Cônes
Le genre Conus rassemble à présent 626 espèces de « coquillages » (mollusques gastéropodes prosobranches)[1]. De très nombreuses espèces fossiles sont également connues. La plupart de ces espèces sont venimeuses et les plus grosses sont dangereuses pour l'homme.
Description
Ce sont des mollusques gastéropodes de taille moyenne à grande, de forme allongée et plus ou moins conique suivant les espèces et qui présentent souvent des ornementations spectaculaires sur leur coquille pour lesquelles ils sont recherchés. L'apex de la coquille peut être arrondi, plat, bombé, pointu ou présenter plusieurs pointes, qui aident à déterminer les nombreuses espèces.
Habitat et répartition
Ce genre est assez typique des eaux chaudes des mers et des océans tropicaux, notamment des écosystèmes coralliens. Cependant, quelques espèces sont adaptées à des environnements tempérés tels que la côte sud africaine autour du Cap de Bonne-Espérance ou les eaux plus froides de Californie du sud, et il en existe quelques espèces (non dangereuses) en Méditerranée.
ce sont presque toutes des espèces sciaphiles : les cônes vivent dissimulés pendant la journée, enfouis dans le sable ou cachés sous des roches, et ne sortent que de nuit pour se nourrir. Il est donc relativement rare de croiser un spécimen vivant pendant une baignade ou une plongée de jour.
Écologie et comportement
Ces animaux sont des chasseurs nocturnes, qui se nourrissent suivant l'espèce d'invertébrés ou de petits poissons, qu'ils chassent à l'affût. Ils attendent immobiles qu'une proie s'approche, et ils éjectent alors par leur siphon une dent radulaire en forme de harpon, enduite de venin (conotoxine[2]) qui paralyse la victime et la tue très rapidement. Ils l'ingèrent ensuite par leur bouche extensible et se cachent pour digérer.
Les cônes connaissent trois types de régimes principaux (pas toujours exclusifs) : vermivores, molluscivores ou piscivores.
- Les vermivores consomment des vers polychètes (nereis, eunicidae)[3] : Conus capitaneus, Conus coronatus, Conus ebraeus, Conus flavidus, Conus imperialis, Conus leopardus, Conus lividus, Conus miles, Conus nussatella, Conus qurcinus, Conus striatellus, Conus vexillum, Conus violaceus, Conus virgo[4]...
- Les molluscivores consomment principalement d'autres gastéropodes : Conus aulicus, Conus episcopatus, Conus gloriamaris, Conus marmoreus, Conus pennaceus, Conus retifer, Conus textile...
- Les piscivores consomment de petits poissons qui vivent ou passent la nuit près du fond : : Conus consor, Conus catus, Conus ermineus, Conus geographus[5], Conus magus[6], Conus mediterraneus, Conus radiatus, Conus tulipa...
Certaines espèces ont cependant un régime mixte ou opportuniste, comme Conus striatus (mollusco-piscivore).
Les cônes consommant de grosses proies ont besoin d'un venin extrêmement puissant pour figer leurs victimes sur place sans qu'elles puissent avoir le temps de s'éloigner, ce qui réduirait les chances du mollusque de les atteindre. Les cônes vivants doivent donc être manipulés avec précaution ou pas manipulés du tout si l'on ne connaît pas l'espèce. Généralement, les cônes de petite taille ont une piqûre guère plus douloureuse que celle d'une abeille mais le venin de certaines grandes espèces tropicales peut être fatal à l'homme : il entraîne la paralysie (notamment des muscles respiratoires), puis la mort, dans 70 % des cas humains, en moins de deux heures. Ce venin fait l'objet d'études par des équipes de biochimistes, notamment l'équipe de Lourdes Cruz aux Philippines[7]. Les espèces les plus dangereuses pour l'Homme sont Conus aulicus, Conus aureus, Conus consors, Conus geographus (venin potentiellement létal), Conus magnificus, Conus magus, Conus marmoreus, Conus obscurus, Conus pennaceus, Conus striatus, Conus textile (venin potentiellement létal) et Conus tulipa (liste non exhaustive). Ce sont pour la plupart des espèces brunes ornées de triangles blancs, même si cette robe peut aussi se retrouver chez des espèces beaucoup moins dangereuses.
Liste des espèces
Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 août 2013)[1] :
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Conus abbas Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus abbreviatus Reeve, 1843
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Conus abrolhosensis Petuch, 1987
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Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791
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Conus aculeiformis Reeve, 1844
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Conus acutangulus Lamarck, 1810
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Conus acutimarginatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1866
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Conus adami Wils, 1988
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Conus adamsonii Broderip, 1836
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Conus advertex (Garrard, 1961)
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Conus aemulus Reeve, 1844
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Conus africanus Kiener, 1845
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Conus alabaster Reeve, 1849
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Conus alainallaryi Bozzetti & Monnier, 2009
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Conus albellus Röckel & Korn, 1990
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Conus albuquerquei Trovão, 1978
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Conus alconnelli da Motta, 1986
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Conus alexandrei (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2012)
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Conus algoensis Sowerby I, 1834
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Conus alisi Moolenbeek, Röckel & Richard, 1995
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Conus allamandi (Petuch, 2013)
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Conus allaryi Bozzetti, 2008
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Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791
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Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844
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Conus ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus amphiurgus Dall, 1889
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Conus amplus Röckel & Korn, 1992
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Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865
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Conus anabelae Rolán & Röckel, 2001
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Conus anaglypticus Crosse, 1865
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Conus andamanensis E. A. Smith, 1879
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Conus andremenezi Olivera & Biggs, 2010
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Conus anemone Lamarck, 1810
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Conus angasi Tryon, 1884
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Conus angioiorum Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992
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Conus anthonyi (Petuch, 1975)
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Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990
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Conus aphrodite Petuch, 1979
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Conus aplustre Reeve, 1843
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Conus araneosus sensu Lightfoot, 1786
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Conus arangoi Sarasúa, 1977
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Conus archetypus Crosse, 1865
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Conus archon Broderip, 1833
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Conus arcuatus Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829
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Conus ardisiaceus Kiener, 1845
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Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus aristophanes G. B. Sowerby II, 1857
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Conus armadillo Shikama, 1971
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Conus armiger Crosse, 1858
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Conus articulatus Sowerby II, 1873
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Conus artoptus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
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Conus asiaticus da Motta, 1985
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Conus ateralbus Kiener, 1845
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Conus athenae Filmer, 2011
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Conus atimovatae (Bozzetti, 2012)
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Conus atlanticoselvagem Afonso & Tenorio, 2004
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Conus attenuatus Reeve, 1844
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Conus augur Lightfoot, 1786
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Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus aurantius Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus auratinus da Motta, 1982
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Conus aureonimbosus Petuch, 1987
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Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus auricomus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus aurisiacus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus australis Holten, 1802
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Conus austroviola Röckel & Korn, 1992
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Conus axelrodi Walls, 1978
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Conus babaensis Rolán & Röckel, 2001
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Conus baccatus G. B. Sowerby III, 1877
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Conus baeri Röckel & Korn, 1992
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Conus baileyi Röckel & da Motta, 1979
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Conus bairstowi Sowerby III, 1889
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Conus bajanensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
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Conus balabacensis Filmer, 2012
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Conus balteatus Sowerby II, 1833
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Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus barbieri G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1995
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Conus barthelemyi Bernardi, 1861
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Conus bartschi G. D. Hanna & Strong, 1949
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Conus bayani Jousseaume, 1872
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Conus bayeri Petuch, 1987
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Conus beatrix Tenorio, Poppe & Tagaro, 2007
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Conus beddomei G. B. Sowerby III, 1901
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Conus belairensis Pin & Leung Tack in Pin, 1989
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Conus belizeanus (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
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Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996
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Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990
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Conus bengalensis (Okutani, 1968)
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Conus berdulinus Veillard, 1972
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Conus bertarollae Costa & Simone, 1997
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Conus bessei Petuch, 1992
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Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus biancae Bozzetti, 2010
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Conus biliosus (Röding, 1798)
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Conus binghamae Petuch, 1987
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Conus biraghii (G. Raybaudi, 1992)
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Conus blanfordianus Crosse, 1867
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Conus boavistensis Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
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Conus bocagei Trovão, 1978
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Conus boeticus Reeve, 1844
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Conus boholensis Petuch, 1979
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Conus bondarevi Röckel & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992
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Conus bonfigliolii (Bozzetti, 2010)
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Conus borgesi Trovão, 1979
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Conus boschorum Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993
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Conus boucheti Richard, 1983
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Conus boutetorum Richard & Rabiller, 2013
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Conus bozzettii Lauer, 1991
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Conus brasiliensis Clench, 1942
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Conus brianhayesi Korn, 2001
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Conus broderipii Reeve, 1844
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Conus bruguieri Kiener, 1846
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Conus brunneofilaris Petuch, 1990
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Conus brunneus Wood, 1828
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Conus bruuni Powell, 1958
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Conus bulbus Reeve, 1843
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Conus bullatus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus buniatus (Bozzetti, 2013)
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Conus burryae Clench, 1942
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Conus buxeus (Röding, 1798)
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Conus byssinus (Röding, 1798)
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Conus cacao Ferrario, 1983
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Conus caillaudii Kiener, 1845
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Conus cakobaui Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus calhetae Rolán, 1990
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Conus californicus Reeve, 1844
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Conus cancellatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus canonicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus capitanellus Fulton, 1938
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Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus capreolus Röckel, 1985
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Conus caracteristicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1807
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Conus cardinalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus cargilei Coltro, 2004
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Conus caribbaeus Clench, 1942
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Conus carioca Petuch, 1986
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Conus carnalis G. B. Sowerby III, 1879
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Conus catus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus cebuensis Wils, 1990
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Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
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Conus centurio Born, 1778
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Conus cepasi Trovão, 1975
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Conus ceruttii Cargile, 1997
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Conus cervus Lamarck, 1822
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Conus chaldaeus (Röding, 1798)
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Conus chiangi (Azuma, 1972)
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Conus chiapponorum Lorenz, 2004
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Conus chytreus Tryon, 1884
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Conus ciderryi da Motta, 1985
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Conus cinereus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus cingulatus Lamarck, 1810
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Conus circumactus Iredale, 1929
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Conus circumcisus Born, 1778
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Conus clarus E. A. Smith, 1881
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Conus claudiae Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
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Conus clerii Reeve, 1844
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Conus cloveri Walls, 1978
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Conus cocceus Reeve, 1844
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Conus coccineus Gmelin, 1791
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Conus coelinae Crosse, 1858
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Conus coffeae Gmelin, 1791
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Conus coletteae (Petuch, 2013)
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Conus colmani Röckel & Korn, 1990
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Conus colombi (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012)
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Conus colombianus Petuch, 1987
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Conus comatosa Pilsbry, 1904
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Conus compressus G. B. Sowerby II, 1866
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Conus consors G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
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Conus corallinus Kiener, 1845
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Conus coriolisi Röckel, Richard & Moolenbeek, 1995
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Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791
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Conus crioulus Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
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Conus crocatus Lamarck, 1810
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Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849
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Conus cumingii Reeve, 1848
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Conus cuna Petuch, 1998
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Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843
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Conus curassaviensis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986
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Conus cuvieri Crosse, 1858
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Conus cyanostoma A. Adams, 1855
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Conus cylindraceus Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1830
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Conus dalli Stearns, 1873
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Conus damasoi Cossignani, 2007
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Conus damottai Trovão, 1979
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Conus dampierensis Coomans & Filmer, 1985
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Conus danilai Röckel & Korn, 1990
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Conus daphne Boivin, 1864
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Conus darkini Röckel, Korn & Richard, 1993
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Conus daucus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus dayriti Röckel & da Motta, 1983
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Conus decoratus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
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Conus dedonderi (Goethaels & D. Monsecour, 2013)
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Conus delanoyae Trovão, 1979
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Conus delessertii Récluz, 1843
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Conus delucai Coltro, 2004
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Conus denizi (Afonso & Tenorio, 2011)
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Conus derrubado Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
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Conus desidiosus A. Adams, 1853
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Conus deynzerorum Petuch, 1995
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Conus diadema G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
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Conus dictator Melvill, 1898
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Conus dieteri Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus diminutus Trovão & Rolán, 1986
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Conus dispar G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
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Conus distans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus dondani Kosuge, 1981
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Conus dorotheae Monnier & Limpalaër, 2010
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Conus dorreensis Péron, 1807
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Conus duffyi Petuch, 1992
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Conus dusaveli (H. Adams, 1872)
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Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975)
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Conus edaphus Dall, 1910
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Conus ednae (Petuch, 2013)
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Conus edwardpauli Petuch, 1998
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Conus eldredi Morrison, 1955
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Conus eleutheraensis (Petuch, 2013)
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Conus elokismenos Kilburn, 1975
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Conus emaciatus Reeve, 1849
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Conus emarginatus Reeve, 1844
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Conus emersoni G. D. Hanna, 1963
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Conus empressae Lorenz, 2001
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Conus encaustus Kiener, 1845
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Conus episcopatus da Motta, 1982
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Conus ermineus Born, 1778
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Conus erythraeensis Reeve, 1843
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Conus escondidai Poppe & Tagaro, 2005
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Conus estivali Moolenbeek & Richard, 1995
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Conus eucoronatus Sowerby III, 1903
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Conus eugrammatus Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
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Conus eversoni Petuch, 1987
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Conus evorai Monteiro, Fernandes & Rolán, 1995
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Conus excelsus G. B. Sowerby III, 1908
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Conus exiguus Lamarck, 1810
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Conus eximius Reeve, 1849
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Conus explorator Vink, 1990
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Conus exumaensis (Petuch, 2013)
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Conus fantasmalis Rolán, 1990
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Conus felitae Rolán, 1990
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Conus felix Fenzan, 2012
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Conus fenzani (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
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Conus fergusoni G. B. Sowerby II, 1873
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Conus fernandesi Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008
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Conus ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus figulinus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus fijiensis Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus fijisulcatus Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus filmeri Rolán & Röckel, 2000
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Conus fischoederi Röckel & da Motta, 1983
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Conus flamingo Petuch, 1980
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Conus flammeacolor Petuch, 1992
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Conus flavescens G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
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Conus flavidus Lamarck, 1810
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Conus flavus Röckel, 1985
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Conus flavusalbus Rolán & Röckel, 2000
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Conus floccatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1841
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Conus floridulus A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
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Conus fluviamaris (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
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Conus fontonae Rolán & Trovão, 1990
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Conus fragilissimus Petuch, 1979
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Conus franciscoi Rolán & Röckel, 2000
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Conus frausseni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
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Conus frigidus Reeve, 1848
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Conus fulmen Reeve, 1843
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Conus fumigatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus furnae Rolán, 1990
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Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
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Conus fuscoflavus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
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Conus fuscolineatus G. B. Sowerby III, 1905
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Conus gabelishi da Motta & Ninomiya, 1982
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Conus gabrielae Rolán & Röckel, 2000
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Conus garciai da Motta, 1982
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Conus garywilsoni Lorenz & Morrison, 2004
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Conus gauguini Richard & Salvat, 1973
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Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767
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Conus genuanus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus gigasulcatus Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus gilberti (Bozzetti, 2012)
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Conus giorossii Bozzetti, 2005
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Conus gladiator Broderip, 1833
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Conus glans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus glaucus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus glenni Petuch, 1993
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Conus glicksteini Petuch, 1987
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Conus gloriakiiensis Kuroda & Itô, 1961
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Conus gloriamaris Chemnitz, 1777
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Conus glorioceanus Poppe & Tagaro, 2009
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Conus gondwanensis Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995
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Conus gordyi Röckel & Bondarev, 2000
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Conus goudeyi (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012)
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Conus gradatulus Weinkauff, 1875
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Conus gradatus W. Wood, 1828
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Conus grahami Röckel, Cosel & Burnay, 1980
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Conus grangeri G. B. Sowerby III, 1900
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Conus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus granum Röckel & Fischöder, 1985
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Conus gratacapii Pilsbry, 1904
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Conus grohi Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
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Conus guanche Lauer, 1993
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Conus gubernator Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus guidopoppei Raybaudi Massilia, 2005
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Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus guyanensis Van Mol, 1973
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Conus habui Lan, 2002
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Conus hamamotoi Yoshiba & Koyama, 1984
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Conus hamanni Fainzilber & Mienis, 1986
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Conus hanshassi (Lorenz & Barbier, 2012)
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Conus harlandi Petuch, 1987
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Conus havanensis Aguayo & Farfante, 1947
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Conus helgae Blöcher, 1992
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Conus henckesi Coltro, 2004
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Conus hennequini Petuch, 1993
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Conus hieroglyphus Duclos, 1833
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Conus hirasei (Kuroda, 1956)
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Conus hivanus Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus honkeri Petuch, 1988
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Conus hopwoodi Tomlin, 1937
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Conus howelli Iredale, 1929
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Conus hunti Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
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Conus hyaena Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus hybridus Kiener, 1845
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Conus iansa Petuch, 1979
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Conus ichinoseanus (Kuroda, 1956)
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Conus ignotus Cargile, 1998
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Conus iheringi Frenguelli, 1946
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Conus ikedai Ninomiya, 1987
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Conus immelmani Korn, 1998
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Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758
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Conus inconstans E. A. Smith, 1877
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Conus infinitus Rolán, 1990
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Conus infrenatus Reeve, 1848
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Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1845
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Conus insculptus Kiener, 1847
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Conus iodostoma Reeve, 1843
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Conus ione Fulton, 1938
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Conus irregularis G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
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Conus isabelarum Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
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Conus jacarusoi Petuch, 1998
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Conus janowskyae (Tucker & Tenorio, 2011)
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Conus janus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
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Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
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Conus jeanmartini G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992
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Conus jeffreyi (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
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Conus jickelii Weinkauff, 1873
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Conus joliveti Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
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Conus jorioi (Petuch, 2013)
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Conus josephinae Rolán, 1980
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Conus jourdani da Motta, 1984
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Conus jucundus G. B. Sowerby III, 1887
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Conus judaeus Bergh, 1895
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Conus julieandreae Cargile, 1995
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Conus julii Lienard, 1870
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Conus kaiserae (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
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Conus kalafuti da Motta, 1987
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Conus kanakinus Richard, 1983
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Conus kawamurai Habe, 1962
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Conus kersteni Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008
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Conus kerstitchi Walls, 1978
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Conus kevani Petuch, 1987
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Conus kiicumulus (Azuma, 1982)
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Conus kimioi (Habe, 1965)
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Conus kinoshitai (Kuroda, 1956)
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Conus kintoki Habe & Kosuge, 1970
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Conus klemae (Cotton, 1953)
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Conus knudseni Sander, 1982
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Conus kohni McLean & Nybakken, 1979
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Conus korni G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993
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Conus kostini Filmer, Monteiro, Lorenz & Verdasca, 2012
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Conus kremerorum Petuch, 1988
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Conus kuiperi Moolenbeek, 2006
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Conus kulkulcan Petuch, 1980
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Conus kuroharai (Habe, 1965)
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Conus lamberti Souverbie, 1877
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Conus lani Crandall, 1979
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Conus laterculatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1870
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Conus laueri (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2013)
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Conus lecourtorum (Lorenz, 2011)
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Conus leekremeri Petuch, 1987
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Conus legatus Lamarck, 1810
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Conus lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
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Conus lenavati da Motta & Röckel, 1982
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Conus lenhilli Cargile, 1998
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Conus lentiginosus Reeve, 1844
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Conus leobottonii Lorenz, 2006
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Conus leobrerai da Motta & Martin, 1982
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Conus leopardus (Röding, 1798)
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Conus levis (Bozzetti, 2012)
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Conus levistimpsoni (Tucker, 2013)
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Conus leviteni (Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011)
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Conus lienardi Bernardi & Crosse, 1861
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Conus lightbourni Petuch, 1986
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Conus limpusi Röckel & Korn, 1990
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Conus lindae Petuch, 1987
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Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
-
Conus litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus litteratus Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus lizardensis Crosse, 1865
-
Conus lizarum (G. Raybaudi Massilia & da Motta, 1992)
-
Conus locumtenens Blumenbach, 1791
-
Conus lohri Kilburn, 1972
-
Conus longilineus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
-
Conus longurionis Kiener, 1850
-
Conus lorenzi (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012)
-
Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995
-
Conus lozeti Richard, 1980
-
Conus lucasi (Bozzetti, 2010)
-
Conus luciae Moolenbeek, 1986
-
Conus lucidus W. Wood, 1828
-
Conus lugubris Reeve, 1849
-
Conus luquei Rolán & Trovão, 1990
-
Conus luteus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus lynceus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
-
Conus mackintoshi (Petuch, 2013)
-
Conus madagascariensis G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
-
Conus madecassinus (Bozzetti, 2012)
-
Conus magellanicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus magnificus Reeve, 1843
-
Conus magnottei Petuch, 1987
-
Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus mahogani Reeve, 1843
-
Conus maioensis Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990
-
Conus malacanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus mappa Lightfoot, 1786
-
Conus marchionatus Hinds, 1843
-
Conus marielae Rehder & Wilson, 1975
-
Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus martensi E. A. Smith, 1884
-
Conus mauricioi Coltro, 2004
-
Conus maya (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
-
Conus mayaguensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
-
Conus mazei Deshayes, 1874
-
Conus mcbridei Lorenz, 2005
-
Conus mcgintyi Pilsbry, 1955
-
Conus medoci Lorenz, 2004
-
Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008
-
Conus melvilli G. B. Sowerby III, 1879
-
Conus memiae (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
-
Conus mercator Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus merleti Mayissian, 1974
-
Conus messiasi Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
-
Conus micropunctatus Rolán & Röckel, 2000
-
Conus miles Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus milesi E. A. Smith, 1887
-
Conus miliaris Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume, 1894
-
Conus mindanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus miniexcelsus Olivera & Biggs, 2010
-
Conus minnamurra (Garrard, 1961)
-
Conus miruchae Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
-
Conus mitratus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus moluccensis Küster, 1838
-
Conus monachus Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus monile Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus monilifer Broderip, 1833
-
Conus moolenbeeki Filmer, 2011
-
Conus mordeirae Rolán & Trovão, 1990
-
Conus moreleti Crosse, 1858
-
Conus morrisoni G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1991
-
Conus mozambicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus mucronatus Reeve, 1843
-
Conus mulderi Fulton, 1936
-
Conus muriculatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus mus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus musicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus mustelinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus namocanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus nanus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus naranjus Trovão, 1975
-
Conus natalis Sowerby II, 1858
-
Conus navarroi Rolán, 1986
-
Conus neoguttatus da Motta, 1991
-
Conus neptunus Reeve, 1843
-
Conus niederhoeferi (Monnier, Limpalaër & Lorenz, 2012)
-
Conus nielsenae Marsh, 1962
-
Conus nigromaculatus Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992
-
Conus nimbosus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus nobrei Trovão, 1975
-
Conus nocturnus Lightfoot, 1786
-
Conus nodulosus G. B. Sowerby II, 1864
-
Conus novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1855
-
Conus nucleus Reeve, 1848
-
Conus nussatella Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus nux Broderip, 1833
-
Conus nybakkeni (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
-
Conus obscurus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus ochroleucus Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus oishii (Shikama, 1977)
-
Conus oleiniki (Petuch, 2013)
-
Conus olgae Bacallado, Espinosa & Ortea, 2007
-
Conus olgiatii Bozzetti, 2007
-
Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus orbignyi Audouin, 1831
-
Conus orion Broderip, 1833
-
Conus ortneri Petuch, 1998
-
Conus ostrinus (Tucker & Tenorio, 2011)
-
Conus otohimeae Kuroda & Itô, 1961
-
Conus pacei Petuch, 1987
-
Conus pacificus Moolenbeek & Röckel, 1996
-
Conus pagodus Kiener, 1845
-
Conus papilliferus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
-
Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1982
-
Conus paraguana Petuch, 1987
-
Conus parascalaris Petuch, 1987
-
Conus parius Reeve, 1844
-
Conus parvatus Walls, 1979
-
Conus patae Abbott, 1971
-
Conus patglicksteinae Petuch, 1987
-
Conus patricius Hinds, 1843
-
Conus paukstisi (Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011)
-
Conus paulae Petuch, 1988
-
Conus paulucciae G. B. Sowerby III, 1887
-
Conus pauperculus G. B. Sowerby II, 1834
-
Conus pealii Green, 1830
-
Conus peli Moolenbeek, 1996
-
Conus penchaszadehi Petuch, 1986
-
Conus pennaceus Born, 1778
-
Conus pepeiu Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
-
Conus pergrandis (Iredale, 1937)
-
Conus perplexus G. B. Sowerby II, 1857
-
Conus perprotractus Petuch, 1987
-
Conus pertusus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus pfluegeri Petuch, 2003
-
Conus philippii Kiener, 1845
-
Conus pica A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
-
Conus pictus Reeve, 1843
-
Conus pineaui Pin & Leung Tack, 1989
-
Conus planorbis Born, 1778
-
Conus platensis Frenguelli, 1946 †
-
Conus plinthis Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988
-
Conus polongimarumai Kosuge, 1980
-
Conus poormani Berry, 1968
-
Conus portobeloensis Petuch, 1990
-
Conus poulosi Petuch, 1993
-
Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1855
-
Conus pretiosus G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874
-
Conus primus Röckel & Korn, 1990
-
Conus princeps Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus priscai (Bozzetti, 2012)
-
Conus profundorum (Kuroda, 1956)
-
Conus proximus G. B. Sowerby II, 1860
-
Conus pseudaurantius Vink & Cosel, 1985
-
Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
-
Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
-
Conus pseudokimioi da Motta & Martin, 1982
-
Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
-
Conus pseudorbignyi Röckel & Lan, 1981
-
Conus pulcher (Lightfoot), 1786
-
Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus puncticulatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus purissimus Filmer, 2011
-
Conus purpurascens G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus pusio Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus queenslandis da Motta, 1984
-
Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786
-
Conus quiquandoni Lorenz & Barbier, 2008
-
Conus rachelae Petuch, 1988
-
Conus radiatus Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus rainesae McGinty, 1953
-
Conus ranonganus da Motta, 1978
-
Conus raoulensis Powell, 1958
-
Conus rattus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus raulsilvai Rolán, Monteiro & Fernandes, 1998
-
Conus rawaiensis da Motta, 1978
-
Conus recluzianus Bernardi, 1853
-
Conus recurvus Broderip, 1833
-
Conus reductaspiralis Walls, 1979
-
Conus regius Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus regonae Rolán & Trovão, 1990
-
Conus regularis G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus retifer Menke, 1829
-
Conus richardbinghami Petuch, 1993
-
Conus richardsae Röckel & Korn, 1992
-
Conus richeri Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988
-
Conus ritae Petuch, 1995
-
Conus rizali Olivera & Biggs, 2010
-
Conus roatanensis (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
-
Conus roberti Richard, 2009
-
Conus robini (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2012)
-
Conus roeckeli Rolán, 1980
-
Conus rolani Röckel, 1986
-
Conus rosalindensis Petuch, 1998
-
Conus rosemaryae Petuch, 1990
-
Conus roseorapum G. Raybaudi & da Motta, 1990
-
Conus royaikeni (S. G. Veldsman, 2010)
-
Conus rufimaculosus Macpherson, 1959
-
Conus ruthae (Monnier & Limpalaër, 2013)
-
Conus rutilus Menke, 1843
-
Conus saecularis Melvill, 1898
-
Conus sagei Korn & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993
-
Conus sahlbergi da Motta & Harland, 1986
-
Conus salreiensis Rolán, 1980
-
Conus salzmanni G. Raybaudi-Massilia & Rolán, 1997
-
Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
-
Conus sandwichensis Walls, 1978
-
Conus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834
-
Conus saragasae Rolán, 1986
-
Conus sargenti (Petuch, 2013)
-
Conus sauros Garcia, 2006
-
Conus sazanka Shikama, 1970
-
Conus scalaris Valenciennes, 1832
-
Conus scalarispira (Bozzetti, 2012)
-
Conus scalarissimus da Motta, 1988
-
Conus scalptus Reeve, 1843
-
Conus scariphus Dall, 1910
-
Conus schirrmeisteri Coltro, 2004
-
Conus scopulicola (Okutani, 1972)
-
Conus scopulorum van Mol, Tursch & Kempf, 1971
-
Conus scottjordani (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012)
-
Conus sculletti Marsh, 1962
-
Conus sculpturatus Röckel & da Motta, 1986
-
Conus serranegrae Rolán, 1990
-
Conus sertacinctus Röckel, 1986
-
Conus shaskyi (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
-
Conus shikamai Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils, 1985
-
Conus sieboldii Reeve, 1848
-
Conus simonis Bozzetti, 2010
-
Conus skoglundae (Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012)
-
Conus smirna Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
-
Conus sogodensis (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012)
-
Conus solangeae Bozzetti, 2004
-
Conus solomonensis Delsaerdt, 1992
-
Conus somalicus (Bozzetti, 2013)
-
Conus sorenseni Sander, 1982
-
Conus spectrum Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus sphacelatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus spiceri Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
-
Conus spirofilis Habe & Kosuge, 1970
-
Conus splendidulus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus stanfieldi Petuch, 1998
-
Conus stearnsii Conrad, 1869
-
Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus stigmaticus A. Adams, 1855
-
Conus stimpsoni Dall, 1902
-
Conus stocki Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1990
-
Conus stramineus Lamarck, 1810
-
Conus straturatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1865
-
Conus striatellus Link, 1807
-
Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus striolatus Kiener, 1845
-
Conus stupa (Kuroda, 1956)
-
Conus stupella (Kuroda, 1956)
-
Conus submarginatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1870
-
Conus suduirauti Raybaudi Massilia, 2004
-
Conus sugimotonis Kuroda, 1928
-
Conus sukhadwalai Röckel & da Motta, 1983
-
Conus sulcatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus sulcocastaneus Kosuge, 1981
-
Conus sunderlandi Petuch, 1987
-
Conus suratensis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus sutanorcum Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008
-
Conus suturatus Reeve, 1844
-
Conus swainsoni Estival & Cosel, 1986
-
Conus sydneyensis G. B. Sowerby III, 1887
-
Conus tabidus Reeve, 1844
-
Conus tacomae Boyer & Pelorce, 2009
-
Conus taeniatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus tagaroae (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2013)
-
Conus taslei Kiener, 1850
-
Conus telatus Reeve, 1848
-
Conus tenuilineatus Rolán & Röckel, 2001
-
Conus tenuistriatus Sowerby II, 1858
-
Conus teodorae Rolán & Fernandes, 1990
-
Conus teramachii (Kuroda, 1956)
-
Conus terebra Born, 1778
-
Conus terryni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
-
Conus tessulatus Born, 1778
-
Conus tethys (Petuch & Sargent, 2011)
-
Conus tevesi Trovão, 1978
-
Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus thalassiarchus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
-
Conus therriaulti (Petuch, 2013)
-
Conus thevenardensis da Motta, 1987
-
Conus thomae Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus tiaratus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus tiki Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
-
Conus timorensis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus tinianus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus tirardi Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1996
-
Conus tisii T. C. Lan, 1978
-
Conus tornatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
-
Conus traillii A. Adams, 1855
-
Conus traversianus E. A. Smith, 1875
-
Conus trencarti Nolf & Verstraeten, 2008
-
Conus tribblei Walls, 1977
-
Conus trigonus Reeve, 1848
-
Conus trochulus Reeve, 1844
-
Conus troendlei Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008
-
Conus trovaoi Rolán & Röckel, 2000
-
Conus tuberculosus Tomlin, 1937
-
Conus tulipa Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus tuticorinensis Röckel & Korn, 1990
-
Conus typhon Kilburn, 1975
-
Conus unifasciatus Kiener, 1850
-
Conus vanhyningi Rehder, 1944
-
Conus vappereaui Monteiro, 2009
-
Conus variegatus Kiener, 1845
-
Conus varius Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus vaubani Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995
-
Conus vautieri Kiener, 1845
-
Conus vayssierei Pallary, 1906
-
Conus velaensis Petuch, 1993
-
Conus venezuelanus Petuch, 1987
-
Conus ventricosus Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus venulatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus verdensis Trovão, 1979
-
Conus vexillum Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus victoriae Reeve, 1843
-
Conus vicweei Old, 1973
-
Conus vidua Reeve, 1843
-
Conus villepinii P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1857
-
Conus vimineus Reeve, 1849
-
Conus viola Cernohorsky, 1977
-
Conus violaceus Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus virgatus Reeve, 1849
-
Conus virgo Linnaeus, 1758
-
Conus visagenus Kilburn, 1974
-
Conus visseri Delsaerdt, 1990
-
Conus vittatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus voluminalis Reeve, 1843
-
Conus vulcanus Tenorio & Afonso, 2004
-
Conus wakayamaensis (Kuroda, 1956)
-
Conus wallacei (Lorenz & Morrison, 2004)
-
Conus wallangra (Garrard, 1961)
-
Conus wilsi Delsaerdt, 1998
-
Conus wittigi Walls, 1977
-
Conus worki Petuch, 1998
-
Conus xanthicus Dall, 1910
-
Conus xanthocinctus Petuch, 1986
-
Conus xicoi Röckel, 1987
-
Conus ximenes Gray, 1839
-
Conus yemenensis Bondarev, 1997
-
Conus zandbergeni Filmer & Moolenbeek, 2010
-
Conus zapatosensis Röckel, 1987
-
Conus zebra Lamarck, 1810
-
Conus zebroides Kiener, 1845
-
Conus zeylanicus Gmelin, 1791
-
Conus ziczac Mühlfeld, 1816
-
Conus zonatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
-
Conus zylmanae Petuch, 1998
- Noms en synonymie
Références taxinomiques
Notes et références
-
↑ a et b World Register of Marine Species, consulté le 25 août 2013
-
↑ D'après John Timbrell, The Poison Paradox : Chemicals as Friends and Foes, Oxford University Press, 2005, 348 p. (ISBN 0-19-280495-2, lire en ligne), « Natural born killers », p. 162
-
↑ Röckel, D., Korn, W., et Kohn, A. (1995). Manual of the living conidae, Vol 1 : Indo-pacifique, Verlag Christa Hemmen (ed).
-
↑ (en) Helen Marsh, « Preliminary studies of the venoms of some vermivorous conidae », Toxicon, vol. 8, no 4, 1970, p. 271–277 (lire en ligne).
-
↑ (en) Conus geographus (University of Chicago).
-
↑ (en) J. Nybakken, F. Perron (1988): "Ontogenetic change in the radula of Conus magus" Marine Biology 98, 239-242.
-
↑ Annick Cojean, « Lourdes Cruz : la dame et son tueur fourbe », Le Monde, 2 janvier 2010 (lire en ligne), « 70 % des victimes meurent en moins de deux heures »