Hummingbird moths are also known as white-lined sphinx moths. When the caterpillars are threatened they assume a position that resembles the Sphinx monument of Egypt. However, since they resemble hummingbirds, they are more commonly known as hummingbird moths. The sound of their beating wings is like that of hummingbirds. (Holzberg, 1999)
There is very little published about this species. Hummingbird moths are not readily studied and many things about them, such as their reproductive habits and behavioral patterns, are yet to be fully understood.
This species is not currently considered threatened on the state, federal, or global level.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
Larvae of the closely related sphinx moth, called hornworms, are pests to tobacco and tomato plants as they oftentimes feed on them.
Hummingbird moths have little or no economic importance to humans. They are pollinators of some flowers, including the dune primrose. (Nicholson, 1999)
Hummingbird moths have a proboscis used to suck nectar from flowers. They feed from a variety of flowers, including honeysuckle, beebalm, lilac, snowberry and cranberry. They hover above the flowers and are often mistaken for hummingbirds. Their caterpillars feed on a variety of hosts, including honeysuckle, snowberry, hawthorns, cherries and plums. (Nicholson, 1999)
Hemaris thysbe may be found as far north as Alaska and the Northwest Territories. In the continental United States, Hemaris thysbe they occur west to Oregon. They are most common in the eastern part of the United States, and as far south as Florida and Texas. (Lawrence, 1999)
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
The most common habitats for Hemaris thysbe include cultivated flower gardens, meadows, and forest edges. Hummingbird moths can fly long distances and are migratory. Only a few are able to cross desert regions because the scarcity of food and water. Their flight period is from May to September. (Holzberg, 1999)
Terrestrial Biomes: forest
The average wing span of hummingbird moths range from 4 to 5.5 cm. In adults, the wings are initially dark red to almost black. After their first flight however, some of the scales fall off, leaving clear spots with no scales. Thus, the wings are typically clear with a reddish to brown color border. The forewing cell has a medial row of scales and a dark margin. The body is spindle shaped and varies in color from olive green to reddish-brown. These moths lack the tympana possessed by most other moths. Their antennae are thickened from the base outward, usually to the middle only, and curved at the end. The larva are yellowish-green with darker green lines and reddish brown to dark brown.
(Struttmann, 1999)
Average mass: 3 g.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry
During winter, the larvae burrow in the soil and overwinter as hard-shelled, brown pupae. In May or June, hummingbird moths emerge from the pupae. They then deposit spherical green eggs on the undersides of leaves (usually of host plants). A week later, the larvae hatch and feed on fruit and leaves. Four weeks later, they are fully developed. Pupation occurs in the soil, and adults emerge 2 to 4 weeks later to lay a second generation of eggs. (Lawrence, 1999)
Hemaris thysbe, the hummingbird clearwing, is a moth of the family Sphingidae (hawkmoths). Coloration varies between individuals, but typically the moth is olive green and burgundy on its back, and white or yellow and burgundy on the underside. Its wings are transparent with a reddish-brown border. It has light-colored legs, which combined with the lack of striping on the underside is diagnostic. Beating its wings rapidly, H. thysbe hovers to collect nectar from a variety of flowers. The combination of its appearance and its behavior commonly leads to it being confused with a hummingbird or bumblebee.
Hemaris thysbe is found in a large portion of North America, with a range extending from Alaska to Oregon in the west and from Newfoundland to Florida in the east. It is a migratory species and is most common in southern Ontario and the eastern United States. H. thysbe has two broods a year in the southern portion of its range, but only one in the north. As a caterpillar, it feeds on honeysuckle, dogbane,[1] and several types of fruit trees.
Due to the variable appearance of H. thysbe, it has often been mistakenly described as multiple distinct species. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The moth is a flower pollinator.
The body of an adult Hemaris thysbe moth is spindle shaped, and is largely covered by a thick coat of fur.[2][3] There is significant variation in coloration between individuals. Typically, the back side of the moth is olive to golden-olive on the thorax and burgundy to black with light olive to dark golden patches on the abdomen. The underside of the moth is white to yellow on the thorax and burgundy to black on the abdomen.[4] When it first hatches, the wings of H. thysbe are dark red to black. As it begins to fly, scales fall off leaving a mostly clear wing with reddish-brown borders and veins.[2] The width and shape of the border as well as the patterning of the veins vary between individuals.[5] The moth beats its wings quite rapidly and has a wingspan of 4 to 5.5 centimetres (1.6 to 2.2 in).[2][3] H. thysbe has light-colored, often yellow legs.[4] In general, southern broods and individuals hatched later in the season are darker in color. Southern and eastern populations generally exhibit jagged wing borders, while northern and western ones are usually smooth.[5]
Hemaris thysbe ♂
Hemaris thysbe ♂ △
Hemaris thysbe ♀
Hemaris thysbe ♀ △
The antennae of H. thysbe are thicker at their base and are curved at the ends. Unlike most moths, the species lacks hearing organs.[2] It has compound eyes and well-developed reproductive organs.[5][6] Hemaris thysbe can be distinguished from Hemaris gracilis and Hemaris diffinis by the lack of stripes on the underside of its thorax and by its pale legs.[4] (Legs are reddish in H. gracilis and black in H. diffinis.)[7] The H. thysbe caterpillar is yellowish green with bands of dark green and reddish brown to dark brown.[2] It has a granulose body with small, white spots and a white horn projecting from its posterior.[5]
As a caterpillar, H. thysbe feeds on cherry trees, European cranberry bush, hawthorns, dogbane, honeysuckle, and snowberry.[4] It burrows into the soil to overwinter as a brown, hard-shelled pupa. In the late spring, it emerges as an adult moth. H. thysbe lays green eggs on the underside of plant leaves, which hatch in about a week.[2] Development takes four weeks, after which the caterpillar spins a cocoon at ground level.[2][4] Two to four weeks later a moth emerges for a second breeding cycle before summer's end in southern climates.[2][7] In northern climates, H. thysbe has a single mating cycle per year.[7]
The mating and other behavioral habits of H. thysbe have not been well studied.[2] Adults are most active during the hottest parts of the day, but remain active until sunset.[8] H. thysbe collects nectar from a wide variety of flowers using a long (19–21 millimetres [0.75–0.83 in]) proboscis while hovering above the bloom.[6][8] It shows a preference for pink and purple flowers, moving rapidly from one flower to the next.[6] The moth is considered to be a hummingbird mimic and is frequently mistaken for the bird or for a bumblebee.[4][1]
Hemaris thysbe lives in second-growth forest, in meadows, and is commonly found in cultivated gardens of suburbia.[2][4] H. thysbe is a migratory species, capable of traveling long distances.[2] In single brood regions, adults are found throughout the summer. In the south, adults are present from March to June and from August to October.[5]
H. thysbe is most abundant in the eastern United States and southern Ontario.[2] Its range extends eastward to Newfoundland and westward to Texas, the Great Plains, and into Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.[4] On the west coast of North America, its range extends from Oregon, up to the Yukon Territory and Alaska.[4] It has minimal economic impact to humans, acting neither as a crop pollinator nor as a pest.[2] The moth does, however, pollinate several cultivated flowers, and is the primary pollinator for some species of orchid.[6] H. thysbe is not endangered or threatened.[2]
Hemaris thysbe was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775 as Sesia thysbe in his Systema Entomologiae.[5] The specific name is likely a reference to Thisbe, half of a pair of ill-fated lovers in Ovid's Metamorphoses. The name thus associates the blood-stained scarf of Thisbe to the reddish-brown coloration of the moth.[7]
Due to the variable coloration and wing patterning of H. thysbe, it, along with other members of Hermaris, were described as many different species during the 1800s. In 1971, entomologist Ronald Hodges examined the various forms in detail. He dissected a number of specimens representing the range of H. thysbe's coloration and geographic scope and found no differences in their reproductive organs. He thus concluded that the many variations represent a single species. Species collapsed into H. thysbe include:[5]
Hemaris thysbe, the hummingbird clearwing, is a moth of the family Sphingidae (hawkmoths). Coloration varies between individuals, but typically the moth is olive green and burgundy on its back, and white or yellow and burgundy on the underside. Its wings are transparent with a reddish-brown border. It has light-colored legs, which combined with the lack of striping on the underside is diagnostic. Beating its wings rapidly, H. thysbe hovers to collect nectar from a variety of flowers. The combination of its appearance and its behavior commonly leads to it being confused with a hummingbird or bumblebee.
Hemaris thysbe is found in a large portion of North America, with a range extending from Alaska to Oregon in the west and from Newfoundland to Florida in the east. It is a migratory species and is most common in southern Ontario and the eastern United States. H. thysbe has two broods a year in the southern portion of its range, but only one in the north. As a caterpillar, it feeds on honeysuckle, dogbane, and several types of fruit trees.
Due to the variable appearance of H. thysbe, it has often been mistakenly described as multiple distinct species. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The moth is a flower pollinator.
