dcsimg

Comprehensive Description ( anglais )

fourni par Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Sepia mestus Gray, 1849

Solitosepia liliana Iredale, 1926a:188. [Holotype, AM C133300, 110.4 mm SL (116 mm including spine), Manly Beach, NSW (33°48′S, 151°17′E).]

Ascarosepion verreauxi Rochebrune, 1884:98. [Syntypes, MNHNP 1–6–175, 130 mm ML, MNHNP 1–6–176, sepion, 131 mm SL (139 mm including spine), Sydney, NSW (33°53′S, 151°13′E).]

DIAGNOSIS.—Mantle broadly oval; anterior dorsal margin broadly rounded, projecting to level of anterior borders of eyes; ventral margin shallowly emarginate. Swimming membrane of tentacular club (Figure 13a) about 1 times club length. Protective membranes fused at base of club, completely surrounding sucker-bearing face of club. Club suckers in 6 longitudinal series, those in median series slightly larger than other suckers on same row. Arm suckers quadriserial. Mature male without trace of hectocotylization in any arm.

Sepion (Figure 13b,c) oval, broadest in posterior , anterior end slightly acuminate. Dorsal surface convex, with indistinct median rib. Ventral surface flat with narrow, shallow median groove in striated zone. Striae convex, very close together; StrZI about 60–70. Posterior of limbs of inner cone very large, completely fused to outer cone. Spine strong, ventrally keeled, directed upward.

ORIGINAL REFERENCE.—Gray, 1849:108.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Australia.

TYPES.—Syntypes: Sepions only, BMNH 1842.11.9.84, 67 mm SL (71 mm including spine), BMNH 1842.11.11.13, smaller specimen, anterior end missing.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.—Sepions found in eastern Australia from northern Qld (Lizard Island, 14°40′S, 145°28′E) to southern NSW (Twofold Bay, Eden, 37°05′S, 149°54′E). Animals collected only from Sydney region, from rock pools to 146 m deep.
licence
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
citation bibliographique
Voss, N. A. and Sweeney, M. J. 1998. "Systematics and Biogeography of cephalopods. Volume I." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-276. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.586

Sepia mestus ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

Sepia mestus, also known as the reaper cuttlefish or red cuttlefish,[3] is a species of cuttlefish native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean, specifically Escape Reef off Queensland () to Murrays Beach off Jervis Bay (). Reports of this species from China and Vietnam are now known to be misidentifications. S. mestus lives at a depth of between 0 and 22 m.[4]

Sepia mestus exhibits sexual dimorphism. Females grow to a mantle length (ML) of 124 mm, while males do not exceed 77 mm ML.[4]

The type specimen was collected off the Australian coast and is deposited at The Natural History Museum in London.[5]

Anatomy

Cephalopods share many similar anatomical structures and it can be hard to distinguish between different species in certain situations. All cephalopods have a similar basic anatomical plan. Structures include a set of limbs that diverge from the head in a ring around the mouth. Major body parts such as reproductive systems, digestive organs and the gills are contained in the mantle (a muscular bag) at the posterior portion of the animal.[6]

Cuttlefish including S. mestus differ from octopuses as they have an additional pair of limbs that octopuses lack. These limbs are known as feeding tentacles. These tentacles are found between arms three and four. The feeding tentacles are typically used for extended quickly to capture prey.[6]

Sepia mestus is commonly referred to as the red cuttlefish. When undisturbed it is typically recognized by its red colouration and two dark spots on the posterior of the animal.[7]

A photo of Sepia mestus swimming.

Sepia mestus can see contrast between stripes in the what is called the polarizing drum.[8]

Mobility

Sepia mestus propels itself through the water using a technique that is seen in many cephalopods. Water is pushed through a cavity that is formed by the mantle. The animal ejects water from the mantle via a tubular funnel. This technique allows the animal to move through the environment using jet propulsion. A relaxed mantle allows for water to fill the mantle cavity. A contracted mantle forces water out through the tubular funnel. The funnel can be pointed in different directions allowing for movement forward and backward away from predators or towards prey.[6]

Common predators and prey

Some common predators of S. mestus include bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and black seabass (Centropristis striata).[9]

Common prey of S. mestus and other cuttlefish include different species of shrimp, crab, and young fish.[10]

A photo of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), a common predator of S. mestus

Anti-predator behaviour

Video of Sepia mestus hunting in waters off Sydney. (2014)

Camouflage is a distinctive feature of cephalopods, including S. mestus. Cephalopods can change their colour and texture instantaneously to avoid detection.

Small organs in the skin called chromatophores allow for colour change. These chromatophores are very small expandable bags of dense pigment in which a spot of particular colour can be displayed.[6]

Sepia mestus and most other species of cuttlefish can also alter skin texture to blend in with their environment. They push up specialized flaps of skin called papillae to match shapes of rock, coral, and seaweed. When a cuttlefish contracts the rings of muscle around the base of the papillae in different ways, the flaps rise accordingly, changing the appearance of the animal.[6]

Sepia mestus can also bury itself under the sand to avoid predators.[6]

Life cycle and mating behaviour

To attract a potential mate, a male will perform various displays to catch the attention of a female. Once a male is successful in attracting a mate, the male will insert the hectocotylus into the female’s mantle cavity to fertilize the female. The female will then lay her eggs nearby.[11] All cuttlefish, including S. mestus, disperse their eggs by attachment to the sea floor, usually on or under hard surfaces such as rock and coral.[6]

After spawning and brooding, male and female adults usually die shortly after.[11] Like most members of the class Cephalopoda, S. mestus are gonochoric. After the embryos develop for about two months, they will hatch and remain in a planktonic stage briefly before developing into adults.[12]

Distribution

Sepia mestus is endemic to Australia (Reid et al. 2005), ranging along the east coast from northern Queensland to Jervis Bay in New South Wales (Reid et al.2005).[13]

The Great barrier reef off the coast of north eastern Australia is a common habitat of Sepia mestus.

Habitat

Sepia mestus lives in depths up to 22 m.[13] inhabiting a tropical climate[11]

Sepia mestus typically lives on rocky reefs and is typically seen under ledges (Norman 2003).[13]

Many of the world's cuttlefish species are found in Australian waters, including S. mestus.[14]

Conservation status

It is considered of least concern.[13]

Threats

Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cause ocean acidification and are potentially a threat to all cuttlefish species. In high CO2 concentrations, cuttlefishes tend to lay down a denser cuttlebone, which could impair cuttlefish buoyancy regulation (Gutowska et al. 2010).[11]

References

  1. ^ Barratt, I.; Allcock, L. (2012). "Sepia mestus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T162642A934873. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T162642A934873.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Julian Finn (2016). "Sepia mestus Gray, 1849". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  3. ^ "The Reaper Cuttlefish - Whats That Fish!". www.whatsthatfish.com. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
  4. ^ a b Reid, A., P. Jereb, & C.F.E. Roper 2005. Family Sepiidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 1. Rome, FAO. pp. 57–152.
  5. ^ Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Norman, Mark; Reid, Amanda (2000). Guide to Squid, Cuttlefish and Octopuses of Australasia. doi:10.1071/9780643101098. ISBN 9780643101098. S2CID 82485615.
  7. ^ Falkner, Inke; Turnbull, John (2019). Underwater Sydney. doi:10.1071/9781486311194. ISBN 9781486311194.
  8. ^ Talbot, Christopher; Marshall, Justin (2010). "Polarization sensitivity in two species of cuttlefish – Sepia plangon (Gray 1849) and Sepia mestus (Gray 1849) – demonstrated with polarized optomotor stimuli". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (19): 3364–3370. doi:10.1242/jeb.042937. PMID 20833930. S2CID 11048132.
  9. ^ Staudinger, Michelle D.; Buresch, Kendra C.; Mäthger, Lydia M.; Fry, Charlie; McAnulty, Sarah; Ulmer, Kimberly M.; Hanlon, Roger T. (December 2013). "Defensive Responses of Cuttlefish to Different Teleost Predators". The Biological Bulletin. 225 (3): 161–174. doi:10.1086/bblv225n3p161. hdl:1912/6401. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 24445442. S2CID 8828514.
  10. ^ Darmaillacq, Anne-Sophie; Chichery, Raymond; Poirier, Roseline; Dickel, Ludovic (2004). "Effect of early feeding experience on subsequent prey preference by cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis". Developmental Psychobiology. 45 (4): 239–244. doi:10.1002/dev.20034. ISSN 0012-1630. PMID 15549683.
  11. ^ a b c d "Sepia mestus, reaper cuttlefish". sealifebase.ca. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  12. ^ "Cephalopod | class of mollusks". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  13. ^ a b c d "Cuttlefish - Sepia mestus - Details - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  14. ^ Reid, Amanda Louise. (2005). A new cuttlefish, Sepia filibrachia n. sp., from the South China Sea with a redescription of Sepia mestus Gray, 1849 (Cephalopoda:Sepiidae) from eastern Australia. Magnolia Press. OCLC 70894098.

licence
cc-by-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
wikipedia EN

Sepia mestus: Brief Summary ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

Sepia mestus, also known as the reaper cuttlefish or red cuttlefish, is a species of cuttlefish native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean, specifically Escape Reef off Queensland () to Murrays Beach off Jervis Bay (). Reports of this species from China and Vietnam are now known to be misidentifications. S. mestus lives at a depth of between 0 and 22 m.

Sepia mestus exhibits sexual dimorphism. Females grow to a mantle length (ML) of 124 mm, while males do not exceed 77 mm ML.

The type specimen was collected off the Australian coast and is deposited at The Natural History Museum in London.

licence
cc-by-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
wikipedia EN

Sepia mestus ( italien )

fourni par wikipedia IT

La seppia rossa (Sepia mestus Gray, 1849) è un mollusco cefalopode della famiglia Sepiidae, diffuso nelle coste dell'Australia orientale e meridionale.

L'esemplare tipo è stato raccolto al largo della costa australiana ed è depositato al Museo di Storia Naturale di Londra.

Descrizione

 src=
Visione frontale di S. mestus

S. mestus è una delle seppie più piccole. Questa specie può raggiungere i 20 cm di lunghezza del mantello. Mostra dimorfismo sessuale: le femmine raggiungono in media una lunghezza del mantello di 12,4 cm, mentre i maschi non superano i 7,7 cm[1].

L'aspetto è quello comune a tutte le seppie. È dotata di un corpo allungato con mantello di forma circondato da pinne ondeggianti che si uniscono sulla punta favorendo il movimento dell'animale. Il resto del corpo è composto da due grandi occhi e otto piccole braccia che nascondono al centro un becco corneo simile a quello di un pappagallo e due tentacoli più lunghi che presentano le ventose solo all'apice e vengono estroflessi con uno scatto velocissimo per catturare le prede. Dentro il mantello, dove è presente la conchiglia interna del mollusco nota volgarmente come "osso di seppia", l'animale può riempirsi e svuotarsi d'acqua a proprio piacimento in maniera tale da cambiare livello di profondità. Il loro osso di seppia è ovale e largo, con l'estremità anteriore leggermente acuminata; la superficie dorsale è da bluastra a bianca e convessa e la superficie ventrale è piatta con una stretta scanalatura mediana[1].

Come le altre seppie è in grado di mostrare diversi modelli di colore, ma il più tipico e comune è un colore rosso intenso e intenso. S. mestus può essere infatti identificata per il suo colore tipicamente rosso, un paio di macchie nere (ocelli) sulla parte superiore del corpo, un anello giallo-arancio intorno agli occhi (come in Sepia latimanus) e per le braccia corte. Quando ha intenzione di rendere la consistenza della pelle più rugosa e verrucosa, si formano delle papille lungo il corpo, ma non nella testa (come in Sepia apama, con cui condivide l'habitat) o nelle braccia. Nel corpo rossiccio molto spesso si vede una sella chiara, biancastra[1].

Distribuzione e habitat

S. mestus si trova nelle acque al largo dell'Australia orientale e meridionale; il suo areale si estende dal Queensland meridionale al Nuovo Galles del Sud meridionale[1]. Con Sepia apama e Sepia plangon, la seppia rossa è la più comune delle seppie della costa orientale australiana.

S. mestus si trova spesso su scogliere rocciose poco profonde o su fondali di alghe o di sabbia. Si ritiene che la sua gamma di profondità sia compresa tra 1 e 300 m, sebbene sia più spesso osservata su pendii sabbiosi e rocciosi a circa 10-18 m. Nel porto di Sydney si trova spesso sotto i pilastri in decomposizione del molo e durante il giorno nelle sporgenze rocciose[1].

Biologia

S. mestus ha un caratteristico paio di cuscinetti ovali di tessuto spugnoso sul mantello; si sospetta che questi agiscano come cuscinetti di adesione, aiutando l'animale a mantenere la sua posizione nell'acqua turbolenta, caratteristica del suo habitat di acque poco profonde[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e f (EN) Opening Hours 10am-5pmFree General Entry Address 1 William StreetSydney NSW 2010 Australia Phone +61 2 9320 6000 www australian museum Copyright © 2021 The Australian Museum ABN 85 407 224 698 View Museum News, Reaper Cuttlefish, su The Australian Museum. URL consultato il 14 giugno 2021.

 title=
licence
cc-by-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
wikipedia IT

Sepia mestus: Brief Summary ( italien )

fourni par wikipedia IT

La seppia rossa (Sepia mestus Gray, 1849) è un mollusco cefalopode della famiglia Sepiidae, diffuso nelle coste dell'Australia orientale e meridionale.

L'esemplare tipo è stato raccolto al largo della costa australiana ed è depositato al Museo di Storia Naturale di Londra.

licence
cc-by-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
wikipedia IT

Sepia mestus ( néerlandais ; flamand )

fourni par wikipedia NL

Sepia mestus is een soort in de taxonomische indeling van de inktvissen, een klasse dieren die tot de stam der weekdieren (Mollusca) behoort. De inktvis komt enkel in zout water voor en is in staat om van kleur te veranderen. Hij beweegt zich voort door water in zijn mantel te pompen en het er via de sifon weer krachtig uit te persen. De inktvis is een carnivoor en zijn voedsel bestaat voornamelijk uit vis, krabben, kreeften en weekdieren die ze met de zuignappen op hun grijparmen vangen.

De inktvis komt uit het geslacht Sepia en behoort tot de familie Sepiidae. Sepia mestus werd in 1849 beschreven door Gray.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. World Register of Marine Species, Sepia mestus. Marinespecies.org. Geraadpleegd op 3 oktober 2011.
licence
cc-by-sa-3.0
droit d’auteur
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visiter la source
site partenaire
wikipedia NL