Synodus similis McCulloch 1921

A benthic species found over soft bottoms of inshore waters (Ref. 7300, 75154). Spends most of its time lurking on sand or rubble near rock outcrops (Ref. 30464). Minimum depth from Ref. 75154.

Synodus similis McCulloch, 1921

Synodus similis McCulloch, 1921:167 [Queensland, Australia].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Holotype: QM I.3542, AUSTRALIA (Capricorn Group). NEW ZEALAND (3): NMNZ 6166 (2), 6167 (1). RAPA ISLAND (1): BPBM 13061.

DIAGNOSIS AND COMPARISONS.—A species of Synodus with the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays (branched and unbranched) 13–14 (usually 14); anal-fin rays 9–10 (usually 10); pored lateral-line scales 58–59 (usually 59); transverse scale rows 3.5/6; vertebrae 58-59 (usually 59); combined dorsal and anal procurrent rays 29–33; anterior palatine teeth longest and in a discrete group; peritoneal spots 10–12; posterior pelvic process wide. Two or three black pigment spots on upper distal corner of operculum (posteriormost very small when present).

Synodus similis has two discrete operculum spots. Synodus hoshinonis has one large spot. Synodus indicus has two discrete spots smaller than those of S. similis. The pectoral fin of S. similis reaches a line from the origin of the pelvic fin to the origin of the dorsal fin. The pectoral fin of S. indicus is short of this line. The remaining species of Indo-West Pacific Synodus do not have opercular spots.

DESCRIPTION (holotype plus range).—Dorsal-fin rays 13(13–14); anal-fin rays 9(9–11); pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays 8; procurrent rays 32 (29–33), dorsal 16(15–17), anal 16(14–16); lateral line continuous, 58(58–59) pored scales; scale rows above lateral line from dorsal origin 3.5; scale rows below lateral line to anal origin 6; predorsal scales 15–16; rows of cheek scales 4; vertebrae 58(58–59); peritoneal spots 11(10–12).

Percentages of Standard Length: Mean (range): head length 28.6(27.0–30.3); snout length 6.8(5.6–7.4); upper jaw length 16.7(14.9–18.3); diameter of bony orbit 5.2(4.7–5.7); least width of bony interorbital 3.6(3.0–4.0); snout to dorsal origin 42.2(41.0–43.2); snout to adipose origin 85.3(84.2–87.0); snout to anal origin 77.5(74.4–79.6); snout to pelvic insertion 34.6(34.0–35.9); snout to pectoral insertion 26.8(25.6–28.5); first-dorsal-ray length 9.5(8.7–10.3); longest-dorsal-ray length 15.2(13.3–17.4); pectoral-fin length 12.8(12.3–13.3); pelvic-fin length 25.3(23.6–26.9); dorsal-fin base 16.1(15.2–17.1); anal-fin base 9.1(8.3–10.1); based on 5 specimens 112.2 to 162.0 mm SL.

Body fusiform, head somewhat depressed, caudal region a little compressed. Large cycloid scales on body, cheeks, and operculum, postoral portion of cheeks scaly. Snout sharply pointed, broader than long; the anterior nostril on each side bearing a short rounded process not extending beyond margin of nares when depressed anteriorly. Interorbital space concave, occipital region bony. Palatine teeth in an elongate V-shaped pad, teeth pointing backwardly, those in front largest and in a discrete group. Lingual teeth well developed, those on free end of tongue largest and about 50 in number. Teeth caniniform, larger teeth with arrows-shaped tips. Pectoral fins reaching a line from base of pelvic fins to origin of dorsal fin. Outer pelvic ray unbranched and short, fifth branched ray (sixth ray) longest. Posterior bony process of pelvic girdle broad. Peritoneum pale.

COLOR PATTERN.—Preserved specimens with poorly distinguished markings (some evidence of dorsal saddle-like bands and lateral patches). A color photo of a fresh specimen taken by J. E. Randall (BPBM 13061, Rapa) indicates well-defined, dorsal, saddle-like, reddish-brown patches and lateral patches of the same color (this same specimen was faded in preservative). The dorsal and anal fins of the photographed specimen are barred.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.—This species has been recorded so far only in the South Pacific from the Tropic of Capricorn and south, extending from the east coast of Australia to Rapa Island at depths of 80 to 110 feet. Allen et al. (1976) record this species (as S. hoshinoms) from Lord Howe Island. Barry C. Russell, author of the synodontid portion of that paper, confirmed that it was actually S. similis.

The lavender lizardfish (Synodus similis) is a lizardfish of the family Synodontidae, found in the western Pacific including Japan, north eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island, and northern New Zealand, at depths down to 75 m. Its length is between 12 and 18 cm.

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Synodus similis Synodus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Synodontidae familian sailkatzen da.

黑點狗母魚，為輻鰭魚綱仙女魚目合齒魚亞目合齒魚科的其中一種，分布於西太平洋的澳洲、紐西蘭、切斯特菲爾德群島海域，棲息深度45-60公尺，體長可達18公分，為底棲性魚類，生活在沙泥底質海域，屬肉食性，生活習性不明。