Passandridae jsou čeleď brouků z nadčeledi Cucojoidea. Zatím bylo popsáno 9 rodů s více než 100 druhy.
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Passandridae jsou čeleď brouků z nadčeledi Cucojoidea. Zatím bylo popsáno 9 rodů s více než 100 druhy.
Passandridae, the "parasitic flat bark beetles," are a family of beetles notable for being one of the very few beetle families with larvae that are, as far as known, exclusively ectoparasitic on the immature stages of other beetles and Hymenoptera.[1][2][3]
Adults are small to moderate sized beetles, 3-35mm, with heavily sclerotized bodies that are either dorso-ventrally compressed (genera occurring under bark) or subcylindrical in cross section (genera inhabiting wood-borer tunnels). Adults are generally brown or black, rarely with a color pattern, with prominent mandibles, confluent gular sutures, thick, moniliform antennae (antenna with equally sized spherical segments that looks like a string of beads), unequal tibial spurs on the front legs, and generally a characteristic system of grooves and/or carina on the dorsal surface.[4][5]
Larvae are highly modified for their parasitoid habits. First instar larvae are heavily sclerotized, flattened, and spiny. Later instar larvae are physogastric (swollen posteriorly), with simple setae, short unsegmented legs, and reduced mouthparts.[5] The larvae are especially associated with woodboring insects, as longhorn beetles and weevils. The adults are likely predaceous.[6]
Passandridae consists of 109 described species in nine genera. Only Passandra Dalman occurs in both the Old and New Worlds, being represented in the Neotropical region by a single species, P. fasciata (Gray). The genera Ancistria, Aulonosoma, Nicolebertia, and Passandrina are restricted to the Old World, while Catogenus, Passandrella, Scalidiopsis, and Taphroscelidia are found only in the New World. Only Catogenus and Taphroscelidia occur in the Nearctic. The largest genus is Ancistria, with 34 described species.
They are members of the superfamily Cucujoidea. The oldest record of the family is Mesopassandra, from mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber from Myanmar, around 100 million years old, which is placed in its own subfamily as the most primitive known member of the group.[6]
Passandridae, the "parasitic flat bark beetles," are a family of beetles notable for being one of the very few beetle families with larvae that are, as far as known, exclusively ectoparasitic on the immature stages of other beetles and Hymenoptera.
Adults are small to moderate sized beetles, 3-35mm, with heavily sclerotized bodies that are either dorso-ventrally compressed (genera occurring under bark) or subcylindrical in cross section (genera inhabiting wood-borer tunnels). Adults are generally brown or black, rarely with a color pattern, with prominent mandibles, confluent gular sutures, thick, moniliform antennae (antenna with equally sized spherical segments that looks like a string of beads), unequal tibial spurs on the front legs, and generally a characteristic system of grooves and/or carina on the dorsal surface.
Larvae are highly modified for their parasitoid habits. First instar larvae are heavily sclerotized, flattened, and spiny. Later instar larvae are physogastric (swollen posteriorly), with simple setae, short unsegmented legs, and reduced mouthparts. The larvae are especially associated with woodboring insects, as longhorn beetles and weevils. The adults are likely predaceous.
Passandridae consists of 109 described species in nine genera. Only Passandra Dalman occurs in both the Old and New Worlds, being represented in the Neotropical region by a single species, P. fasciata (Gray). The genera Ancistria, Aulonosoma, Nicolebertia, and Passandrina are restricted to the Old World, while Catogenus, Passandrella, Scalidiopsis, and Taphroscelidia are found only in the New World. Only Catogenus and Taphroscelidia occur in the Nearctic. The largest genus is Ancistria, with 34 described species.
They are members of the superfamily Cucujoidea. The oldest record of the family is Mesopassandra, from mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber from Myanmar, around 100 million years old, which is placed in its own subfamily as the most primitive known member of the group.
Passandridae er en familie av biller som hovedsakelig lever i tropene, selv om en art går så langt nord som Canada. I Europa lever ingen av dem ute i naturen, men arten Aulonosoma tenebrioides har blitt funnet i havneområder, trolig importert med tropisk tømmer. Såvidt man kjenner til lever disse billene som parasitter på larver og pupper av treborende biller og årevinger.
Små til middelsstore (3,5 – 35 mm), avlange, glatte, smale, parallellsidige, oftest brunlige biller. De fleste er ganske flate men noen er omtrent sylindriske. Hodet er stort og bredt, minst like bredt som brystskjoldet, med små, runde fasettøyne. Kjevene (mandiblene) er framoverrettede og stikker litt ut foran. Antennene er litt lengre enn hodet og brystskjoldet til sammen, 11-leddete, perlekjedeformede og ganske tykke. Brystskjoldet (pronotum) er lengre enn bredt, omtrent firkantet sett ovenfra, med avsatte sidekanter, tydelige bakhjørner og en stor, avlang grop i midten. Dekkvingene er avlange, parallellsidige, som oftest med lengdefurer. Beina er ganske korte og kraftige, føttene fem-leddete.
Biologien til disse billene er dårlig kjent men alle artene man vet noe om lever i død ved, gjerne under barken på døde trær, og lever av pupper (av og til også larver) av vedborende insekter. Det er ikke klart om de bør regnes som rovdyr eller parasitter. De angriper særlig biller (trebukker, praktbiller, hettebiller, snutebiller og andre) men også av og til årevinger. De aller fleste artene lever i tropene, men fire arter finnes naturlig i Nord-Amerika, og de lever så langt nord som Japan i Asia.
Passandridae er en familie av biller som hovedsakelig lever i tropene, selv om en art går så langt nord som Canada. I Europa lever ingen av dem ute i naturen, men arten Aulonosoma tenebrioides har blitt funnet i havneområder, trolig importert med tropisk tømmer. Såvidt man kjenner til lever disse billene som parasitter på larver og pupper av treborende biller og årevinger.
Passandridae (лат.) — семейство насекомых из подотряда разноядных жуков. Известно 9 родов и ~100 видов, распространённых повсеместно[1], за исключением западной Палеарктики и Новой Зеландии[2].
Для жуков этого семейства характерны следующие признаки:
Для личинок этого семейства характерны следующие признаки:
Личинки являются эктопаразитами насекомых, проживающих в древесине, главным образом усачей (Cerambycidae)[1].
Passandridae (лат.) — семейство насекомых из подотряда разноядных жуков. Известно 9 родов и ~100 видов, распространённых повсеместно, за исключением западной Палеарктики и Новой Зеландии.
Для жуков этого семейства характерны следующие признаки:
тело удлинённое, параллельностороннее, уплощённое и полуцилиндрическое; у обоих полов все лапки пятичлениковые (формула лапок — 5-5-5); голова и переднеспинка с системой линий и бороздок; на надкрыльях имеются чешуйки и остатки от чешуек; жилкование задних крыльев хорошо развито.Для личинок этого семейства характерны следующие признаки:
тело физогастрическое; ротовые органы, усики и ноги редуцированы.Личинки являются эктопаразитами насекомых, проживающих в древесине, главным образом усачей (Cerambycidae).
