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Saurophagus ( odiya )

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Saurophagus (ଇଂରାଜୀ: Saurophagus) ଡାଇନୋସର ବଂଶର ଜୀବ ଅଟେ ।[୧] ଏହି ଜୀବଟି ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ବିଲୁପ୍ତ ।

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ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଆଧାର

  1. Olshevsky, G. (1995 onwards). Dinosaur Genera List. Retrieved February 24, 2014.

ବହି ଆଧାର

  • Walters, M. & J. Paker (1995). Dictionary of Prehistoric Life. Claremont Books. ISBN 1-85471-648-4.
  • Weishampel, D.B., P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds.) (2004). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

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Pitangus ( anglais )

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The great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus), called bem-te-vi in Brazil, pitogue in Paraguay and benteveo in Argentina, is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is the only member of the genus Pitangus.

It breeds in open woodland with some tall trees, including cultivation and around human habitation. It is mainly found in Belize, and from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas and northern Mexico. Cited in Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica in December 2022. Occurs throughout Brazil and Venezuela (especially the central and south-southeastern regions) south to Argentina and Uruguay, Paraguay and central Argentina, the Guyana coastline, and on Trinidad. It was introduced to Bermuda in 1957, and to Tobago in about 1970.

Taxonomy

The great kiskadee was described and illustrated in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in the Historia Naturalis Brasiliae.[2] He used the name Pitangua-guacucode: tpw is deprecated , the word for a large flycatcher in the Tupi language.[3] In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the species in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. He used the French name La Pie-Griesche jaune de Cayenne and the Latin name Lanius Cayanensis Luteus.[4] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[5] At one time, the bird was also known as the Derby flycatcher.[6]

When the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition in 1766 he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson in his Ornithologie.[5] One of these was the great kiskadee. Linnaeus included a terse description, coined the binomial name Lanius sulphuratus and cited Brisson's work.[7] The specific name sulphuratus is Latin for 'sulphur'.[8] The word had been used by Brisson in describing the yellow colour of the underparts of the bird.[4]

The great kiskadee is now the only species placed in the genus Pitangus that was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827.[9][10] The lesser kiskadee was at one time also placed in Pitangus but in 1984 the American ornithologist Wesley Edwin Lanyon moved the lesser kiskadee to its own monotypic genus Philohydor.[11] This has been accepted by some ornithologists,[9][12] but not all.[13]

There are 10 subspecies:[9]

  • P. s. texanus van Rossem, 1940 – south Texas to east Mexico
  • P. s. derbianus (Kaup, 1852) – west Mexico
  • P. s. guatimalensis (Lafresnaye, 1852) – southeast Mexico to central Panama
  • P. s. rufipennis (Lafresnaye, 1851) – north Colombia and north Venezuela
  • P. s. caucensis Chapman, 1914 – west and south Colombia
  • P. s. trinitatis Hellmayr, 1906 – east Colombia, south and east Venezuela and northwest Brazil, Trinidad
  • P. s. sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) – the Guianas and north, west, central Amazonian Brazil, southeast Colombia and east Ecuador to southeast Peru
  • P. s. maximiliani (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) – north, east Bolivia and west, central Paraguay to east and south Brazil
  • P. s. bolivianus (Lafresnaye, 1852) – central Bolivia
  • P. s. argentinus Todd, 1952 – east Paraguay, southeast Brazil and Uruguay to central Argentina

Description

The adult great kiskadee is one of the largest of the tyrant flycatchers. It is 25 to 28 cm (9.8 to 11.0 in) in length and weighs 53 to 71.5 g (1.87 to 2.52 oz).[14] The head is black with a strong white supercilium and a concealed yellow crown stripe. The upperparts are brown, and the wings and tail are brown with usually strong rufous fringes. The bill is short, thick, and black in color. The similar boat-billed flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua) has a more massive black bill, an olive-brown back and very little rufous in the tail and wings. A few other tyrant flycatchers — the social flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis), for example — share a similar color pattern, but these species are markedly smaller.

The call is an exuberant BEE-tee-WEE, and the bird has an onomatopoeic name in different languages and countries: In Brazil its popular name is bem-te-vi ("I saw you well") and in Spanish-speaking countries it is often bien-te-veo ("I see you well") and sometimes shortened to benteveo. In Venezuela it is called "cristofué" or "Christ did it".[15][16]

Distribution and habitat

The great kiskadee occupies a wide range of habitats, from open grassland with scattered trees to urban areas. Its range extends from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas south through Central America to southern Argentina. It does not occur in Chile.[14] The great kiskadee was introduced to Bermuda in 1957. Two hundred birds were imported from Trinidad in an attempt to control the number of lizards, especially the tree lizard (Anolis grahami) which had itself been introduced.[17] The birds bred successfully and by 1976 the population on the island had expanded to around 60,000.[18] The great kiskadee is omnivorous and has failed to control the number of lizards.[19]

Behaviour and ecology

The great kiskadee is a common, noisy and conspicuous bird. It is almost omnivorous and hunts like a shrike or flycatcher, waiting on an open perch high in a tree to sally out and catch insects in flight or to pounce upon rodents and similar small vertebrates (such as other birds' chicks).[20] It will also take prey (such as small lizards and frogs) and some seeds and fruit from vegetation by gleaning and jumping for it or ripping it off in mid-hover, and occasionally dives for fish or tadpoles in shallow water, making it one of the few fishing passerines.[21][22] Kiskadees like to hunt on their own or in pairs, and though they might be expected to make good use of prey flushed by but too large for the smaller birds of the understory, they do not seem to join mixed-species feeding flocks very often. When they do, they hunt in the familiar manner. Such opportunistic feeding behavior makes it one of the commonest birds in urban areas around Latin America; its flashy belly and its shrill call make it one of the most conspicuous.[23]

Breeding

Great kiskadees are monogamous and defend a territory. Both sexes build the large domed nest that has a side entrance.[24] It is chiefly composed of grasses and small twigs but can also incorporate lichen, string and plastic.[25][26] The birds will steal material from other nests.[24] The nest is placed in a wide range of sites, often in an exposed position high up in a tree or on man-made structures.[14][25] Occasionally the nest is placed in a cavity.[27][28] The clutch is 3 to 4 eggs.[14] These are moderately glossy, light yellowish cream in colour with purplish black and purplish brown spots. The average size is 27.9 mm × 20.0 mm (1.10 in × 0.79 in).[29] Only the female incubates the eggs; the male guards the nest while she leaves the nest to feed.[24] The eggs hatch after 16–17 days. The chicks are fed by both parents and fledge after 17–18 days.[14]

Food and feeding

This alert and aggressive bird has a strong and maneuverable flight, which it uses to good effect when it feels annoyed by raptors. Even much larger birds are attacked by the great kiskadee, usually by diving down or zooming straight at them while they are in mid-air. Harsh calls are also often given during these attacks, alerting all potential prey in the area of the predator's presence. If not very hungry, any raptor subject to a great kiskadee's mobbing behavior is likely to leave, as it is well-nigh impossible to make a good catch when subject to the tyrant flycatcher's unwelcome attention. In general, avian predators are liable to steer clear of an alert great kiskadee, lest their hunting success be spoiled, and will hunt the great kiskadee itself – though it is as meaty as a fat thrush – only opportunistically.

One of the diverse tyrant flycatchers resembling the great kiskadee in color is the aptly named Myiozetetes similis

To mammalian and squamate predators that can sneak up to nesting or sleeping birds, it is more vulnerable however. Even omnivorous mammals as small as the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) will try to plunder great kiskadee nests – at least during the dry season when fruits are scarce – despite the birds' attempts to defend their offspring.[30] One of two birds studied in the Parque Nacional de La Macarena of Colombia was parasitized by microfilariae.[31]

Status

Not being appreciated as a songbird, the great kiskadee is not usually kept caged and therefore has escaped the depredations of poaching for the pet trade. Also, its feeding mostly on live prey makes it extremely difficult to keep in captivity. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.[1][32]

Gallery

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Pitangus sulphuratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22700605A132069895. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22700605A132069895.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Marcgrave, Georg (1648). Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (in Latin). Vol. Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus. Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 216.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 308. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ a b Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 176–178, Plate 16 fig 4. The two stars (**) at the start of the paragraph indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
  5. ^ a b Allen, J. A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
  6. ^ Brush, T.; Fitzpatrick, J.W. (2020). Poole, A.F.; Gill, F.B. (eds.). "Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  7. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 137.
  8. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 374. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  9. ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Tyrant flycatchers". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  10. ^ Swainson, William (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 158–175 [165].
  11. ^ Lanyon, Wesley Edwin (1984). A phylogeny of the kingbirds and their allies. American Museum Novitates, Number 2797. New York: American Museum of Natural History. p. 23. hdl:2246/5271.
  12. ^ Fitzpatrick, J.W. (2004). "Family Tyrannidae (Tyrant-Flycatchers)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9 : Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 170–462. ISBN 978-84-87334-69-6.
  13. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  14. ^ a b c d e Mobley, J. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.grekis.01. S2CID 216275683. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  15. ^ Darwin, Charles R. (1839). Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Vol. 3. London: Henry Colburn. p. 62. The Saurophagus sulphureus is typical of the great American tribe of Tyrant-flycatchers. [...] In the evening the Saurophagus takes its stand on a bush, often by the road-side, and continually repeats, without change, a shrill and rather agreeable cry, which somewhat resembles articulate words. The Spaniards say it is like the words, "Bien te veo "(I see you well), and accordingly have given it this name.
  16. ^ Lepage, Denis. "Great Kiskadee". Avibase. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  17. ^ Bennett, F.D.; Hughes, I.W. (1959). "Biological control of insect pests in Bermuda". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 50 (3): 423–436. doi:10.1017/S0007485300053025.
  18. ^ Crowell, K.; Crowell, M. (1976). "Bermuda's abundant, beleaguered birds". Natural History. 85 (8, October): 48–56. hdl:2246/6483. The link is to a 99 MB pdf containing 1102 pages. The article begins on page 775.
  19. ^ Mathys, B.A.; Lockwood, J.L. (2009). "Rapid evolution of great kiskadees on Bermuda: an assessment of the ability of the island rule to predict the direction of contemporary evolution in exotic vertebrates". Journal of Biogeography. 36 (12): 2204–2211. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02169.x.
  20. ^ "Pitangus sulphuratus (Great kiskadee)". Animaldiversity.org.
  21. ^ "Pitangus sulphuratus (Great Kiskadee)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  22. ^ like tamanqueiro (Alchornea glandulosa) or gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba): Pascotto (2006), Foster (2007).
  23. ^ Machado (1999), de A. Gabriel & Pizo (2005), Pascotto (2006)
  24. ^ a b c Llambías, P.E.; Ferretti, V. (2003). "Parental care in the Great Kiskadee". Wilson Bulletin. 115 (2): 214–216. doi:10.1676/02-113. S2CID 85600333.
  25. ^ a b Van Rossem, Adriaan (1914). "Notes on the Derby Flycatcher" (PDF). Condor. 16 (1): 11–13. doi:10.2307/1362189. JSTOR 1362189.
  26. ^ Haverschmidt, F. (1957). "The nests of Pitangus lictor and Coryphotriccus parvus" (PDF). Auk. 74 (2): 240–242. doi:10.2307/4081715. JSTOR 4081715.
  27. ^ Haverschmidt, F. (1974). "Great Kiskadee nesting in an old woodpecker hole" (PDF). Auk. 91 (3): 639. doi:10.2307/4084492. JSTOR 4084492.
  28. ^ Lago-Paiva, C. (1996). "Cavity nesting by Great Kiskadees (Pitangus sulphuratus): adaptation or expression of ancestral behavior" (PDF). Auk. 113 (4): 953–955. doi:10.2307/4088879. JSTOR 4088879.
  29. ^ Hellebrekers, W. Ph. J. (1942). "Revision of the Penard oölogical collection from Surinam". Zoologische Mededelingen. 24 (10): 240–275 [260].
  30. ^ de Lyra-Neves et al. (2007)
  31. ^ Basto et al. (2006)
  32. ^ BLI (2008)

References

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Pitangus: Brief Summary ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

The great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus), called bem-te-vi in Brazil, pitogue in Paraguay and benteveo in Argentina, is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is the only member of the genus Pitangus.

It breeds in open woodland with some tall trees, including cultivation and around human habitation. It is mainly found in Belize, and from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas and northern Mexico. Cited in Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica in December 2022. Occurs throughout Brazil and Venezuela (especially the central and south-southeastern regions) south to Argentina and Uruguay, Paraguay and central Argentina, the Guyana coastline, and on Trinidad. It was introduced to Bermuda in 1957, and to Tobago in about 1970.

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Pitangus ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Pitangus es un género de aves paseriformes perteneciente a la familia Tyrannidae, que agrupa a dos especies nativas de la América tropical (Neotrópico), donde se distribuyen en la mayor parte del continente, desde el sur de Texas hasta el centro sur de Argentina.[4]​ Son conocidos con los nombres comunes de bienteveos,[5]​ y también benteveos, bichofeos, cristofués, quitupís, pitogüés, comechiles, güises, luises, entre muchos otros.[6]

Etimología

El nombre genérico masculino «Pitangus» deriva del nombre tupí «pitanguá guaçú» para un atrapamoscas grande.[7]

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Bienteveo común (Pitangus sulphuratus), en Costa Rica.

Descripción física

Este género posee tamaños que van desde los 15 hasta los 23,5 cm de longitud, con pesos de entre 25 y 68 g. Sus picos son largos, y terminan en forma de gancho. Sus dorsos y colas son de color pardo verdoso. En la cabeza presentan bajo un fondo negro dos franjas blancas a modo de cejas, lo cual les da el aspecto de tener antifaz y boina negros. La garganta también la tienen blanca. El pecho y el abdomen son de color amarillo vivo y tienen una corona oculta del mismo color. En este género el macho y la hembra son muy similares y ambos comparten la tarea de construir el nido, que hacen con muy diversos materiales y tiene aspecto desordenado. Su grito agudo y prolongado da origen al nombre que lleva y que varía según las diferentes regiones donde habita.

Distribución y hábitat

Este género se distribuye desde el sur de Texas, en los Estados Unidos, hasta la Patagonia argentina.[8]​ Excepto en la alta montaña, se lo encuentra en casi todos los ambientes, preferentemente cerca del agua. Con frecuencia, puede verse sobre los árboles de plazas en grandes ciudades.[9]

Nido

Sus nidos tienen aspecto desordenado; son voluminosos y esféricos, construidos con finas fibras vegetales secas, y recubiertos externamente por pajas largas, trapos e incluso bolsas de polietileno.

Canto

Sus cantos son ruidosos y chillones. En las diferentes regiones de América se interpretan sus gritos clásicos con diferentes significados, y de allí su variabilidad de sus onomatopéyicos nombres comunes.

Alimentación

Se alimentan de todo tipo de invertebrados, como larvas, lombrices, e insectos que caza volando, y la complementan con algunas frutas, pequeños roedores y reptiles, e incluso peces, a los que pesca de manera muy similar a los martines pescadores, llevándolos hasta una rama y matándolos a golpes que da contra ella.

Lista de especies

Según la clasificación Clements Checklist[4]​ agrupa a las siguientes especies, con su respectivo nombre vulgar de acuerdo con la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO):[5]

Taxonomía

Este género fue descrito originalmente por el naturalista y ornitólogo inglés William John Swainson en el año 1827.[1]

Sobre la base de consideraciones morfológicas, comportamentales, y moleculares, algunos autores, como Lanyon (1986),[11]​ Fitzpatrick (2004)[12]​ y Ridgely & Tudor (2009)[13]​ han propuesto separar a Pitangus lictor en un género propio: Philohydor,[14]​ por lo que para ellos Pitangus pasaría a ser un género monotípico con la única especie: Pitangus sulphuratus. Sin embargo, el Comité de Clasificación de Sudamérica mantiene a P. lictor en Pitangus en espera de información más concluyente.[15]​ Ya el Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC),[16]Birdlife International[17]​ y aves del Mundo[14]​ adoptan la separación de los géneros.

Los amplios estudios genético-moleculares realizados por Tello et al. (2009) descubrieron una cantidad de relaciones novedosas dentro de la familia Tyrannidae que todavía no están reflejadas en la mayoría de las clasificaciones.[18]​ Siguiendo estos estudios, Ohlson et al. (2013) propusieron dividir Tyrannidae en cinco familias. Según el ordenamiento propuesto, Pitangus (con Philohydor) permanece en Tyrannidae, en una subfamilia Tyranninae Vigors, 1825, en una tribu Tyrannini Vigors, 1825, junto a Tyrannopsis, Machetornis, Conopias (provisoriamente), Megarynchus, Myiodynastes, Myiozetetes, Phelpsia (provisoriamente), Empidonomus, Griseotyrannus y Tyrannus.[19]

Referencias

  1. a b Swainson, W. (1827). «On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology not hitherto defined». Zoological Journal (en inglés, latín). Vol. 3. De enero, 1827 a abril, 1828 Art.15: 158–175; Art.35: 343–363. Londres. Pitangus, descripción original, p.165, en: Disponible en Biodiversitas Heritage Library.
  2. Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) en Handbook of the Birds of the World - Alive (en inglés). Consultada el 26 de febrero de 2018.
  3. Zoonomen Nomenclatural data (2013) Alan P. Peterson. Ver Pitangus en Tyrannidae. Acceso: 5 de octubre de 2015.
  4. a b Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan & C. L. Wood (2017). «The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017». Disponible para descarga. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology (Planilla Excel|formato= requiere |url= (ayuda)) (en inglés).
  5. a b Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (2004). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Novena parte: Orden Passeriformes, Familias Cotingidae a Motacillidae)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 51 (2): 491-499. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 5 de octubre de 2015. P. 495.
  6. Bienteveo Común Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) en Avibase. Consultada el 5 de octubre de 2015.
  7. Jobling, J. A. (2017). Pitangus Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology (en inglés). En: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2017.
  8. de la Peña, Martín (2012). Andrés A. Pautasso, ed. Citas, observaciones y distribución de Aves Argentinas. Informe preliminar. Serie: Naturaleza, Conservación, y Sociedad Nº7 (1ª edición). Santa Fe, Argentina: Ediciones Biológica. p. 770. ISBN 978-987-27043-6-0. |fechaacceso= requiere |url= (ayuda)
  9. Narosky, Tito; Darío Yzurieta (2010). Aves de Argentina y Uruguay, Guía de identificación /Birds of Argentina & Uruguay, a Field Guide (en español/inglés) (16ª edición). Buenos Aires: Vázquez Mazzini editores. p. 432. ISBN 978-987-9132-27-2. La referencia utiliza el parámetro obsoleto |coautores= (ayuda); |fechaacceso= requiere |url= (ayuda)
  10. Bienteveo Chico (Pitangus lictor) (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823) en Avibase. Consultada el 5 de octubre de 2015.
  11. Lanyon, W. E. 1986. «A phylogeny of the thirty-three genera in the Empidonax assemblage of tyrant flycatchers». American Museum Novitates 2846: 1–64.
  12. Fitzpatrick, J. W. 2004. «Family Tyrannidae (tyrant-flycatchers)». Pp. 170–462 in Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 9. Cotingas to pipits and wagtais. (J. del Hoyo et al., eds). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  13. Ridgely, Robert & Tudor, Guy. 2009. Philohydor lictor, p. 474, lámina 60(3), en Field guide to the songbirds of South America: the passerines – 1.a edición – (Mildred Wyatt-World series in ornithology). University of Texas Press, Austin. ISBN 978-0-292-71748-0
  14. a b Lesser Kiskadee (Philohydor lictor) en Handbook of the Birds of the World - Alive (en inglés). Consultada el 26 de febrero de 2018.
  15. Parte 8. Suboscine Passeriformes, C (Tyrannidae a Tityridae) Ver nota 125 en A classification of the bird species of South America. South American Classification Committee - American Ornithologists' Union.
  16. Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (Eds.). «Tyrant flycatchers». IOC – World Bird List (en inglés). Consultado el 5 de febrero de 2018. Versión 7.3 Versión/Año:
  17. BirdLife International. 2016. Philohydor lictor. Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2017.1 (en inglés). Consultada el 25 de noviembre de 2017.
  18. Tello, J. G., Moyle, R. G., Marchese, D.J. & Cracraft, J. (2009). «Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides).». Cladistics (25): 1-39. ISSN 0748-3007. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00254.x.
  19. Ohlson, J. I.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Fjeldså, J. (2013). «Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes).». Zootaxa (en inglés) (3613): 1-35. ISSN 1175-5326. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1.

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Pitangus: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Pitangus es un género de aves paseriformes perteneciente a la familia Tyrannidae, que agrupa a dos especies nativas de la América tropical (Neotrópico), donde se distribuyen en la mayor parte del continente, desde el sur de Texas hasta el centro sur de Argentina.​ Son conocidos con los nombres comunes de bienteveos,​ y también benteveos, bichofeos, cristofués, quitupís, pitogüés, comechiles, güises, luises, entre muchos otros.​

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Naamioväijyt ( finnois )

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Naamioväijyt (Pitangus) on tyrannien heimoon kuuluva lintusuku. Sukuun kuuluu kaksi lajia, joilla molemmilla on myös alalajeja.

Lajit

Aiheesta muualla

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Naamioväijyt: Brief Summary ( finnois )

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Naamioväijyt (Pitangus) on tyrannien heimoon kuuluva lintusuku. Sukuun kuuluu kaksi lajia, joilla molemmilla on myös alalajeja.

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Pitangus ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Vogels

Pitangus is een geslacht van zangvogels uit de familie tirannen (Tyrannidae).

Soorten

Het geslacht kent de volgende soort:[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Pitangus: Brief Summary ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Pitangus is een geslacht van zangvogels uit de familie tirannen (Tyrannidae).

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Pitangus ( polonais )

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Pitangusrodzaj ptaka z rodziny tyrankowatych (Tyrannidae).

Występowanie

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Ameryce[4].

Morfologia

Długość ciała 15–23,5 cm, masa ciała 25–68 g [5].

Systematyka

Nazewnictwo

Nazwa rodzajowa pochodzi od słowa Pitanguá guacú oznaczającego w języku tupi „dużą muchołówkę”[6].

Podział systematyczny

Gatunkiem typowym jest Tyrannus sulphuratus (= Pitangus sulphuratus). Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[7]:

Przypisy

  1. Pitangus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. W. Swainson. On Several Groups and Forms in Ornithology, not hitherto definied. „The Zoological Journal”. 3, s. 165, 1827 (ang.).
  3. W. Layson. A phylogeny of the kingbirds and their allies. „American Museum novitates”. 2797, s. 23, 1984 (ang.).
  4. Frank Gill, David Donsker (red.): Tyrant flycatchers (ang.). IOC World Bird List: Version 5.4. [dostęp 2015-10-25].
  5. John Fitzpatrick, John Bates, Kimberly Bostwick, Isabel Caballero, Benjamin Clock, Andrew Farnsworth, Peter Hosner, Leo Joseph, Gary Langham, Daniel Lebbin, Jason Mobley, Mark Robbins, Edwin Scholes, José Tello, Bruno Walther, Kevin Zimmer: Family Tyrannidae (Tyrant-flycatchers). W: Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David A. Christie: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Cz. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2004, s. 408-409. ISBN 84-87334-69-5. (ang.)
  6. J. A. Jobling: Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. W: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, E. de Juana (red.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2014. [dostęp 2015-02-22]. (ang.)
  7. Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Paweł Mielczarek, Marek Kuziemko: Plemię: Tyrannini Vigors, 1825 (wersja: 2015-10-17). W: Kompletna lista ptaków świata [on-line]. Instytut Nauk o Środowisku Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. [dostęp 2015-10-25].
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Pitangus: Brief Summary ( polonais )

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Pitangus – rodzaj ptaka z rodziny tyrankowatych (Tyrannidae).

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Pitangus ( suédois )

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Pitangus är ett fågelsläkte i familjen tyranner inom ordningen tättingar.[1] Släktet omfattar endast två arter med vid utbredning från södra Texas till centrala Argentina:[1][2]

Mindre kiskadi placeras ofta som ensam art i släktet Philohydor.[3]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-08-11
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2015) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2015-12-01
  3. ^ Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2015. IOC World Bird List (v 5.4). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.4.

Externa länkar

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Pitangus: Brief Summary ( suédois )

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Pitangus är ett fågelsläkte i familjen tyranner inom ordningen tättingar. Släktet omfattar endast två arter med vid utbredning från södra Texas till centrala Argentina:

Mindre kiskadi (P. lictor) Större kiskadi (P. sulphuratus)

Mindre kiskadi placeras ofta som ensam art i släktet Philohydor.

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Pitangus ( vietnamien )

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Pitangus là một chi chim trong họ Tyrannidae.[1]

Các loài

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Pitangus  src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Pitangus


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ chim Đớp ruồi bạo chúa này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Pitangus: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Pitangus là một chi chim trong họ Tyrannidae.

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Питанги ( russe )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Инфраотряд: Tyrannides
Клада: Tyrannida
Семейство: Тиранновые
Род: Питанги
Международное научное название

Pitangus (Swainson, 1826)

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ITIS 178300NCBI 371929EOL 13960FW 372240

Питанги[1] (лат. Pitangus) — род воробьиных птиц из семейства Тиранновые.

Список видов

Примечания

  1. Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 468. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.


Птица Это заготовка статьи по орнитологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её.  title=
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Питанги: Brief Summary ( russe )

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Питанги (лат. Pitangus) — род воробьиных птиц из семейства Тиранновые.

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