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Kolobouz ruz Ouganda ( breton )

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Kolobouz ruz Ouganda (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) a zo ur marmouz hag a vev en Ouganda, Rwanda, Burundi ha Tanzania.

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Còlob vermell d'Uganda ( catalan ; valencien )

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El còlob vermell d'Uganda (Procolobus tephrosceles) és una espècie de còlob vermell que viu als boscos d'Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi i l'oest de Tanzània.[1] Anteriorment se'l considerava una subespècie de P. badius i després una subespècie de P. foai.[2] Groves el reconegué com a espècie pròpia el 2001, mentre que altres científics argumenten que és una subespècie de P. rufomitratus.[3]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Còlob vermell d'Uganda Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 170. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)
  2. Kingdon, J.. The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals (en anglès). Londres: Academic Press Limited, 1997. ISBN 0-12-408355-2.
  3. Oates, J.F., Struhsaker, T., Butynski, T.M. i De Jong, Y.. Procolobus rufomitratus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 27-11-2008.


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Còlob vermell d'Uganda: Brief Summary ( catalan ; valencien )

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El còlob vermell d'Uganda (Procolobus tephrosceles) és una espècie de còlob vermell que viu als boscos d'Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi i l'oest de Tanzània. Anteriorment se'l considerava una subespècie de P. badius i després una subespècie de P. foai. Groves el reconegué com a espècie pròpia el 2001, mentre que altres científics argumenten que és una subespècie de P. rufomitratus.

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Uganda-Stummelaffe ( allemand )

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Der Uganda-Stummelaffe (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Stummelaffen. Er wird erst seit 2001 als eigenständige Art anerkannt.

Merkmale

Uganda-Stummelaffen erreichen eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 45,5 bis 67 cm (Männchen) bzw. 49 bis 58 cm (Weibchen), eine Schwanzlänge von 65 bis 72 cm (Männchen) bzw. 62 bis 68 cm (Weibchen). Männchen erreichen ein Gewicht von 8 bis 11,4 kg. Weibchen wurden bisher nicht gewogen; es ist jedoch davon auszugehen das sie, wie die Weibchen anderer Stummelaffenarten, wesentlich leichter sind als die Männchen. Der Sexualdimorphismus der Art zeigt sich jedoch nicht nur im Gewicht, sondern auch am Kopf. Der Schädel der Männchen ist massiger, die Eckzähne und die Wangenhaare sind länger. Insgesamt sind die Zähne der Affen relativ klein. Der Körperbau ist wie bei allen Stummelaffen schlank, der Schwanz ist sehr lang, der Daumen ist zurückgebildet. Ausgewachsene Weibchen haben eine auffällige große Klitoris. Die Fruchtbarkeit der Weibchen wird durch eine kleine, pinkfarbene Sexualschwellung in der Gesäßregion angezeigt. An der Basis der Ohren sitzt ein auffälliger Haarbüschel. Neugeborene sind seidig-schwarz auf dem Rücken und an den Körperseiten und haben einen grauen Bauch. Maul, Ohren, Hand- und Fußflächen sind rosig.[1]

Uganda-Stummelaffen haben ein dichtes, langes Fell. Es ist auf dem Rücken und auf der Oberseite des Schwanzes glänzend schwärzlich und hellgrau bis weißlich am Bauch. Arme und Beine sind hellgrau, manchmal mit einer bräunlichen Tönung auf den Armen und einer eher rötlichen an den Hüften und auf den Oberschenkeln. Die Kopfoberseite ist rostrot und wird nach vorn mehr rotbraun mit einem schwarzen Streifen von Schläfe zu Schläfe. Das Gesicht ist schiefergrau, die Augenlider sind rosig. Die verschiedenen Populationen im disjunkten Verbreitungsgebiet unterscheiden sich farblich und könnten möglicherweise als verschiedene Unterarten klassifiziert werden. In den Mahale-Mountains sind die Tiere samtschwarz mit rötlichen Bereichen am hinteren Rumpf und einem Schwanz, der nach hinten immer schwärzer wird und dessen Unterseite weiß ist. In den Wäldern um den Rukwasee sind die Affen mehr grau-schwarz mit einer hellgrauen Bauchseite, rötlichen Koteletten und sehr langen Wangenhaaren.[1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitung des Uganda-Stummelaffen

Diese Primaten leben im östlichen Afrika in voneinander isolierten Wäldern an der östlichen Grenze des westlichen Abschnitts des Großen Afrikanischen Grabenbruchs.

Das Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst den Kibale-Nationalpark und seine unmittelbare Umgebung im südwestlichen Uganda, den Verwaltungsdistrikt Biharamulo im äußersten Nordwesten von Tansania, die tansanischen Nationalparks Gombe-Stream und Mahale-Mountains und Wälder am Ufer des Rukwasees. Möglicherweise kommt die Art auch in einigen Gebieten von Ruanda, Burundi oder in der östlichen Demokratischen Republik Kongo vor. Dies konnte bisher aber nicht verifiziert werden.[1]

Lebensweise

Uganda-Stummelaffen kommen in Primärregenwäldern im Tiefland und in Bergwäldern vor. Im wichtigsten Verbreitungsgebiet, im ugandischen Kibale-Nationalpark, ist der Wald feucht, immergrün und wird von alten, bis zu 50 Meter hohen Bäumen dominiert. Gemäßigten Holzeinschlag tolerieren sie, wenn wichtige Futterbäume verbleiben. Sie sind wie alle Roten Stummelaffen tagaktive Baumbewohner. Sie leben in Gruppen zusammen, die sich aus mehreren Männchen, vielen Weibchen und dem gemeinsamen Nachwuchs zusammensetzen und zwischen 9 und 80 Individuen umfassen. Die Nahrung dieser Tiere besteht aus jungen und älteren Blättern, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen ihnen je nach Jahreszeit und Region unterschiedlich ist. Früchte, Samen und Triebe machen einen kleineren Teil ihrer Ernährung aus. Uganda-Stummelaffen vermehren sich wahrscheinlich das ganze Jahr über. Zwischen zwei Geburten verstreichen in der Regel 25,5 Monate.[1]

Systematik

Der Uganda-Stummelaffe wurde 1907 durch den US-amerikanischen Zoologen Daniel Giraud Elliot als Colobus tephrosceles beschrieben. Heute wird er von Wilson & Reeder (2005)[2] und Mittermeier, Rylands und Wilson (2013) unter dem wissenschaftlichen Namen Piliocolobus tephrosceles geführt.[1] Jonathan Kingdon und Mitarbeiter führen den Uganda-Stummelaffen dagegen als Unterart einer weit gefassten Art mit dem Namen Ostafrikanischer Stummelaffe (P. rufomitratus) und auch nicht in der Gattung Piliocolobus, sondern in Procolobus.[3]

Gefährdung

Die IUCN listet die Art als stark gefährdet (endangered). Insgesamt gibt es wahrscheinlich noch etwa 20.000 Tiere, 17.000 davon im ugandischen Kibale-Nationalpark. Dort leben 90 bis mehr als 300 Exemplare auf einem Quadratkilometer. Im Gombe-Stream-Nationalpark ist die Nachstellung durch Schimpansen die größte Gefahr für die Stummelaffen. 16 bis 40 % werden dort jedes Jahr von Schimpansen getötet.[4][1]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f Elizabeth L. Gadsby, Colin P. Groves, Aoife Healy, K. Praveen Karanth, Sanjay Molur, Tilo Nadler, Matthew C. Richardson, Erin P. Riley, Anthony B. Rylands, Lori K. Sheeran, Nelson Ting, Janette Wallis, Siân S. Waters & Danielle J. Whittaker: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys). Seite 711 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897
  2. Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. Thomas Butynski, Jonathan Kingdon und Jan Kalina (Hrsg.): Mammals of Africa Volume II. Primates. Bloomsbury, London, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4081-2252-5, Seite 142–147.
  4. Piliocolobus tephrosceles in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2016. Eingestellt von: Struhsaker, T., 2008. Abgerufen am 9. Januar 2017.
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Uganda-Stummelaffe: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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Der Uganda-Stummelaffe (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Stummelaffen. Er wird erst seit 2001 als eigenständige Art anerkannt.

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Ugandan red colobus ( anglais )

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Juveniles, Kihingami Wetlands
near Kibale Forest, Uganda

The Ugandan red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) or ashy red colobus is an endangered species of red colobus monkey, recognised as a distinct species since 2001.[1] There is disagreement however over taxonomy with many considering the Ugandan red colobus to be a subspecies (Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles).[2] The Ugandan red colobus is an Old World monkey which is found in five different locations across Uganda and Tanzania.[4]

Taxonomy

Recognised as a distinct species in 2001 the Ugandan red colobus had previously been considered a subspecies of P. badius, and later a subspecies of P. foai.[5] There is currently a debate as to whether it should be considered a subspecies of P. rufomitratus.[2]

Description

The Ugandan red colobus has a rust-red cap with a dark grey to black face, although infants are born with completely black faces. There is more variation amongst the coat colours of the Ugandan red colobus with back colour ranging from black to dark grey through to a reddish brown. The sides of the body and the arms and legs are a light grey. They have very long dark to light brown tails which they rely on for balancing when climbing and leaping through the canopy. The Ugandan red colobus has dark grey to black hands and feet and their feet are very long which helps them leap large distances[6]

A Ugandan red colobus grooming the back of another Ugandan red colobus
Ugandan red colobus grooming in Kibale National Park, Uganda

The Ugandan red colobus, like all colobus monkeys, has thumbs which are so reduced in size they are almost absent. It is thought this feature may help in brachiation when moving through the canopy.[6]

There is strong sexual dimorphism; the males are much larger than the females. The average male weighs around 10.5 kg (23 lb) and the females weigh around 7 kg (15 lb).[7]

Distribution and habitat

The Ugandan red colobus is found only in Africa. It has a distribution spanning 1,000 km (620 mi) of East Africa but populations are only found in five separate forested areas.[4] These areas are in west Tanzania at the edge of Lake Victoria, in Gombe and Mahale Mountains at the edge of Lake Tanganyika, on the Ufipa Plateau and in west Uganda in Kibale National Park.[4][8] The Ugandan population is the largest and it has been suggested that this is the only viable population with around 17,000 individuals.[9] It is possible, though yet to be verified, that the Ugandan red colobus might also be located in Rwanda, Burundi and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.[10]

The habitat of the Ugandan red colobus varies by population. Kibale National Park, Uganda, inhabited by the largest population, is a moist evergreen tropical forest.[11] Kibale National Park has been a protected area since 1993.[12] Before 1993 parts of the forest were subject to logging of different degrees of severity. The habitat of the Ugandan red colobus in the Mbisi Forest Reserve on the Ufipa Plateau is fragmented and severely degraded. Unlike Kibale where significant expanses of undisturbed forest remain.[6]

Behaviour

Diet

The Ugandan red colobus is a folivore so the main component of its diet is leaves. It is not limited to any tree species in particular and different groups in the same forest have shown preferences for different tree species.[13] Although not particularly fussy about which species of tree it eats, the Ugandan red colobus does have a preference for eating young leaves or the petioles of more mature leaves.[6] Although uncommon the Ugandan red colobus has been observed eating bark, seeds and fruits, thought to be an important source of nutrients.[7]

Social structure

Ugandan red colobus groups are multi-male.[14] Habitat quality and predation can affect group size which range in size from as few as 3 to as large as 85 individuals, although an average group size is around 40 individuals.[6] The size of a group is often determined by how many males are present. Within a social group males are the stable component and rarely successfully move to another group. Females can disperse to other groups easily and are attracted to groups which contain a higher number of males.[6] In all social groups of Ugandan red colobus females out-number males. This natural imbalance is further exaggerated by the predatory action of common chimpanzees which single out females and juveniles as prey.[15] Within groups there is a dominance hierarchy with adult males being dominant over adult females, most likely because of their larger size.[6]

Ugandan red colobi often form fission–fusion groups in which a main large groups splits into smaller groups to forage. This is beneficial if there is limited food availability such as in more heavily logged or degraded parts of their forest habitat.[6]

Grooming is a social behaviour which is frequently carried out amongst individuals of a group. Females are the main groomers, of males, young and other females. Males groom less often and receive the most grooming unless of a lower rank in the dominance hierarchy.[6]

Interspecific interactions

A hand holding the skull of a Ugandan red colobus showing large canine teeth
Skull of a Ugandan red colobus

The Ugandan red colobus is often found in association with other species of primates. Groups in parts of Kibale National Park have been seen to be in association with red-tailed monkeys for more than half their time.[16] Although polyspecific associations are most common with red-tailed monkeys, associations have occasionally been observed between the Ugandan red colobus and the gray-cheeked mangabey, the blue monkey and the mantled guereza.[16]

It is not certain why the Ugandan red colobus forms these associations with other species but protection from predators is the most accepted reason. The Ugandan red colobus is less vigilant, looking out for predators less often, when associated with the red-tailed monkey.[11] It also forms these associations more readily when there are a large number of young in the Ugandan red colobus group which implies it may be more protected when with the other species.[17]

Predators

The Ugandan red colobus has two main predators: the common chimpanzee and the crowned eagle. There are many primate species in Kibale National Park but chimpanzees rarely hunt any species other than the Ugandan red colobus.[17] Each year in Ngogo, part of Kibale National Park, up to 12% of the red colobus population is killed by chimpanzees.[18] Chimpanzees do not hunt Ugandan red colobus all year round, instead they tend to go through bouts of heavy hunting.[19] In response to attacks by a chimpanzee, all members of a Ugandan red colobus group gather together and males assemble to aggressively try and deter the attacking chimpanzee.[20]

Crowned eagles prefer to prey on infants and young juveniles of the Ugandan red colobus. Research has found that both the Ugandan red colobus and the red-tailed monkey are killed less often by crowned eagles than would be expected, based on both monkeys' high abundance in the Kibale National Park. Both monkey species's avoidance of capture has been attributed to their increased defence from forming interspecific associations.[21]

Reproduction

Sexual maturity in males is reached at 5 years and between 4 and 5 years for females of the Ugandan red colobus. The gestation period is 5 to 6 months with females having their first infant between 4 and 5 years old.[6] There is no distinct breeding season with infants being born all year round, however during the rainier months a peak in births is seen to coincide with the flush of new leaves for food.[22]

Both males and females initiate copulation.[7] During copulation other group members sometimes harass the pair by making loud calls, lunging at or leaping around or onto the males back. The harassers are usually either adult males in intrasexual competition[7] or juveniles if it is their mother which is copulating.[6]

Conservation status and threats

The Ugandan red colobus is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. It has this listing because the populations are very fragmented and there is no movement of individuals between populations. The species is also classified as Endangered because the occurrence of all the populations combined is less than 5,000 km2 and this area is at risk of being decreased due to habitat loss and degradation that occurs outside protected areas. The Ugandan red colobus is also listed as Endangered due to there being a decline in numbers, principally due to common chimpanzee predation and habitat loss.[2] Hunting of the Ugandan red colobus by humans is not common and in Kibale, Uganda hunting of all primates was stopped in the 1960s.[12]

The Ugandan red colobus is listed in Appendix II of CITES.[3]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piliocolobus tephrosceles.
  1. ^ a b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 170. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d Struhsaker, T.T.; Ting, N. (2020). "Piliocolobus tephrosceles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18256A171760021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18256A171760021.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Appendices I, II & III (22 June 2022) to CITES" (PDF). cites.org. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Davenport, T. R. B.; Mpunga, N. E.; Machaga, S. J. (2007). "Census and Conservation Assessment of the Red Colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles) on the Ufipa Plateau, Southwest Tanzania: Newly-discovered, Threatened and Extinct Populations". Primate Conservation. 1: 97–105. doi:10.1896/052.022.0108. S2CID 54749706.
  5. ^ Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Limited, London. ISBN 978-0-12-408355-4.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Struhsaker, T. (2010). The Red Colobus Monkeys: Variation in demography, behaviour, and ecology of endangered species. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-19-852958-3.
  7. ^ a b c d Struhsaker, T. (1975). The Red Colobus Monkey; Wildlife behaviour and ecology series. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 978-0-226-77769-6.
  8. ^ Rodgers, W.; Struhsaker, T.; West, C. (1984). "Observation on the red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles)of Mbisi Forest, south-west Tanzania". African Journal of Ecology. 22 (3): 187–194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00694.x.
  9. ^ Struhsaker, T. (2005). "Conservation of Red Colobus and Their Habitats". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (3): 525–538. doi:10.1007/s10764-005-4364-0. S2CID 20335688.
  10. ^ Butynski, T.M.; de Jong, Y.A.; King, J. (2020). "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136939A166599765. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136939A166599765.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  11. ^ a b Chapman, C.A.; Chapman, L.J. (1996). "Mixed-Species Primate Groups in the Kibale Forest: Ecological Constraints on Association". International Journal of Primatology. 17: 31–50. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.3480. doi:10.1007/BF02696157. S2CID 36755258.
  12. ^ a b Chapman, C.A.; Lambert, J.E. (2000). "Habitat Alteration and the Conservation of African Primates: Case Study of Kibale National Park, Uganda". American Journal of Primatology. 50 (3): 169–185. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(200003)50:3<169::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 10711532. S2CID 19489987.
  13. ^ Chapman, C.A.; Chapman, L.J.; Gillespie, T.R. (2002). "Scale Issues in the Study of Primate Foraging:Red Colobus of Kibale National Park". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 117 (4): 349–363. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10053. PMC 7159679. PMID 11920371.
  14. ^ Lehmann, J.; Korstjens, A.H.; Dunbar, R.I.M. (2007). "Group size, grooming and social cohesion in primates" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 74 (6): 1617–1629. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10.025. S2CID 14866172.
  15. ^ Mitani, J.C.; Watts, D.P. (1999). "Demographic Influences on the Hunting Behavior of Chimpanzees". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 109 (4): 439–454. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199908)109:4<439::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-3. hdl:2027.42/34267. PMID 10423261.
  16. ^ a b Teelen, S. (2007). "Influence of Chimpanzee Predation on Associations Between Red Colobus and Red-tailed Monkeys at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda". International Journal of Primatology. 28 (3): 593–606. doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9140-x. S2CID 13639987.
  17. ^ a b Chapman, C.A.; Chapman, L.J. (2000). "Interdemic variation in mixed-species association patterns: common diurnal primates of Kibale National Park, Uganda". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 47 (3): 129–139. doi:10.1007/s002650050003. S2CID 22643647.
  18. ^ Watts, D.P.; Mitani, J.C. (2002). "Hunting Behaviour of Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda". International Journal of Primatology. 23: 1–28. doi:10.1023/A:1013270606320. hdl:2027.42/44564. S2CID 39506375.
  19. ^ Mitani, J.C. (2006). "Demographic influences on the behavior of chimpanzees". Primates. 47 (1): 6–13. doi:10.1007/s10329-005-0139-7. hdl:2027.42/41615. PMID 16283424. S2CID 25633981.
  20. ^ Treves, A. (1999). "Has Predation Shaped the Social Systems of Arboreal Primates?". International Journal of Primatology. 20: 35–67. doi:10.1023/A:1020532216737. S2CID 25221413.
  21. ^ Struhsaker, T.; Leakey, M. (1990). "Prey selectivity by crowned hawk-eagles on monkeys in the Kibale Forest, Uganda". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 26 (6): 435–443. doi:10.1007/BF00170902. S2CID 21024373.
  22. ^ Struhsaker, T. (1997). Ecology of an African rain forest: logging in Kibale and the conflict between conservation and exploitation. University Press of Florida, Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1490-6.
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Ugandan red colobus: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Juveniles, Kihingami Wetlands
near Kibale Forest, Uganda

The Ugandan red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) or ashy red colobus is an endangered species of red colobus monkey, recognised as a distinct species since 2001. There is disagreement however over taxonomy with many considering the Ugandan red colobus to be a subspecies (Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles). The Ugandan red colobus is an Old World monkey which is found in five different locations across Uganda and Tanzania.

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles ( espagnol ; castillan )

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El colobo rojo ugandés (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en los bosques de Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi y el oeste de Tanzania.[2]​ Inicialmente se lo consideró una subespecie de del colobo rojo occidental (Piliocolobus badius) y luego como subespecie del colobo rojo centroafricano (Piliocolobus foai).[3]​ Le fue dado el estatus de especie por Groves en 2001, mientras otros han sugerido que podría considerárselo una subespecie del colobo rojo del río Tana (Piliocolobus rufomitratus).[4]

Referencias

  1. Struhsaker, T. (2008). «Procolobus rufomitratus ssp. tephrosceles». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 9 de agosto de 2011.
  2. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 170. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Limited, London. ISBN 0-12-408355-2.
  4. Oates, J.F., Struhsaker, T., Butynski, T.M. & De Jong, Y. (2008). «Procolobus rufomitratus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 9 de agosto de 2011.
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Piliocolobus tephrosceles: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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El colobo rojo ugandés (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en los bosques de Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi y el oeste de Tanzania.​ Inicialmente se lo consideró una subespecie de del colobo rojo occidental (Piliocolobus badius) y luego como subespecie del colobo rojo centroafricano (Piliocolobus foai).​ Le fue dado el estatus de especie por Groves en 2001, mientras otros han sugerido que podría considerárselo una subespecie del colobo rojo del río Tana (Piliocolobus rufomitratus).​

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles ( basque )

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles Piliocolobus generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Colobinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. Elliot (1907) 20 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 195. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles: Brief Summary ( basque )

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles Piliocolobus generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Colobinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles est une espèce qui fait partie des Primates. C’est un singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae.

Description

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles (Ouganda)

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles: Brief Summary

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles est une espèce qui fait partie des Primates. C’est un singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae.

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles ( italien )

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Il colobo rosso dell'Uganda (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) è una specie di colobo rosso che vive nelle foreste dell'Uganda, del Ruanda, del Burundi e della Tanzania occidentale[1]. In passato è stato ritenuto prima una sottospecie del colobo ferruginoso e in seguito una sottospecie del colobo rosso dell'Africa Centrale[3]. È stato riconosciuto una specie vera e propria da Groves nel 2001.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Colin Groves, Piliocolobus tephrosceles, in D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder (a cura di), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ UNEP-WCMC. 7 July, 2008. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species
  3. ^ Kingdon, J., The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals, Academic Press Limited, London, 1997, ISBN 0-12-408355-2.

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles: Brief Summary ( italien )

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Il colobo rosso dell'Uganda (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) è una specie di colobo rosso che vive nelle foreste dell'Uganda, del Ruanda, del Burundi e della Tanzania occidentale. In passato è stato ritenuto prima una sottospecie del colobo ferruginoso e in seguito una sottospecie del colobo rosso dell'Africa Centrale. È stato riconosciuto una specie vera e propria da Groves nel 2001.

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Procolobus tephrosceles ( ukrainien )

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Поширення

Вид поширений на східній межі рифтової долини у західній Уганді і західній частині Танзанії. Відомо п'ять субпопуляцій. Чисельність виду становить понад 20 000 особин (дані 2005 року), з них 17 000 мешкає у Національному парку Кібале в Уганді.

Спосіб життя

Деревний вид, населяє ліси найрізноманітнішого типу; зустрічається у річкових та галерейних лісах, у саванних мозаїчних лісах міомбо, низинних лисах, у тропічному гірському дощовому лісі, у вторинних деградованих лісах. Живе великими групами по 30-60 особин.

Примітки

  1. Struhsaker, T. (2008) Procolobus rufomitratus ssp. tephrosceles: інформація на сайті МСОП (англ.) 22 March 2012

Література

  • Thomas Geissmann: Vergleichende Primatologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin u. a. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6.
  • Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  • Elizabeth L. Gadsby, Colin P. Groves, Aoife Healy, K. Praveen Karanth, Sanjay Molur, Tilo Nadler, Matthew C. Richardson, Erin P. Riley, Anthony B. Rylands, Lori K. Sheeran, Nelson Ting, Janette Wallis, Siân S. Waters & Danielle J. Whittaker: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys). Seite 711 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897.


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Piliocolobus tephrosceles ( vietnamien )

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Procolobus tephrosceles là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Elliot mô tả năm 1907.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Struhsaker, T. (2008). Procolobus rufomitratus ssp. tephrosceles. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 3 năm 2012.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Piliocolobus tephrosceles”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Piliocolobus tephrosceles: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Procolobus tephrosceles là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Elliot mô tả năm 1907.

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Piliocolobus tephrosceles ( russe )

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Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Euarchonta
Миротряд: Приматообразные
Отряд: Приматы
Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
Надсемейство: Собакоголовые
Семейство: Мартышковые
Подсемейство: Тонкотелые обезьяны
Триба: Толстотелы
Вид: Piliocolobus tephrosceles
Международное научное название

Piliocolobus tephrosceles (Elliot, 1907)

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ITIS 944245NCBI 591936EOL 4453917

Piliocolobus tephrosceles (лат.) — вид обезьян семейства мартышковых. Выделен в самостоятельный вид в 2001 году.

Вид распространён на восточной границе Восточно-Африканская рифтовой долины в западной Уганде и западной части Танзании. Известно пять субпопуляций. Численность вида составляет более 20 000 особей (данные 2005 года), из них 17 000 проживает в Национальном парке Кибале в Уганде.

Выражен половой диморфизм: самцы крупнее самок. Вес самцов составляет 10,5 кг, вес самок — 7 кг[1]. Древесный вид, населяет леса разного типа. Встречается в речных и галерейных лесах, в саванных мозаичных лесах миомбо, низменных лесах, в тропическом горном дождевом лесу, во вторичных деградированных лесах. Живёт большими группами по 30—60 особей. Питается молодыми листьями, плодами, побегами и семенами.

Примечания

  1. Struhsaker, T. The Red Colobus Monkey; Wildlife behaviour and ecology series. — The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1975.
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Piliocolobus tephrosceles: Brief Summary ( russe )

fourni par wikipedia русскую Википедию

Piliocolobus tephrosceles (лат.) — вид обезьян семейства мартышковых. Выделен в самостоятельный вид в 2001 году.

Вид распространён на восточной границе Восточно-Африканская рифтовой долины в западной Уганде и западной части Танзании. Известно пять субпопуляций. Численность вида составляет более 20 000 особей (данные 2005 года), из них 17 000 проживает в Национальном парке Кибале в Уганде.

Выражен половой диморфизм: самцы крупнее самок. Вес самцов составляет 10,5 кг, вес самок — 7 кг. Древесный вид, населяет леса разного типа. Встречается в речных и галерейных лесах, в саванных мозаичных лесах миомбо, низменных лесах, в тропическом горном дождевом лесу, во вторичных деградированных лесах. Живёт большими группами по 30—60 особей. Питается молодыми листьями, плодами, побегами и семенами.

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우간다붉은콜로부스 ( coréen )

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우간다붉은콜로부스(Piliocolobus tephrosceles)는 우간다르완다, 부룬디 그리고 탄자니아 서부의 숲에서 발견되는 붉은콜로부스 원숭이의 일종이다.[1] 서부붉은콜로부스(P. badius)의 아종으로 간주되어 왔으며, 나중에는 중부아프리카붉은콜로부스(P. foai)의 아종으로 간주되기도 한다.[3] 2001년 그로브스가 별개의 종으로 인정했지만, 일부 분류학자는 타나강붉은콜로부스(P. rufomitratus)의 아종으로 봐야 한다고 주장한다.[2]

계통 분류

다음은 붉은콜로부스의 계통 분류이다.[4]

붉은콜로부스속

서부붉은콜로부스, 테민크붉은콜로부스

   

왈드론붉은콜로부스

     

프로이스붉은콜로부스

   

페넌트콜로부스

       

로마미붉은콜로부스

   

오스탈렛붉은콜로부스 (서부)

         

오스탈렛붉은콜로부스 (동부)

   

중부아프리카붉은콜로부스

   

우간다붉은콜로부스

   

타나강붉은콜로부스

       

우드중와붉은콜로부스

   

잔지바르붉은콜로부스

     

나이저삼각주붉은콜로부스

      올리브콜로부스속

올리브콜로부스

   

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 170쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Procolobus rufomitratus ssp. tephrosceles”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 208년 11월 27일에 확인함.
  3. Kingdon, J. (1997). 《The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals》. Academic Press Limited, London. ISBN 0-12-408355-2.
  4. Nelson Ting: Molecular systematics of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus [Piliocolobus]): Understanding the evolution of an endangered primate. PhD thesis, City University of New York, 2008, New York.
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우간다붉은콜로부스: Brief Summary ( coréen )

fourni par wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

우간다붉은콜로부스(Piliocolobus tephrosceles)는 우간다르완다, 부룬디 그리고 탄자니아 서부의 숲에서 발견되는 붉은콜로부스 원숭이의 일종이다. 서부붉은콜로부스(P. badius)의 아종으로 간주되어 왔으며, 나중에는 중부아프리카붉은콜로부스(P. foai)의 아종으로 간주되기도 한다. 2001년 그로브스가 별개의 종으로 인정했지만, 일부 분류학자는 타나강붉은콜로부스(P. rufomitratus)의 아종으로 봐야 한다고 주장한다.

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