Sebastes chrysomelas és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels sebàstids i a l'ordre dels escorpeniformes.[4][5]
Sebastes prové del mot grec sebastes (august, venerable),[6] mentre que chrysomelas està format per dues paraules gregues que volen dir or i negre.[7]
Fa 39 cm de llargària màxima[8][7] i és de color olivaci a negre a les parts fosques i groc a les àrees clares. Presenta 3 o més taques clares al dors fosc (les quals s'estenen sobre l'aleta dorsal) i taques clares i trencades al llarg de la línia lateral.[7] Peritoneu clar. La forma entre els ulls és còncava. 27-28 branquiespines. 6 radis a l'aleta anal.[9] Està estretament relacionada genèticament amb Sebastes carnatus, ja que constitueixen un parell d'espècies germanes simpàtriques que només es diferencien l'una de l'altra pel color: S. carnatus té taques rosades sobre un fons marró, mentre que S. chrysomelas té taques grogues sobre un fons negre.[10] Les anàlisis dels microsatèl·lits suggereixen que representen espècies incipients reproductivament aïllades.[10][11]
És de fecundació interna i vivípar.[12][13] El naixement de les larves té lloc des del gener fins al maig, amb un pic al març.[7][14]
Als Estats Units, es nodreix, durant la nit,[7] de peixos (com ara, Allosmerus elongatus, Sebastes, etc.), crustacis bentònics (Crangon franciscorum, Hemigrapsus nudus, amfípodes, crancs, isòpodes i gambes), crustacis planctònics (Euphausia superba), algues, cnidaris, equinoderms, mol·luscs (poliplacòfors, polps i gastròpodes) i poliquets.[15][16] El seu nivell tròfic és de 3,7.[17]
És un peix marí, demersal (entre la zona intermareal i els 37 m de fondària, normalment fins als 18)[8] i de clima subtropical, el qual viu al Pacífic[8] oriental:[18][7] els forats i esquerdes dels fons rocallosos[8] des de Cape Blanco (Oregon)[7] i Eureka (el nord de Califòrnia, els Estats Units)[8][19] fins a Isla Natividad[7] (Baixa Califòrnia, Mèxic),[20][8][21] incloent-hi el corrent de Califòrnia.[8][22][23][24][25][26][27][3][28][29]
És inofensiu per als humans,[28] el seu índex de vulnerabilitat és de moderat a alt (47 de 100)[30] i la seua longevitat de 22 anys.[31][32] És una espècie comercial molt popular des del segle XIX i avui dia és capturada per bussejadors, pescadors des de la riba i llanxes i vaixells pesquers turístics.[7]
Sebastes chrysomelas és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels sebàstids i a l'ordre dels escorpeniformes.
Sebastes chrysomelas, commonly known as the black-and-yellow rockfish, is a marine fish species of the family Sebastidae. It is found in rocky areas in the Pacific off California and Baja California. Although it is similar in appearance to the China rockfish, the black-and-yellow rockfish lacks the China's long yellow streak. The China rockfish has a continuous yellow band while the black-and-yellow rockfish only has scattered patches of yellow across its body.[2]
Sebastes chrysomelas was first formally described as Sebastichthys chlorostictus in 1881 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert with the type locality given as Monterey, California.[3] Some authorities place this species in the subgenus Pteropodus. The specific name chrysomelas means "gold and black" a reference to the black-and-yellow color of this species.[4]
Sebastes chrysomelas' body is mainly black or brown and consists of yellow to orange spots on its back with a pale underbelly. The body is typically squat and compact, and covered with spines.[5] Around the eyes, there are faint dark stripes and its lower lip is a dark grey color. The yellow spots on the back are the main distinguishing factor between Sebastes chrysomelas and other species of rockfish. Its head consists of 5 pairs of large spines. Their anal fins have 3 spines and 6–7 soft rays, and the pectoral fins have 17–18 rays with a flesh-like appearance. The anal and dorsal fins are mildly venomous which tend to cause a painful wound. The average size of the fish is 39 cm.[6]
Sebastes chrysomelas is a solitary and sedentary fish, and become most active during twilight hours.[7] They are highly territorial once establishing a home and they seldom move more than 2km away from their home. They tend to be aggressive towards other species, as they exclude the similar looking Sebastes carnatus from shallower waters.[6]
Sebastes chrysomelas is a viviparous fish, giving birth to live young. Females tend to mature between 3 and 6 years, whereas, males mature between 3 and 4 years.[6] Mating begins in the latter parts of January to February with spawning occurring between February and July. Females can be seen carrying fertilized eggs for 1–2 months, typically starting in October, and then releasing them as pelagic larvae.[7] The first young settle in kelp beds in June. The estimated life expectancy is up to thirty years.[5]
Sebastes chrysomelas is found in waters around the coast of northern California to central Baja California, Mexico. These waters typically range between 11.0 and 21.4 degrees Celsius.[8] It inhabits intertidal zones and shallow waters up to 37m in-depth. The black-and-yellow rockfish has also been found to inhabit holes and cracks in rocky zones. They can be commonly found around rocky water areas and reefs or near kelp beds.[6]
Sebastes chrysomelas is a carnivorous animal that mainly consumes crustaceans, mollusks and various fishes. It is a nocturnal predator, typically ambushing its prey between dusk and dawn. The main predator of adult Sebastes chrysomelas are sharks, dolphins, and seals, while juveniles are hunted by birds, porpoises, fishes, lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, cabezon, Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, and salmon.[6]
A potential PCR-RFLP genetic sex marker developed for gopher rockfish.[9] In the original study, the marker was able to successfully distinguish male and female black-and-yellow rockfish,[9] but it was unsuccessful in a subsequent study using the same method.[10]
Sebastes chrysomelas is considered to be a highly palatable food fish. They have been an important commercial species which commanded fairly high prices throughout their range. This species is still an important component of fisheries in central and northern California. They are also a frequent quarry for recreational anglers both from shore and from boats.[5]
Sebastes chrysomelas, commonly known as the black-and-yellow rockfish, is a marine fish species of the family Sebastidae. It is found in rocky areas in the Pacific off California and Baja California. Although it is similar in appearance to the China rockfish, the black-and-yellow rockfish lacks the China's long yellow streak. The China rockfish has a continuous yellow band while the black-and-yellow rockfish only has scattered patches of yellow across its body.
The black-and-yellow rockfish has speckles that are similar to the China rockfish, but lacks the long yellow streak starting at the foredorsal fin curves.
Sebastes chrysomelas Sebastes generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sebastidae familian sailkatzen da.
Sebastes chrysomelas Sebastes generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sebastidae familian sailkatzen da.
Sebastes chrysomelas is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van schorpioenvissen (Sebastidae).[1] De soort is voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven in 1881 door Jordan & Gilbert.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
黃黑平鮋，為輻鰭魚綱鮋形目鮋亞目平鮋科的其中一種，為亞熱帶海水魚，分布於東太平洋美國加州北部至墨西哥下加利福尼亞中部海域，棲息深度0-37公尺，體長可達39公分，棲息在岩石底質底層水域，卵胎生，生活習性不明。
这是一篇鮋形目小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 黃黑平鮋，為輻鰭魚綱鮋形目鮋亞目平鮋科的其中一種，為亞熱帶海水魚，分布於東太平洋美國加州北部至墨西哥下加利福尼亞中部海域，棲息深度0-37公尺，體長可達39公分，棲息在岩石底質底層水域，卵胎生，生活習性不明。
