Alectryon excelsus (lat. Alectryon excelsus) - sapindaceae fəsiləsinin alektrion cinsinə aid bitki növü.
İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin. Alectryon excelsus (lat. Alectryon excelsus) - sapindaceae fəsiləsinin alektrion cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Ko te Tītoki he rākau whakaruruhau nō te ngahere o Aotearoa. Ko ngā rau he tāwhera. He wherowhero ngā hua. He pango te karihi, ka taona i ōna rā, ka whakawiria hoki, kia taea ai te hinu. Ki ētahi, he ingoa reo Māori anō, arā he Tītongi. Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Alectryon excelsus, ko te ingoa reo Pākehā he New Zealand Ash, engari kāore tērā ingoa e tino rangona ana i ēnei rā.
He whakaahua, he konae mō Tītoki kei te Wikimedia Commons.Ko te Tītoki he rākau whakaruruhau nō te ngahere o Aotearoa. Ko ngā rau he tāwhera. He wherowhero ngā hua. He pango te karihi, ka taona i ōna rā, ka whakawiria hoki, kia taea ai te hinu. Ki ētahi, he ingoa reo Māori anō, arā he Tītongi. Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Alectryon excelsus, ko te ingoa reo Pākehā he New Zealand Ash, engari kāore tērā ingoa e tino rangona ana i ēnei rā.
Alectryon excelsus, commonly known as tītoki, is a shiny-leaved tree native to New Zealand. It is in the family Sapindaceae. It lives in coastal and lowland forests throughout most of the North Island and from Banks Peninsula to central Westland in the South Island.
Pākehā initially called it New Zealand oak, but as with many New Zealand native trees, the Māori name is now more common.
Alectryon excelsus is a sub-canopy tree growing to 9 m (30 ft) in height. It has a twisting trunk with smooth dark bark, spreading branches and pinnate leaves.[1] Adult leaflets do not have marginal teeth or usually have very few, blunt and shallow marginal teeth and usually leaflet margins are downturned, whereas, in juvenile leaflets have leaflets with strong teeth and flat along the edges.[2] The length of this tree leaf are around 10–30 cm.[3] This tree has pale grey to almost black skin with a smooth skin texture and has a stem diameter that reaches 50 cm or more.[2]
Alectryon excelsus produces small purple flowers in spring and the seeds take up to a year to mature. The female flower has a small anther (‘without pollen’) and a short stemmed sari, whereas, the male flower has a long dangling stamen around the vestigial ovary.[2] The colourful seed is initially contained in a hairy woody capsule which splits revealing bright red and black unpalatable fruit (the black portion being the seed).
Alectryon excelsus is native to New Zealand but can be found in other places around the world. The tree has been located along street verges in San Francisco.[4]
A. excelsus can be found from the North Island to the Westland area of the South Island.[2] The farthest west would be to about Bruce Bay. It is commonly seen in lowland forests from sea level to 600 metres as well as in coastal forests of the North Island. This tree has been seen all over the South Island.
A. excelsus is likely to grow anywhere from lowland forest areas and exposed coastal area sites along with sandy plains.[2] In sandy plains, Alectryon excelsus is often paired with Beilschmiedia tawa (tawa).
This tree likes to grow in the places that have a lot of water such as wetlands.[3] Tītoki tree gravitates towards moist soil which contains many nutrients for growth along with fertile alluvial and sandy soils.[2] The location characteristics best suited for this tree are: ‘fertile, well-drained soils along riverbanks and associated terraces'.[5] The plant can grow in conditions from semi-shade to full sun.[4]
The ovary develops into a hairy and dense capsule with rusty, brown hair. In about one year, the capsule will mature and divide the red flesh tissue that surrounds one large seed.[2] From this cleavage, it will show one large seed which is hidden for one year in the capsule and then, the seeds will fall to the ground and will grow into trees if they fall in the right place to support the growth of the tree or the seeds will be spread by New Zealand birds such as the tūī, kererū, kōkako and black birds.[6] This tree will flower from spring to early summer.[2] Some flowers of this tree are bisexual because female flowers and male flowers are not borne on the same tree.[2]
Predators
The fruit of this tree is usually eaten by possums and birds.[2] Some insects enjoy chewing the bark and the leaves.[6] In addition, the leaves on a small tītoki tree will be targeted by deer.[6]
Parasites
The parasite known as the tītoki fruit borer destroys the seeds of this tree by living inside the capsule and eating the seeds.[6]
The tītoki tree is one of the native trees in New Zealand that was traditionally planted by Māori. Usually, the pulp fruit from this tree is consumed by Māori while the wood is commonly used for making trainers and wheels because the wood is very elastic and strong.[6] Furthermore, grains from this tree are used and processed into hair oil and the leaves of this tree will be soaked in the oil to provide a fragrant aroma.[6] The production of oil is very traditional by crushing the seeds of the tītoki tree using a tourniquet-style hemp bag after that Māori will extract it into greenish oil.[6]
People now use the fruit for liquor production. The fruit attributes sweet and astringent taste factors to the alcohol. This product has been distilled and exported to Australia, Fiji, Japan, and the United Kingdom.[7]
Alectryon excelsus - New Zealand native tree, grows up to 12-20m in height. Tītoki is Māori name, sometimes called NZ oak. You can see the ripe fruits, the capsule splits open, revealing a black seed and flashy red aril - food for kererū and other native birds. 
Alectryon excelsus leaves and bark. Taken from the bush remnants on the west side of Banks Peninsula. Alectryon excelsus, commonly known as tītoki, is a shiny-leaved tree native to New Zealand. It is in the family Sapindaceae. It lives in coastal and lowland forests throughout most of the North Island and from Banks Peninsula to central Westland in the South Island.
Pākehā initially called it New Zealand oak, but as with many New Zealand native trees, the Māori name is now more common.
Alectryon excelsus (Tītoki) es un árbol nativo de Nueva Zelanda, que se produce en las zonas costeras y tierras bajas forestales.
Tiene brillantes hojas. La floración es en la primavera y las semillas tardar hasta un año para madurar. La semilla inicialmente contenida en una cápsula leñosa peluda, que al partirse, revela la fruta comestible de un aspecto carnoso y de color rojo brillante y una semilla negra en el centro; a partir de la cual los nativos obtienen un extracto de aceite. La fruta es dulce, pero tiene un sabor áspero.
Como es común con la mayoría de árboles nativos de Nueva Zelanda, el nombre maorí Tītoki es ahora el nombre preferido sobre el usado en inglés. Anteriormente se la conocía como "'New Zealand Ash'".
Alectryon excelsus fue descrita por Joseph Gaertner y publicado en De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. . . . 1: 216, en el año 1788.[1]
Alectryon excelsus (Tītoki) es un árbol nativo de Nueva Zelanda, que se produce en las zonas costeras y tierras bajas forestales.
Titoki (Alectryon excelsus) é uma árvore da família Sapindaceae, com origem na Nova Zelândia.
Alectryon excelsus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được Gaertn. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1788.[1]
Bài viết chủ đề phân họ thực vật Sapindoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Alectryon excelsus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được Gaertn. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1788.
Alectryon excelsus Gaertn.
Alectryon excelsus (маорийское название — титоки (маори tītoki) — вид из рода Алектрион (Alectryon) семейства Сапиндовые (Sapindaceae). Эндемик Новой Зеландии.
В составе вида выделяются два подвида:
Alectryon excelsus произрастает на островах Северный и Южный (от местечка Те-Паки до полуострова Банкс). Предпочитает плодородные почвы с хорошим дренажем, часто встречается на аллювиальных почвах вдоль побережья рек. Является одним из основных компонентов прибрежных лесов. Широко распространён на островах залива Хаураки[2][3].
Подвид Alectryon excelsus subsp. grandis встречается только на архипелаге Три-Кингс, где также является одним из основных растений прибрежных лесов[4].
Alectryon excelsus представляет собой дерево высотой до 20 м с раскидистой кроной. Кора коричневая[2].
Ветки плотные, стоячие. Побеги, цветки, плоды и листья покрыты многочисленными бархатистыми волосками. Взрослые листья тёмно-зелёного цвета, изначально глянцевые, по мере взросления становятся матовыми[5]. Непарноперистые, чередующиеся, длиной 80-260 мм. 3-7 пар листовых пластинок длиной 45-105 мм, шириной 19-40 мм. Листовые пластинки полукожистые, ланцетные, вытянутые или слегка овальные, кончики часто заострённые (изредка тупые)[2].
Соцветия внепазушные, длиной 90-120 мм, представляют собой маловетвящиеся метёлки. Цветение длится с октября по декабрь. Цветки двуполые или тычиночные (мужские). Лепестки отсутствуют. Тычинок в двуполых цветках — 5-8, в мужских — 6-10, тёмно-красного цвета. Плодоношение с ноября по август. Плод бесчерешковый, с 1-2 долями, длиной 14-20 мм, шириной 9-14 мм. Семя имеет размеры 7-10 × 4-8 мм, чёрное, блестящее, окружено ярко-красным мясистым образованием[2][5].
Подвид Alectryon excelsus subsp. grandis представляет собой более кустарник или мелкое дерево, с несколькими стволами, с глянцевыми листья, с 2-4 парами широких продолговатых или овальных листовых пластинок[4].
Древесина растения легко обрабатывается, в прошлом широко использовалась при изготовления рукояток различных инструментов, хомутов и в каретостроении[6].
Представители коренного новозеландского народа, маори, также использовали семена дерева для производства масла, которое применялось при ушных болях и болезнях глаз, а также при кожных заболеваниях[7].
Alectryon excelsus (маорийское название — титоки (маори tītoki) — вид из рода Алектрион (Alectryon) семейства Сапиндовые (Sapindaceae). Эндемик Новой Зеландии.
