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Image de Sepioteuthis Blainville 1824
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Calmar De Récif Des Caraïbes

Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville 1823)

Morphology ( anglais )

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The youngest individuals are semiplanktonic and swim rather passively due to their small, short fins. Their dorsal mantle is typically 8-9mm in length when they emerge from their eggs.

Adults of the species Sepioteuthis sepioidea resemble their close relative, the cuttlefish. They are less elongated, streamlined, and arrow-shaped than many other squids. Their triangular fins extend nearly the entire length of the body, which is a wide flattened viseral mass. Adult females' dorsal mantles reach lengths of at least 120 mm and males' reach at least 114 mm.

Their coloring is typically finely mottled, medium brown on the dorsal side and clear, light brown, or whitish on the ventral side. A distinct white line runs longitudinally on the dorsal side. Prominent brow ridges are above their large eyes. At night, individuals appear to be completely colorless because their pigment cells do not expand. It is not certain if this change in color at night has any significant purpose. (Moynihan and Rodaniche 1982)

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Habitat ( anglais )

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The habitat of S. sepiodea changes according to the squid's stage of life and size. For ease of understanding, they will be divided into four size categories to help explain habitat preferences: very small (newly hatched), small, nonbreeding large, and large (breeding adult). The new hatchlings tend to reside in a very narrow range close to or between islands. Their habitat primarily includes areas from 0.2-1.0m below the surface on or under vegetation and 1-10m from the ocean bottom. These smallest individuals are found primarily during the day.

The small squid typically congregate in shallow turtle grass near islands and remain several centimeters to two meters from the surface to avoid bird predators. They also do not dwell on the ocean floor because of possible snapper predation. At night however, they often will swim to deeper waters and hunt with older, larger squid.

Nonbreeding adult S. sepioidea avoid the turtle grass flats of their younger years because of insufficient room to maneuver in these shallow waters. Most of the waters in the San Blas are home for these, including all varieties of ocean bottoms. They venture to depths of 100m and prefer open waters at night opposed to their shoreline home of their days.

Breeding and courting adults spend their days upon coral reefs of 1.5-8m depths. These large squid avoid all or most other habitats during this period.

Habitat Regions: saltwater or marine

Aquatic Biomes: pelagic ; reef ; coastal

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Distribution ( anglais )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea lives in the ocean waters of Flordia and Bermuda through the West Indian islands and from Venezuela to Cozumel along the Caribbean shores of Central America and the northeast of South America. It lives in waters that are relatively clear and shallow to approximately 100 meters, with average salinity. It finds success and dominance in many localized areas of its range. (Moynihan and Rodaniche 1982)

Biogeographic Regions: atlantic ocean (Native )

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Sans titre ( anglais )

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Scientists are studying cephalopods' large brains, elaborate sense organs, and complex behavior in order to understand more about learning and behavior patterns in all species. Sepioteuthis sepioidea is among the species being studied. (Hanlon and Messenger 1996, New 1995)

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Conservation Status ( anglais )

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US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Benefits ( anglais )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea does not compete with humans for food or for habitat and consequently do not affect humans negatively in any respect. (New 1995)

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Benefits ( anglais )

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All types of squid, including the species S. sepioidea, are particularly important to humans as a food source. Squid have little other significant economic importance for humans. (New 1995)

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Trophic Strategy ( anglais )

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The diet primarily inculdes fishes (most of which are schooling sardines) and arthropods (usually shrimp floating near the surface at night). Squid eat on fish proportional to their own size. Very few fish larger than 12 cm are ever eaten; most are only a few centimeters in length. Presumably, S. sepioidea eat many planktonic animals that have not been recorded because they cannot be seen with the human eye. No available list of their prey is all inclusive since feeding patterns are derived entirely from observations made in the field.

S. sepioidea track food entirely by sight, which limits their feeding. They use body color changes to express emotion as well as to confuse or distract potential prey. Their tentacles remain hidden except during strikes when they extend the tentacles to bend upward and produce a hooklike effect.

It is not known upon what the semiplanktonic, newly-hatched squid feed. (Moynihan and Rodaniche 1982)

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citation bibliographique
Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Reproduction ( anglais )

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The mating rituals of S. sepioidea are ambiguous and complex. Large adults typically form pairs of one female and one male before they disengage from the squid school to head for the reefs to mate. Most cephalopods, including the Caribbean reef squid, are semelparous; that is, individuals die after reproducing for the first and only time. Females lay eggs in clutches and die immediately after. However, males can copulate many times in a concentrated short period of time before they die. Females lay the eggs in well protected areas, scatterering them within the reefs, but do not care for the young in any direct way. It is advantageous for the male partner to escort the egg-bearing female to the reef in order for him to protect his investment from large carnivorous fish. (Hanlon and Messenger 1996)

Key Reproductive Features: semelparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous

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Ritter, S. 2000. "Sepioteuthis sepioidea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sepioteuthis_sepioidea.html
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Stephanie Ritter, Southwestern University
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Stephanie Fabritius, Southwestern University
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Karibischer Riffkalmar ( allemand )

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Der Karibische Riffkalmar (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) ist ein Tintenfisch in der Familie der Schließaugenkalmare (Loliginidae).

Morphologie und Motorik

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Kopfprofil

Die maximale Körperlänge beträgt 20 cm. Der Körper besteht aus einem Rumpfteil, in dem die inneren Organe von einem muskulösen Hautsack umschlossen sind. Dieser Hautsack wird als Mantel bezeichnet. Der Kopf hat zehn Fangarme, zwei lange und acht kurze, wobei die langen Fangarme in den Tentakelkranz zurückgezogen werden können. Eine äußere Schale fehlt, im Mantelbereich auf der Rückenseite befindet sich der chitinitöse Gladius. Dieser stellt somit eine Innenschale dar, die dem Körper des Kalmars Stabilität verleiht. Am Gladius ist zudem die Muskulatur verankert. Am vorderen Ende des Mantels befindet sich unterhalb des Kopfes eine röhrenförmige Öffnung, der sogenannte Manteltrichter. Er versorgt die beiden in der Mantelhöhle befindlichen Kiemen mit frischem, sauerstoffreichem Wasser, dient aber auch zur schnellen Fortbewegung mittels Rückstoß. Die Augen des Karibischen Riffkalmars haben ein sehr gutes Sehvermögen. Der Schlundbereich ist mit einem papageienartigen Schnabel versehen, dazwischen die Weichttier-typische Raspelzunge (Radula) enthält. Die Art besitzt auf beiden Seiten des Körpers, bei adulten Tieren entlang der gesamten Mantellänge, eine charakteristische Flosse deren breiteste Stelle sich etwa in der Mantelmitte befindet.[1] Dieser befähigt die Tiere mittels Wellenbewegungen vorwärts zu schwimmen. Jedoch ermöglicht dies ein nur sehr langsames Vorwärtskommen. Normalerweise saugen die Karibischen Riffkalmare Wasser durch den Manteltrichter in die Mantelhöhle und pressen dieses hinterher unter Druck durch den Trichter wieder hinaus. Somit wird der Körper mittels eines Rückstoßprinzips nach hinten bewegt. Durch dieses Fortbewegungsprinzip sind hohe Geschwindigkeiten möglich.[2]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

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Hauptverbreitungsgebiet des Karibischen Riffkalmars

Der Karibische Riffkalmar ist die einzige Art der Gattung Sepioteuthis die im Atlantik vorkommt[1] und hauptsächlich im Golf von Mexiko und der Karibik heimisch.[3] Der Karibische Riffkalmar tritt in Tiefen von ca. 1,5 m bis zu 100 m auf. Der normale Tiefenbereich bei erwachsenen Tieren ist aber zwischen 1,5 m und 8 m. Jungtiere leben meist in Tiefen um 2 m und halten sich in der Nähe von Seegraswiesen auf. Es handelt sich um eine vornehmlich in Küstennähe vorkommende Art. Nur gelegentlich schwimmen die Karibischen Riffkalmare in die offene See.[2]

Verhalten

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Der Karibische Riffkalmar schwimmt häufig in Gruppen

Die Art hält sich tagsüber gewöhnlich in Schwärmen von 4 bis 30 Tieren auf. Selten vergesellschaftet er sich mit dem schlanken Küstenkalmar (Loligo plei) oder mit jungen Schweinsfischen (Haemulon spp.), oder dem Fadenflosser (Polydactylus spp.) zu gemischten Schwärmen.[2] Die Schwarmbildung vermindert für das einzelne Individuum das Risiko zur Beute zu werden. Bei Gefahr verlässt er sich nicht alleine auf den Schutz eines Schwarms, sondern nutzt auch seine Fähigkeit, die Farbe zu wechseln. In Stresssituationen verfärbt sich das Tier dunkelrot oder braun und versteckt sich zwischen Korallen. Im offenen Wasser sucht er mit einem kräftigen Rückwärtsstoß Distanz zwischen sich und die Gefahr zu bringen. Als weitere Defensivmaßnahme steht ihm – wie allen Tintenfischen – ein Beutel mit einer dunklen Flüssigkeit zur Verfügung, die er bei Gefahr ausstößt. In Verbindung mit dem ruckartigen Rückstoß wird somit ein potentieller Angreifer irritiert. Der Karibische Riffkalmar ist sehr neugierig und Menschen gegenüber wenig scheu.

Fortpflanzung

Mit dem Erreichen der Geschlechtsreife pflanzt sich die Art ein einziges Mal fort. Nach der Fortpflanzung sterben die Tiere. Ist die Zeit der Fortpflanzung gekommen, so lösen sich die Individuen aus ihrem Schwarm und bilden kleine Trupps, die sich aus einem paarungsbereiten Weibchen und zwei bis fünf paarungswilligen Männchen zusammensetzen. Die Männchen versuchen mit vielfältigen Farb- und Musterwechseln die Weibchen für sich zu gewinnen. Hat sich ein Weibchen für einen Partner entschieden, so zeigen sie für Stunden komplexe Hochzeitsrituale. Schließlich signalisiert das Weibchen mit einem „sattelförmigen“ Muster auf dem Rücken, dass es für die Samenübergabe bereit ist. Das Männchen führt mit Hilfe eines modifizierten Tentakels das Samenpaket (Spermatophore) in die Mantelhöhle des Weibchens. Das Samenpaket wird nun im Rezeptakulum, einer hierfür vorgesehenen Samentasche aufbewahrt. Nach der Paarung begibt sich das Weibchen auf die Suche nach einem geeigneten Ablageort der Eier. Dies sind normalerweise Felsüberhänge, Höhlen, Äste einer Koralle oder die leeren Schalen der Großen Fechterschnecke (Strombus gigas). Die Eier haben eine Länge von ca. 8 Millimetern. Kurze Zeit nach der Eiablage stirbt das Weibchen.[4] Aus den Eiern schlüpfen innerhalb weniger Tage kleine, voll entwickelte Kalmare. Die Art durchlebt kein Larvenstadium. Lediglich die Proportionen sind anders als bei den ausgewachsenen Tieren. Im Alter von ca. 10 Tagen bilden die Jungtiere Schwärme in Küstennähe.

Lebenserwartung und Gefährdung

Sepioteuthis sepioidea hat eine sehr kurze Lebenserwartung. Sie liegt bei ca. 5 Monaten. Die Karibischen Riffkalmare sind eine häufige und weit verbreitete Tierart, deren Fortbestand derzeit nicht als gefährdet eingestuft wird. Im Unterschied zu anderen Kalmaren, besonders jenen, welche in immensen Schwärmen durch die südlichen Ozeane ziehen, werden sie nirgendwo kommerziell befischt. Längerfristig könnte allerdings der Verlust ihrer Korallenriff-Lebensräume aufgrund menschlicher Einflüsse, insbesondere den vielfältigen Schadstoffen die im Meer gelöst sind, der weltweiten Erhöhung der Wassertemperaturen und einer Steigerung der UV-Einstrahlung, eine Gefahr darstellen. Tatsächlich ist der Bestand lebender Korallengärten in der Karibik in den letzten Jahrzehnten alarmierend geschwunden. Dies wirkt sich ohne Zweifel negativ auf die Population des Karibischen Riffkalmars aus.

Synonyme

  • Loligo sepioidea Blainville, 1823

Literatur

  • Kir Nazimovich Nesis: Cephalopods of the World - squids, cuttlefishes, octopuses, and allies. TFH Publ, Neptune City, NJ, 1987, ISBN 0-86622-051-8.
  • Mark Norman: Cephalopods A World Guide. ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2000, ISBN 3-925919-32-5.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Luciana Borrelli, Francesca Gherardi, Graziano Fiorito: A Catalogue of Body Patterning in Cephalopoda. Firenze University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-8884533777, S. 48.
  2. a b c http://www.markuskappeler.ch/tex/texs2/riffkalmar.html
  3. Sepioteuthis sepioidea bei World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
  4. Sepioteuthis sepioidea bei Animal Diversity Web (ADW)
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Karibischer Riffkalmar: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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Der Karibische Riffkalmar (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) ist ein Tintenfisch in der Familie der Schließaugenkalmare (Loliginidae).

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Caribbean reef squid ( anglais )

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The Caribbean reef squid (Sepioteuthis sepioidea), commonly called the reef squid, is a species of small, torpedo-shaped squid with undulating fins that extend nearly the entire length of the body, approximately 20 cm (8 in) in length. In 2001, marine biologist Silvia Maciá discovered that squid were able to propel themselves up out of the water about 2 m (6.6 ft) and fly approximately 10 m (33 ft) before re-entry; a discovery which led to the identification of six species of flying squid.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The Caribbean reef squid is found throughout the Caribbean Sea as well as off the coast of Florida, commonly in small schools of four to thirty in the shallows associated with reefs. The habitat of the Reef Squid changes according to the squid's stage of life and size. New hatchlings tend to reside close to the shore in areas from 0.2 to 1 metre (1 to 3 ft) below the surface on or under vegetation. Young small squid typically congregate in shallow turtle grass near islands and remain several centimeters to two meters from the surface to avoid bird predators. Adults venture out into open water and can be found in depths up to 150 m. When mating, adults are found near coral reefs in depths of 1.5 to 8 metres (5 to 26 ft). The Caribbean reef squid is the only squid species commonly sighted by divers over inshore reefs in the Florida, Bahamas and Caribbean regions.

Feeding behavior

This species, like most squids, is a voracious eater and typically consumes 30–60% of its body weight daily. Prey is caught using the club-like end of the long tentacles which are then pulled towards the mouth supported by the shorter arms. Like other cephalopods, it has a strong beak which it uses to cut the prey into parts so that the raspy tongue, or radula, can be used to further process the food. It consumes small fish, other molluscs, and crustaceans.

Communication

Caribbean reef squid have been shown to communicate using a variety of color, shape, and texture changes. Squid are capable of rapid changes in skin color and pattern through nervous control of chromatophores.[4] In addition to camouflage and appearing larger in the face of a threat, squids use color, patterns, and flashing to communicate with one another in various courtship rituals. Caribbean reef squid can send one message via color patterns to a squid on their right, while they send another message to a squid on their left.[5][6]

Reproduction

Like other cephalopods, the Caribbean reef squid, is semelparous, dying after reproducing. Females lay their eggs then die immediately after. The males, however, can fertilize many females in a short period of time before they die. Females lay the eggs in well-protected areas scattered around the reefs. After competing with 2-5 other males, the largest male approaches the female and gently strokes her with his tentacles. At first she may indicate her alarm by flashing a distinct pattern, but the male soon calms her by blowing water at her and jetting gently away. He returns repeatedly until the female accepts him, however the pair may continue this dance or courting for up to an hour. The male then attaches a sticky packet of sperm to the female's body. As he reaches out with the sperm packet, he displays a pulsating pattern. The female places the packet in her seminal receptacle, finds appropriate places to lay her eggs in small clusters, and then dies.

References

  1. ^ Allcock, A.L. (2019). "Sepioteuthis sepioidea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T163318A998148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T163318A998148.en. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Julian Finn (2016). "Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823)". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  3. ^ Jahr, F. (2010). "Fact or fiction: Can a squid fly out of the water?". Scientific American (August 2, 2010).
  4. ^ Cloney, R.A. & Florey, E. (1968). "Ultrastructure of cephalopod chromatophore organs". Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie. 89 (2): 250–280. doi:10.1007/BF00347297. PMID 5700268. S2CID 26566732.
  5. ^ The Cephalopod Page: Sepioteuthis sepioidea, Caribbean Reef squid
  6. ^ Byrne, R.A.; U. Griebel; J.B. Wood & J.A. Mather (2003). "Squids say it with skin: a graphic model for skin displays in Caribbean Reef Squid" (PDF). Berliner paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 29–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-04.
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Caribbean reef squid: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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The Caribbean reef squid (Sepioteuthis sepioidea), commonly called the reef squid, is a species of small, torpedo-shaped squid with undulating fins that extend nearly the entire length of the body, approximately 20 cm (8 in) in length. In 2001, marine biologist Silvia Maciá discovered that squid were able to propel themselves up out of the water about 2 m (6.6 ft) and fly approximately 10 m (33 ft) before re-entry; a discovery which led to the identification of six species of flying squid.

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea

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Le calmar de récif des Caraïbes (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) est une espèce de calmar de la famille des Loliginidés.

Description

 src=
Calmar de récif des Caraïbes.

C'est un petit calmar nocturne, de couleur généralement vert, brun ou crème mais pouvant varier selon la volonté de l'animal (camouflage, chasse, défense, attraction de partenaire...)[1]. Dans tous les cas, il est tacheté de points clairs, et sa face ventrale est plus claire que la dorsale. Son corps (le « manteau ») est fuselé, parcouru par deux nageoires ondulantes qui se rejoignent à l'arrière de l'animal, et le font nager « à l'envers » (comme tous les calmars). Il est pourvu de dix tentacules (c'est un décapode), dont deux particulièrement longs, et destinés à la chasse, armés de puissantes ventouses. Ses yeux bleutés complexes sont particulièrement gros, adaptés à une bonne vision nocturne : ce sont les plus gros yeux du monde animal par rapport à la taille totale du corps de l'animal[2].

Écologie et comportement

 src=
Calmar de récif des Caraïbes.

Sepioteuthis sepioidea vit principalement en bancs, notamment quand ils chassent de nuit. Ce calmar est un prédateur nocturne de poissons : sardines, anchois, harengule écailleux, hareng nain, athérines… À l'inverse, il est lui-même la proie de gros poissons carnivores comme des Lutjanidés, Pomacentridés, Serranidés, Scombridés, Priacanthidés ou Sphyraenidés[2].

Habitat et répartition

On trouve cette espèce dans tout l'Atlantique ouest tropical, notamment aux Caraïbes, aux Bahamas et en Floride. Il se rencontre principalement aux alentours des récifs coralliens, entre 0 et 20 m de profondeur, parfois plus pour les vieux. C'est un animal nocturne, qui vit caché dans le sable ou dans des anfractuosités pendant la journée[2].

Notes et références

  1. Voir la fiche sur le site SousLesMers.
  2. a b et c DORIS, consulté le 28 août 2013

Annexes

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea: Brief Summary

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Le calmar de récif des Caraïbes (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) est une espèce de calmar de la famille des Loliginidés.

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea ( italien )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823) è un mollusco cefalopode appartenente alla famiglia Loliginidae[1].

Distribuzione e habitat

Proviene dalle barriere coralline dell'oceano Atlantico: si trova nel golfo del Messico e nel mar dei Caraibi[1]. Si può trovare fino a 20 m di profondità nelle zone ricche di vegetazione acquatica, in particolare Thalassia testudinum, e di coralli.

Descrizione

La lunghezza media è di circa 12 cm. La colorazione è molto variabile, prevalentemente marrone chiara, con però diverse zone più pallide[2]. Gli occhi sono grandi e il corpo allungato[3]. Possono cambiare colore rapidamente se spaventati. Le pinne sono lunghe circa quanto il corpo[2].

Biologia

Comportamento

Forma gruppi che possono essere composti anche da decine di esemplari[2]. Può emettere inchiostro per confondere i predatori[3].

Alimentazione

È carnivoro e si nutre sia di piccoli pesci che di invertebrati acquatici come gamberetti[2].

Predatori

È spesso preda di Mycteroperca venenosa[4].

Riproduzione

Come molti altri cefalopodi si riproducono una sola volta e muoiono poco dopo la riproduzione[3]. Le uova vengono attaccate alle rocce o in conchiglie[2], in luoghi dove non siano facilmente individuabili dai predatori.

Raggiunge la maturità sessuale quando ha una lunghezza intorno ai 9 cm[5].

Note

 src=
Due esemplari di colore diverso
  1. ^ a b (EN) Bouchet, P. (2014), Sepioteuthis sepioidea, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).
  2. ^ a b c d e Vecchione, Michael and Richard E. Young., Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville 1823). Caribbean Reef Squid, su Tree of Life Web Project (ToL), 2010. URL consultato il 6 aprile 2014.
  3. ^ a b c ADW, su animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu. URL consultato il 4 aprile 2014.
  4. ^ Sepioteuthis sepioidea, predatori, su SeaLifeBase. URL consultato il 7 giugno 2014.
  5. ^ Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823) Caribbean reef squid, su SeaLifeBase. URL consultato l'8 giugno 2014.

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea: Brief Summary ( italien )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823) è un mollusco cefalopode appartenente alla famiglia Loliginidae.

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Sotong terumbu Caribbean ( malais )

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Sotong terumbu Caribbean (Sepioteuthis sepioidea), biasanya dipanggil dengan nama sotong terumbu, adalah satu spesies sotong kecil yang berbentuk torpedo dengan sirip yang mengunjur hampir ke seluruh panjang badan, kira-kira sepanjang 20 cm (8 in). Pada tahun 2001, aahli biologi marin bernama Silvia Maciá menemui bahawa sotong ini mampu meloncatkan diri mereka keluar daripada dalam air kira-kira 2 m (6.6 ka) dan terbang sekitar 10 m (33 ka) sebelum menjunam semual ke dalam air; satu penemuan yang membawa kepada pengenalan enam spesies sotong terbang.[2]

Taburan dan habitat

Sotong terumbu Caribbean boleh ditemui di seluruh Laut Caribbean selain luar pantai Florida. Ia biasanya berenang dalam kawanan kecil empat hingga 30 ekor di laut cetek yang ditumbuhi dengan terumbu. Habitat Sotong terumbu Caribbean berubah berdasarkan tahap kehidupan dan saiznya. Anak-anak yang baharu menetas akan tinggal berdekatan dengan pantai dengan 0.2 hingga 1 meter (1 hingga 3 ka) di bawah permukaan atau di bawah tumbuhan. Sotong muda biasanya berkeliaran di kawasan cetek rumput penyu berdekatan dengan pulau-pulau dengan kedalaman beberapa sentimeter sehingga dua meter dalam dari permukaan untuk mengelakkan daripada burung pemangsa. Sotong dewasa tinggal di perairan terbuka dan boleh dijumpai pada kedalaman sehingga 150 m. Semasa mengawan, sotong dewasa boleh ditemui berdekatan dengan terumbu karang pada kedalaman 1.5 hingga 8 meter (5 hingga 26 ka). Sotong terumbu Caribbean merupakan satu-satunya spesies sotong yang biasa dijumpai oleh para penyelam berdekatan dengan terumbu pantai di kawasan Florida, Bahamas dan Caribbean.

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b Julian Finn (2016). "Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823)". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Dicapai 20 February 2018.
  2. ^ Jahr, F. (2010). "Fact or fiction: Can a squid fly out of the water?". Scientific American (August 2, 2010).

Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Sotong terumbu Caribbean Wikispesies mempunyai maklumat berkaitan dengan Sotong terumbu Caribbean

Templat:CephBase Species

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Sotong terumbu Caribbean: Brief Summary ( malais )

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Sotong terumbu Caribbean (Sepioteuthis sepioidea), biasanya dipanggil dengan nama sotong terumbu, adalah satu spesies sotong kecil yang berbentuk torpedo dengan sirip yang mengunjur hampir ke seluruh panjang badan, kira-kira sepanjang 20 cm (8 in). Pada tahun 2001, aahli biologi marin bernama Silvia Maciá menemui bahawa sotong ini mampu meloncatkan diri mereka keluar daripada dalam air kira-kira 2 m (6.6 ka) dan terbang sekitar 10 m (33 ka) sebelum menjunam semual ke dalam air; satu penemuan yang membawa kepada pengenalan enam spesies sotong terbang.

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea is een soort in de taxonomische indeling van de inktvissen, een klasse dieren die tot de stam der weekdieren (Mollusca) behoort. De inktvis komt enkel in zout water voor en is in staat om van kleur te veranderen. Hij beweegt zich voort door water in zijn mantel te pompen en het er via de sifon weer krachtig uit te persen. De inktvis is een carnivoor en zijn voedsel bestaat voornamelijk uit vis, krabben, kreeften en weekdieren die ze met de zuignappen op hun grijparmen vangen.

De inktvis komt uit het geslacht Sepioteuthis en behoort tot de familie Loliginidae. Sepioteuthis sepioidea werd in 1823 beschreven door Blainville.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. World Register of Marine Species, Sepioteuthis sepioidea. Marinespecies.org. Geraadpleegd op 3 oktober 2011.
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Sepioteuthis sepioidea ( portugais )

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A Lula-de-recifes-do-caribe (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) é uma espécie de lula que vive nas águas do Caribe.[1]

Referências

  1. a b Allcock, A.L. (2019). Sepioteuthis sepioidea (em inglês). IUCN 2019. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2019 Versão e.T163318A998148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T163318A998148.en Página visitada em 28 de outubro de 2021.

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea: Brief Summary ( portugais )

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A Lula-de-recifes-do-caribe (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) é uma espécie de lula que vive nas águas do Caribe.

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea ( suédois )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea[13][14][15][16][12] är en bläckfiskart som först beskrevs av Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville 1823. Sepioteuthis sepioidea ingår i släktet Sepioteuthis och familjen kalmarer.[17][18] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[17]


Källor

  1. ^ [a b] Adam, W., and W. J. Rees (1966) A Review of the Cephalopod family Sepiidae, John Murray Expedition 1933-34, Scientific Reports, 11 (1)
  2. ^ Oliveira, H. P. de (1940) Sobre dois cefalopodos da Guanabara, Boletim do Ministerio da Agricultura, 29 (10)
  3. ^ [a b c d e] Adam, W. (1939) Siboga - Expeditie. Cephalopoda Part I. Le genre Sepioteuthis Blainville, 1824, Results des expeditiones zoologiques, botaniques, oceanographiques et entreprises aux Indes Neerlandaises Orientales en 1899-1900, 55b
  4. ^ Robson, G. C. (1926) Notes on the Cephalopoda II.B. On a new Species of Sepioteuthis from Tobago, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 9) 18
  5. ^ Pfeffer, G. (1884) Die Cephalopoden des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Hamburg, 8 (1)
  6. ^ Spamer, E. E. and A. E. Bogan (1992) Catalog of the types of neontological Mollusca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Part 7: Cephalopoda and Scaphopoda, Tryonia, 24
  7. ^ Gabb, W. M. (1869) Description of a new species of Sepioteuthis from the West Indies, American Journal of Conchology, 4 (4)
  8. ^ Gray, J. E. (1849) , Catalogue of the Mollusca in the British Museum. Part I. Cephalopoda Antepedia
  9. ^ [a b c] Lu, C. C., R. Boucher-Rodoni and A. Tillier (1995) Catalogue of types of recent Cephalopoda in the Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle (France), Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (series 4) 17 (3-4)
  10. ^ Rang, M. S. (1837) Documents pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des Cephalopodes crypyobranches, Magasin de Zoologie, 7 (Cl. V.)
  11. ^ D'Orbigny, A. (1826) Tableau methodique de la Classe de Cephalopodes, Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, (series 1) 7
  12. ^ [a b] Blainville, H. D. (1823) Memoire sur les especes du genre Calmar (Loligo, Lamarck), Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle, 96
  13. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  14. ^ Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. Pratt, et al. (1988) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks, American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16
  15. ^ Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al. (1998) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed., American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26
  16. ^ Sweeney, M. J. and C. F. E. Roper / N. A. Voss, M. Vecchione, R. B. Toll and M. J. Sweeney, eds. (1998) Classification, type localities and type repositories of recent Cephalopoda, Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586 (I-II)
  17. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/sepioteuthis+sepioidea/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  18. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar

Blue morpho butterfly 300x271.jpg Denna artikel om kalmarer saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Sepioteuthis sepioidea: Brief Summary ( suédois )

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Sepioteuthis sepioidea är en bläckfiskart som först beskrevs av Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville 1823. Sepioteuthis sepioidea ingår i släktet Sepioteuthis och familjen kalmarer. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.


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Sepioteuthis sepioidea ( vietnamien )

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Mực rạn san hô Caribe (tên khoa học Sepioteuthis sepioidea) là một loài mực biển. Năm 2001, nhà sinh vật học biển Silvia Maciá phát hiện ra rằng loài mực này có thể để đẩy mình lên khỏi mặt nước khoảng 2 m (6,6 ft) và bay khoảng 10 m (33 ft) trước khi lao xuống nước; một phát hiện dẫn đến việc xác định sáu loài mực bay. Loài mực này được tìm thấy trên khắp vùng biển Caribê cũng như ngoài khơi bờ biển Florida, thường trong các đàn nhỏ 4-30 con trong vùng nước nông kết hợp với các rạn san hô. Các môi trường sống của chúng thay đổi theo giai đoạn của mực của cuộc đời và kích thước.

Chú thích

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề động vật này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sepioteuthis sepioidea: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Mực rạn san hô Caribe (tên khoa học Sepioteuthis sepioidea) là một loài mực biển. Năm 2001, nhà sinh vật học biển Silvia Maciá phát hiện ra rằng loài mực này có thể để đẩy mình lên khỏi mặt nước khoảng 2 m (6,6 ft) và bay khoảng 10 m (33 ft) trước khi lao xuống nước; một phát hiện dẫn đến việc xác định sáu loài mực bay. Loài mực này được tìm thấy trên khắp vùng biển Caribê cũng như ngoài khơi bờ biển Florida, thường trong các đàn nhỏ 4-30 con trong vùng nước nông kết hợp với các rạn san hô. Các môi trường sống của chúng thay đổi theo giai đoạn của mực của cuộc đời và kích thước.

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Habitat ( anglais )

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coastal reefs and sea grass

Référence

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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