Climaciella brunnea, known sometimes by the common names wasp mantidfly and brown mantidfly, is a predatory neuropteran insect in the family Mantispidae.
C. brunnea has a triangular head with large, compound eyes and a broad frons.[1] It has straight antennae. Its raptorial forelegs are similar in shape and function to that of Mantodea; however, this adaptation evolved independently in the two groups and is an example of convergent evolution.[2] The wings of C. brunnea are distinctive in that they are often characterized by having thick brown edges and transparent inner edges. The species has a body length of 2 to 3 cm.
Its markings mimic those of wasps species within the Polistes genus. C. brunnea exhibits a large amount of color polymorphism as many groups will mimic the colorations of specific wasps found within their respective region.[2]
Climaciella brunnea is a species in the genus Climaciella and the family Mantispidae. It is in the order Neuroptera, or the net-winged insects.
Climaciella brunnea is found in Canada, the United States, and as far south as Nicaragua.[1] While finding a single C. brunnea alone is difficult, the species is most commonly seen in aggregations. Attracted to a male pheromone, groups of C. brunnea will accumulate in areas to breed and feed.[3]
Adults can be found sitting on vegetation or flowers in forest clearings. Individuals are often found on flower heads waiting for prey or feeding on nectar. Thus, it has some effect on pollination and is known as an casual pollinator.[2]
First instar larva of this species are campodeiform and will use phoretic behavior in an attempt to find an adult spider. C. brunnea specializes on Lycosid spiders.[3] The larva have a unique adaptation known as a caudal sucker that they use to attach themselves to the substrate of their habitat. Once attached, they will lift themselves and begin to wave their body back and forth for a short period of time.[3] Afterwards, if they have not grabbed onto a passing spider they will briefly rest before resuming their phoretic behavior.
Once on the adult spider, C. brunnea larva will remain atop the carapace of the spider until either the spider copulates or begins to lay eggs.[3] If the larva grabbed onto a male spider, they will quickly transfer to a female spider when the male mates.[4] If the larva is attached to a female spider initially, it will remain on her until she lays eggs. Until then, the larva will subsist off the spider's hemolymph.[3] Once the spider is ready to lay eggs, C. brunnea larva will quickly move into the sticky fluid the spider is using to construct the egg sac and thus the larva becomes trapped within the sac.
Inside, the larva will use its specially adapted sucking tube (made from its maxilla and mandibles) to feed off the spider eggs within the sac.[3]
As adults, C. brunnea displays many striking defensive and reproductive behaviors. When disturbed, adults perform two defensive behaviors. The first involves the C. brunnea individual curling its abdomen beneath itself, likely mimicking a stinging wasp. The second defensive behavior is where the mantidfly holds the tip of its abdomen vertically as it begins to move itself in a back and forth motion. This likely not only mimics a stinging wasp but it also shows the striking coloration on the insect's abdomen.[2]
Males of the C. brunnea species will attract females using a distinctive pheromone. Once a female is found, the males will then perform an elaborate courtship ritual. They will spread and raise their wings repeatedly while also extending and stretching their raptorial forelegs. The males will repeatedly do this for a few minutes before stopping and continuing if there is no response.[5]
If a female is receptive, the two insects will then begin to mate. Pairs may be in copulation for up to a day.[5] Once finished, the male will leave a spermatophore on the female's genitalia.[5] Over the next few days, she will absorb this spermatophore and begin fertilizing her eggs.[5] After fertilizing the eggs, the female C. brunnea will oviposit her eggs sporadically and in crescent shaped groupings.[5]
.jpg)
Climaciella brunnea, known sometimes by the common names wasp mantidfly and brown mantidfly, is a predatory neuropteran insect in the family Mantispidae.
Climaciella brunnea est une espèce d'insectes névroptères de la famille des Mantispidae.
Climaciella brunnea vit au Canada et aux États-Unis.
Comme chez la plupart des Mantispidae, les larves de cette espèce parasitent des araignées. Les œufs des araignées-loups sont leur hôte préféré. Les larves se laissent envelopper par les araignées dans leurs sacs à œufs, car elles ne pourraient y pénétrer par elles-mêmes. Si l'araignée n'a pas encore pondu, la larve se nourrit de son sang en attendant. Une fois enfermée dans le sac, la larve mange les œufs jusqu'à sa pupaison.
Climaciella brunnea est long de 2 à 3 cm. Ses couleurs imitent celles de certaines guêpes (Polistes sp.).
Climaciella brunnea à Cross Plains, dans le Wisconsin.
Sur l'Île de Jekyll, en Géorgie.
Climaciella brunnea est une espèce d'insectes névroptères de la famille des Mantispidae.
Climaciella brunnea is een insect uit de familie van de Mantispidae, die tot de orde netvleugeligen (Neuroptera) behoort.
Climaciella brunnea is voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Say in Keating in 1824.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Climaciella brunnea là một loài côn trùng trong họ Mantispidae thuộc bộ Neuroptera. Loài này được Say in Keating miêu tả năm 1824.[1]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Climaciella brunnea tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Cánh gân này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Climaciella brunnea là một loài côn trùng trong họ Mantispidae thuộc bộ Neuroptera. Loài này được Say in Keating miêu tả năm 1824.
Латинское название Climaciella brunnea
Climaciella brunnea var. instabilis Opler, 1981
Climaciella rubescens Stitz, 1913
Climaciella rubescens var. laciniata Stitz, 1913
Climaciella rubescens var. unicolor Stitz, 1913
Mantispa brunnea Banks, 1911
Climaciella brunnea var. occidentis (Banks, 1911)
Climaciella occidentis (Banks, 1911)
Climaciella varia var. occidentis (Banks, 1911)
Climaciella brunnea (Banks, 1911)
Mantispa brunnea var. occidentis Banks, 1911
Mantispa burquei Provancher, 1875
Mantispa denaria Taylor, 1862
Mantispa moesta Hagen, 1861
Climaciella varia (Erichson, 1839)
Symphrasis varia (Erichson, 1839)
Mantispa varia Erichson, 1839
Mantispa brunnea Say in Keating, 1824
Climaciella brunnea (лат.) — вид хищных насекомых из семейства мантиспид отряда сетчатокрылых. Встречаются в Северной Америке: Канада (Британская Колумбия, Альберта, Манитоба, Онтарио, Квебек) и США[1][2].
Среднего размера сетчатокрылые насекомые (длина тела 2—3 см). Основная окраска коричневая с жёлтыми отметинами (мимикрия под общественных ос рода Polistes). Длина переднего крыла от 10 до 19 мм. Длина переднеспинки от 2,6 до 5,4 мм. Хищники, которые сильно увеличенными передними ногами (изогнутыми как у богомолов) захватывают свою добычу (мелких насекомых). Самцы живут только в период спаривания (весной). Личинки — паразитоиды, ассоциированы с пауками родов Schizocosa, Lycosa (Redborg and MacLeod 1983[3]; LaSalle 1986[4]), Rabidosa (Redborg 1998[5]) и Tarantula (George and George 1975[6])[1][7].
Вид Climaciella brunnea был впервые описан в 1824 году американским энтомологом Томасом Сэем в составе рода Mantispa под первоначальным названием Mantispa brunnea Say in Keating, 1824[8].
Climaciella brunnea (лат.) — вид хищных насекомых из семейства мантиспид отряда сетчатокрылых. Встречаются в Северной Америке: Канада (Британская Колумбия, Альберта, Манитоба, Онтарио, Квебек) и США.
