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Pylochelidae ( anglais )

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The Pylochelidae are a family of hermit crabs. Its members are commonly called the 'symmetrical hermit crabs'.[2] They live in all the world's oceans, except the Arctic and the Antarctic,[2] at depths of 2,000 m (6,600 ft).[3] Due to their cryptic nature and relative scarcity, only around 60 specimens had been collected before 1987, when a monograph was published detailing a further 400.[4]

Pylochelidae (MNHN-IU-2013-2380).jpeg

Description

Unlike other hermit crabs, pylochelid hermit crabs are not markedly asymmetrical, with a straight body and equal numbers of appendages on both sides. This characteristic, together with the partial calcification of the abdomen (which is soft in other hermit crabs) led Edward J. Miers, when describing the first species, to consider it to represent a transition between hermit crabs and "Macrura" (long-tailed decapods, such as lobsters and shrimp).[5] Correspondingly, pylochelid hermit crabs do not usually inhabit gastropod shells, but instead withdraw into decayed pieces of wood, stones, tusk shells (especially Dentaliidae),[6] living sponges,[3] pieces of bamboo or mangroves.[6] Their claws are often adapted to form an operculum, which closes off the entrance to their home.[6]

Distribution

Although the family as a whole has a global distribution, diversity is concentrated in the Indo-Pacific,[5] with only four species being found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea (Cheiroplatea scutata, Pylocheles agassizii, Bathycheles cubensis and Mixtopagurus paradoxus). Pylochelid hermit crabs inhabit a great range in water depths, from 100 to 2,200 m (330 to 7,220 ft),[4] with most living between 200 and 500 m (660 and 1,640 ft) deep.[3]

Genera

The family contains 41 species in 10 genera:[7][8]

References

  1. ^ "Pylochelidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  2. ^ a b P. McLaughlin; S. Ahyong & J. K. Lowry (October 2, 2002). "Pylochelidae Bate, 1888". Anomura: Families. Australian Museum. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Jacques Forest (1987). "Ethology and Distribution of Pylochelidae (Crustacea Decapoda Coenobitoidea)". Bulletin of Marine Science. 41 (2): 309–321.
  4. ^ a b Patsy A. McLaughlin & Rafael Lemaitre (2009). "A new classification for the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) and descriptions of new taxa" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 20: 159–231.
  5. ^ a b Rafael Lemaitre; Patsy A. McLaughlin & Ulf Sorhannus (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2022: 1–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2022.1.1. S2CID 17193077.
  6. ^ a b c "Family PYLOCHELIDAE Bate, 1888". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. September 9, 2009.
  7. ^ Patsy A. McLaughlin; Tomoyuki Komai; Rafael Lemaitre & Dwi Listyo Rahayu (2010). "Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 23: 5–107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-22.
  8. ^ René H.B. Fraaije; Adiël A. Klompmaker & Pedro Artal (2012). "New species, genera and a family of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Anomura, Paguroidea) from a mid-Cretaceous reef of Navarra, northern Spain". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. 263 (1): 85–92. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0213.

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Pylochelidae: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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The Pylochelidae are a family of hermit crabs. Its members are commonly called the 'symmetrical hermit crabs'. They live in all the world's oceans, except the Arctic and the Antarctic, at depths of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Due to their cryptic nature and relative scarcity, only around 60 specimens had been collected before 1987, when a monograph was published detailing a further 400.

Pylochelidae (MNHN-IU-2013-2380).jpeg
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Pylochelidae ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Pylochelidae is een familie van kreeftachtigen uit de klasse van de Malacostraca (hogere kreeftachtigen).

Onderfamilies

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Pylochelidae: Brief Summary ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Pylochelidae is een familie van kreeftachtigen uit de klasse van de Malacostraca (hogere kreeftachtigen).

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ツノガイヤドカリ科 ( japonais )

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ツノガイヤドカリ科
生息年代: Late Jurassic–現世
PylochelesMiersiiRay.jpg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 節足動物門 Arthropoda : 軟甲綱 Malacostraca : 十脚目 Decapoda 上科 : ヤドカリ上科 Paguroidea : ツノガイヤドカリ科 Pylochelidae 学名 Pylochelidae
Bate, 1888[1] タイプ属 Pylocheles A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 シノニム

Pomatochelidae T. R. R. Stebbing, 1914

ツノガイヤドカリ科 (Pylochelidae) はヤドカリの一つ。北極南極を除くほぼ全世界の海洋にみられ、水深2000メートル以浅に生息する[2]。海底の住処に隠れていること、比較的希少であることから、400の標本を詳述したモノグラフが1987年に出版されるまで、およそ60個体程度しか得られていなかった[3]。英語では一般的に"symmetrical hermit crabs"(左右対称のヤドカリ)と呼ばれる[4]

形態[編集]

他のヤドカリと異なり、真っ直ぐな腹部と左右同数の付属肢を持つため、外見は左右対称である。また、腹部は他のヤドカリでは軟らかいところ、本科では部分的に石灰化している。この2つの特徴から、Edward J. Miersが本科最初の種を記載した時には、本科は"異尾類"(ヤドカリ)と"長尾類"(エビ)をつなぐ分類群であるとされた[5]。この腹部のため、巻貝の殻英語版を住処として用いることは少なく、木片・岩・ツノガイの殻[6]海綿[2]マングローブの破片[6]などを用いる。鋏は住処の口を閉じる蓋になるように適応していることが多い[6]

分布[編集]

科全体としての分布域は広いが、その多様性はインド太平洋に偏っており[5]大西洋からは4種(Cheiroplatea scutata, Pylocheles agassizii, Bathycheles cubensisMixtopagurus paradoxus)しか報告がない。北極南極には生息しない[4]。100-2200mの深さから採集記録があるが[3]、通常は200-500mに生息する[2]

分類[編集]

10属に約40種を含む[7][3]

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ Pylochelidae, ITIS, http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=97773 2010年10月8日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c Jacques Forest (1987). “Ethology and Distribution of Pylochelidae (Crustacea Decapoda Coenobitoidea)”. Bulletin of Marine Science 41 (2): 309-321. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1987/00000041/00000002/art00019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Patsy A. McLaughlin & Rafael Lemaitre (2009). “A new classification for the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) and descriptions of new taxa”. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 20: 159–231. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s20/s20rbz159-231.pdf.
  4. ^ a b P. McLaughlin, S. Ahyong & J. K. Lowry (2002年10月2日). “Pylochelidae Bate, 1888”. Anomura: Families. Australian Museum. ^ a b c d Rafael Lemaitre, Patsy A. McLaughlin & Ulf Sorhannus (2009). “Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters”. Zootaxa 2022: 1–14. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/zt02022p014.pdf.
  5. ^ a b c Family PYLOCHELIDAE Bate, 1888”. Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. ^ Patsy A. McLaughlin, Tomoyuki Komai, Rafael Lemaitre & Dwi Listyo Rahayu (2010). Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. In Martyn E. Y. Low and S. H. Tan. “Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea)”. Zootaxa Suppl. 23: 5–107. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s23/s23rbz005-107.pdf.
  6. ^ a b Fraaije, René HB and Krzeminski, Wieslaw and Bakel, Barry WM Van and Krzeminska, Ewa and Jagt, John WM (2012). “The earliest record of pylochelid hermit crabs from the Late Jurassic of southern Poland, with notes on paguroid carapace terminology”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (BioOne) 57 (3): 647-654.
  7. ^ René H.B. Fraaije, Adiël A. Klompmaker & Pedro Artal (2012). “New species, genera and a family of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Anomura, Paguroidea) from a mid-Cretaceous reef of Navarra, northern Spain”. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 263 (1): 85–92. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0213.

外部リンク[編集]

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ツノガイヤドカリ科: Brief Summary ( japonais )

fourni par wikipedia 日本語

ツノガイヤドカリ科 (Pylochelidae) はヤドカリの一つ。北極南極を除くほぼ全世界の海洋にみられ、水深2000メートル以浅に生息する。海底の住処に隠れていること、比較的希少であることから、400の標本を詳述したモノグラフが1987年に出版されるまで、およそ60個体程度しか得られていなかった。英語では一般的に"symmetrical hermit crabs"(左右対称のヤドカリ)と呼ばれる。

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