filoxenómicas de 127 xenes sitúan a Telonemia xunto cos Centroheliozoa nun grupo do que tamén forman parte as criptomónadas (ou criptófitas) e as haptófitas chamado Hacrobia.

Aínda que foron estudados principalmente en ambientes mariños, tamén se poden encontrar en augas doces.

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Telonemia ( portugais )

fourni par wikipedia PT

Telonemia é um filo de eucariontes unicelulares recém descrito. Tem uma importância evolucionária significativa sendo considerada a forma transicional entre os organismos heterotróficos e fotossintéticos do clado Chromalveolata.[1]

Reeb e colaboradores classificam o grupo no supergrupo SAR.[2] Análises filogenéticas de 127 genes colocam o Telonemia junto com o Centroheliozoa no grupo da Cryptophyta e Haptophyta[3]

Espécies

Embora apenas duas espécies tenham sido formalmente descritas,[4] sequências de DNA coletadas em águas marinhas sugerem haver mais espécies ainda não estudadas.[5]

  • Telonema antarctica Thomsen 1992
  • Telonema subtile Griessmann 1913 (sinônimo Telonema subtilis Griessmann, 1913)[6]

Referências

  1. Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Eikrem W, Klaveness D, Vaulot D, Minge M, Le Gall F, Romari K, Throndsen J, Botnen A, Massana R, Thomsen H, Jakobsen K (2006). «Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages». Proc Biol Sci. 273 (1595): 1833–42. PMID 16790418. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3515
  2. Reeb, Vc; Peglar, Mt; Yoon, Hs; Bai, Jr; Wu, M; Siu, P; Grafenberg, Jl; Reyes-Prieto, A; Rümmele, Se; Gross, J; Bhattacharya, D (2009). «Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists.». Molecular phylogenetics and evolution. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19398025. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012
  3. Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). «Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates.». Genome Biology and Evolution. doi:doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022 Verifique |doi= (ajuda)
  4. Dag Klaveness1, Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Thomsen, H.A.; Eikrem, W; Jakobsen, K.S (2005). «Telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate.». Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 55 (6): 2595–2604. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63652-0
  5. Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Kauserud, H; Massana, R; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, Ks (abril de 2007). «Analysis of environmental 18S ribosomal RNA sequences reveals unknown diversity of the cosmopolitan phylum Telonemia.». Protist. 158 (2): 173–80. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17196879. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.10.003
  6. «European Marine Biodiversity Research Sites». MarBEF. Flanders Marine Institute. 2004
 title=
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Telonemia: Brief Summary ( portugais )

fourni par wikipedia PT

Telonemia é um filo de eucariontes unicelulares recém descrito. Tem uma importância evolucionária significativa sendo considerada a forma transicional entre os organismos heterotróficos e fotossintéticos do clado Chromalveolata.

Reeb e colaboradores classificam o grupo no supergrupo SAR. Análises filogenéticas de 127 genes colocam o Telonemia junto com o Centroheliozoa no grupo da Cryptophyta e Haptophyta

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텔로네마류 ( coréen )

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텔로네마류 또는 텔로네미아(Telonemia)는 진핵생물에 속하는 단세포 미생물 분류군의 하나이다.[1]

하위 종

공식적으로 기록된 종은 단 2종에 불과하지만,[2] 해수로부터 수집한 DNA 염기 서열 정보에 의하면, 좀 더 많은 종이 제안되고 있다.[3]

  • Lateronema
    • Lateronema antarctica
  • Telonema
    • Telonema antarctica Thomsen 1992
    • Telonema subtile Griessmann 1913 [4]

계통 분류

다음은 아들(Adl et al. 2012)과 부르키(Burki, 2014/2016) 등의 진핵생물 계통 분류이다.[5][6][7]

진핵생물 AH/SAR 원시색소체생물    

홍조식물

   

피코조아

     

회청조식물

   

녹색식물 (좁은 의미의 식물)



크립티스타


     

합티스타


TSAR

텔로네마류

SAR 할바리아

부등편모조류

   

피하낭류

     

리자리아

   
     

디스코바

단편모생물

아메바류

오바조아

아푸소모나스목

후편모생물

홀로미코타(균류 포함)

   

홀로조아(동물 포함)

         

2016년 실라(Silar)에 의한 하크로비아의 계통 분류는 다음과 같다.[8][9]

하크로비아 넓은 의미의 크립티스타 코르비헬리아 엔도헬레아상강

엔도헬레아강

  코르비스토마상강  

피코모나스강

   

텔로네마강

      좁은 의미의 크립티스타 팔피토아문

팔피토강

  롤로모나스아문 레우크립토스상강

레우코크립토스강

은편모조류

고니오모나스강

   

은편모조강

          합티스타 육질태양충류

육질태양충강

착편모조아문 Rappemonada

Rappephyceae

  Haptomonada  

파블로바강

   

후각편모조강

         

각주

  1. “Apollon: Found Unknown Group of Oceanic Life Forms”. 2007년 1월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 1월 2일에 확인함.
  2. Dag Klaveness1, Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Thomsen, H.A.; Eikrem, W; Jakobsen, K.S (2005). “Telonema antarcticum sp. nov., a common marine phagotrophic flagellate”. 《Int J Syst Evol Microbiol》 55 (6): 2595–2604. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63652-0. PMID 16280533. 2010년 12월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 1월 2일에 확인함.
  3. Shalchian-Tabrizi, K; Kauserud, H; Massana, R; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, Ks (2007년 Apr월). “Analysis of environmental 18S ribosomal RNA sequences reveals unknown diversity of the cosmopolitan phylum Telonemia”. 《Protist》 158 (2): 173–80. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2006.10.003. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17196879.
  4. “European Marine Biodiversity Research Sites”. 《MarBEF》. Flanders Marine Institute. 2004.
  5. Burki, F. (2014). “The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective”. 《Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology》 6: 1–17. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147.
  6. Burki, Fabien; Kaplan, Maia; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Zlatogursky, Vasily; Minh, Bui Quang; Radaykina, Liudmila V.; Smirnov, Alexey; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2016년 1월 27일). “Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista”. 《Proc. R. Soc. B》 283 (1823): 20152802. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802. PMC 4795036. PMID 26817772.
  7. Karnkowska, Anna; Vacek, Vojtěch; Zubáčová, Zuzana; Treitli, Sebastian C.; Petrželková, Romana; Eme, Laura; Novák, Lukáš; Žárský, Vojtěch; Barlow, Lael D. (2016). “A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle”. 《Current Biology》 26 (10): 1274–1284. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053.
  8. Silar, Philippe (2016), “Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes”, 《HAL archives-ouvertes》: 1–462
  9. Ruggiero; 외. (2015), “Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms”, 《PLoS ONE》 10 (4): e0119248, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
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