Rhinella, commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of true toads native to Neotropical parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the cane toad has been introduced to Australia, the Caribbean, the Philippines and elsewhere.
Originally, all species of the genus Rhinella were included in the genus Bufo, then they were split into the genera Chaunus and Rhamphophryne. However, Chaunus and Rhamphophryne are now considered synonyms of Rhinella.[1]
There are about 94 living species recognised in the genus Rhinella:[6]
Image Binomial name and author Common name Distribution
Rhinella abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004) southeastern Brazil (eastern Paraná, eastern Santa Catarina and northern Rio Grande do Sul) 
Rhinella achalensis (Cei, 1972) Cordoba toad northern Argentina (Córdoba and San Luis provinces) 
Rhinella achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta, & de Sá, 2004) Uruguay and southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Rhinella acrolopha (Trueb, 1971) Cerro Mali beaked toad Serranía del Darién in eastern Panama Rhinella acutirostris (Spix, 1824) Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Venezuela 
Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884) Western Panama through Chocoan western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador Rhinella amabilis (Pramuk and Kadivar, 2003) Loja Province, Ecuador Rhinella amboroensis (Harvey & Smith, 1993) Cochabamba toad Bolivia (Cochabamba Department) Rhinella arborescandens (Duellman & Schulte, 1992) Mendoza Pass toad Peru (Mendoza, northern Cordillera Central, in the Amazonas Region) 
Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) Common toad; Argentine toad Argentina from the Chubut Province northward, Bolivia east of the Andes Rhinella arequipensis (Vellard, 1959) Rio Chili toad Peru 
Rhinella arunco (Molina, 1782) Arunco; Concepcion toad Chile Rhinella atacamensis (Cei, 1962) Vallenar toad; Atacama toad Chile between Paposo (Antofagasta Region) and Las Chilcas (Valparaíso Region) Rhinella azarai (Gallardo, 1965) Paraguay 
Rhinella beebei (Gallardo, 1965) Rivero's Toad Colombia east of the Andes and Venezuela north of the Orinoco to French Guiana; Trinidad Rhinella bergi (Céspedez, 2000) Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay Rhinella bernardoi Sanabria, Quiroga, Arias, and Cortez, 2010 Argentina Rhinella casconi Roberto, Brito, and Thomé, 2014 Brazil (Ceará) Rhinella castaneotica (Caldwell, 1991) Para toad Bolivia (Pando), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, and Putumayo) and eastern Peru Rhinella centralis Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009 Panama (Chiriquí) Rhinella ceratophrys (Boulenger, 1882) Horned toad Colombia, southern Venezuela (Cerro Neblina and Cerro Marahuaca), eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru (Loreto), Brazil 
Rhinella cerradensis Maciel, Brandão, Campos, and Sebben, 2007 Brazil (Piauí, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal), Argentina (Corrientes) Rhinella chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001) Peru (Huánuco) Rhinella chrysophora (McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989) Rio Viejo toad Honduras Rhinella chullachaki (Castillo-Urbina, Glaw, Aguilar-Puntriano, Vences, and Köhler 2021) Peru (Huánuco) Rhinella cristinae (Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002) Colombia(La Pedrera, Amazonas Province) .jpg)
Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) Striped toad eastern Brazil between the states of Ceará in the north and Rio de Janeiro 
Rhinella dapsilis (Myers & Carvalho, 1945) Bom Jardim toad Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru _(27958803304).jpg)
Rhinella diptycha (Cope, 1862) Cope's toad; cururu toad Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, eastern Bolivia, and eastern and southern Brazil Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) Dorbigny's toad northeastern Argentina, Uruguay and southeastern Brazil Rhinella exostosica Ferrão, Lima, Ron, dos Santos & Hanken, 2020[7] Bolivia (Beni and Pando Departments), Brazil (Rondônia) and Peru (Departments of Ucayali and Madre de Dios) 
Rhinella fernandezae (Gallardo, 1957) Bella Vista toad Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay 
Rhinella festae (Peracca, 1904) Valle Santiago beaked toad Ecuador and Peru Rhinella fissipes (Boulenger, 1903) Carabaya toad Bolivia and Peru Rhinella gallardoi (Carrizo, 1992) Gallardo's toad Argentina Rhinella gildae Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Bastos, and Pombal, 2015 Brazil Rhinella gnustae (Gallardo, 1967) Rio Grande toad Argentina 
Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824) Common lesser toad Brazil Rhinella henseli (Lutz, 1934) Brazil _(10358995114).jpg)
Rhinella hoogmoedi (Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006) Brazil 
Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833) Cane toad north-western South America Rhinella humboldti (Gallardo, 1965) Rivero's toad Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas 
Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824) Yellow Cururu toad northeastern Argentina (Misiones Province), southern Brazil and eastern Paraguay Rhinella inca (Stejneger, 1913) Inca toad Peru Rhinella inopina Vaz-Silva, Valdujo, and Pombal, 2012 Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil Rhinella iserni (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875) Rio Perene toad Peru 
Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) Cururu toad Brazil (between Bujaru in northeastern Pará and Maranhão in the north, south to Bahia and Vitória, Espírito Santo) Rhinella justinianoi (Harvey & Smith, 1994) El Chape toad Bolivia Rhinella leptoscelis (Boulenger, 1912) Peru _(38639489255).jpg)
Rhinella lescurei Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Velez-Rodriguez, 2007 French Guiana, Suriname 
Rhinella lilyrodriguezae Cusi, Moravec, Lehr, and Gvoždík, 2017 Lily Rodriguez's beaked toad Peru Rhinella limensis (Werner, 1901) Peru Coast toad Peru Rhinella lindae (Rivero & Castaño, 1990) Murri beaked toad Colombia †Rhinella loba Pérez-Ben, Gómez & Báez, 2019[8] Argentina 
Rhinella macrorhina (Trueb, 1971) Santa Rita beaked toad Colombia Rhinella magnussoni Lima, Menin, and Araújo, 2007 Brazil Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich, 1936) Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia and in Brazil 
Rhinella manu Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007 Peru _male_(10595988513).jpg)
Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768) South American common toad Panama, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela .jpg)
Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) Cane toad South and mainland Central America 
Rhinella martyi Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Velez-Rodriguez, 2007 Suriname Rhinella merianae (Gallardo, 1965) Venezuela (Bolívar), Suriname, Guyana, Brazil .jpg)
Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965) Brazil(Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, and Piaui), Bolivia (Santa Cruz) Rhinella multiverrucosa (Lehr, Pramuk & Lundberg, 2005) Peru (Pasco) Rhinella nattereri (Bokermann, 1967) Venezuela (Bolivar), Guyana Rhinella nesiotes (Duellman & Toft, 1979) Laguna toad Peru Rhinella nicefori (Cochran & Goin, 1970) Colombian beaked toad Colombia (Antioquia) Rhinella ocellata (Günther, 1858) Ocellated toad Brazil 
Rhinella ornata Spix, 1824 Brazil Rhinella paraguas Grant and Bolívar-Garcías, 2014 Colombia (Chocó) Rhinella paraguayensis Ávila, Pansonato, and Strüssmann, 2010 Paraguay 
Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845) Gray toad Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia 
Rhinella proboscidea (Spix, 1824) Beaked toad Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru Rhinella pygmaea (Myers & Carvalho, 1952) Rio Parahyba toad Brazil Rhinella quechua (Gallardo, 1961) Incachaca toad Bolivia 
Rhinella roqueana (Melin, 1941) northern Peru, eastern Ecuador (Pastaza), Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas and Caquetá Departments), Brazil Rhinella rostrata (Noble, 1920) Mesopotamia beaked toad Colombia (Antioquia) 
Rhinella rubescens (Lutz, 1925) Brazil Rhinella rubropunctata (Guichenot, 1848) Rusty toad Chile and Argentina Rhinella ruizi (Grant, 2000) Colombia (Antioquia) Rhinella rumbolli (Carrizo, 1992) Salta toad Bolivia 
Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi & de Niemeyer, 2003) Paraguay (Amambay and Concepción Departments), Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) Rhinella sclerocephala (Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R., 2001) Venezuela Rhinella sebbeni Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Bastos, and Pombal, 2015 Brazil Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) Warty toad; Huanuco toad Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru Rhinella stanlaii (Lötters & Köhler, 2000) Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz and Santa Cruz) 
Rhinella sternosignata (Günther, 1858) Falcon toad Colombia and Venezuela Rhinella tacana (Padial, Reichle, McDiarmid, & De la Riva, 2006) Bolivia (La Paz) Rhinella tenrec (Lynch & Renjifo, 1990) Antioquia Beaked Toad Colombia Rhinella truebae (Lynch & Renjifo, 1990) Trueb's Beaked Toad Colombia Rhinella vellardi (Leviton & Duellman, 1978) Alto Maranon toad Peru Rhinella veraguensis (Schmidt, 1857) Veragua toad Bolivia and southeastern Peru Rhinella veredas (Brandão, Maciel, and Sebben, 2007) Brazil(Piauí and Bahia) Rhinella yanachaga Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges, and Córdova, 2007 Peru (Pasco) 
Rhinella yunga (Mordavec, Lehr, 2014) Peru (Yungas) Rhinella, commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of true toads native to Neotropical parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the cane toad has been introduced to Australia, the Caribbean, the Philippines and elsewhere.
Originally, all species of the genus Rhinella were included in the genus Bufo, then they were split into the genera Chaunus and Rhamphophryne. However, Chaunus and Rhamphophryne are now considered synonyms of Rhinella.
