Porifera

Figure 3. Anoxycalyx joubini on the gangplank at Hut Point, McMurdo Station.The same gangplank with A. joubini in 2010.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Ventriculites simplex, Toulmin Smith.

Coelosphaera tubifex, Wyville Thomson.

Hippospongia canaliculata, var. gossypina.

Hippospongia equina, var. meandriformis.

Reniera tubifera. Whole sponge.

[Sponges : Stylohalina conica].

Hyalonema toxeres (partie superieure). Hyalonema toxeres (partie inferieure). 2,400 metres de profondeur

Figure 2. Indiella gen.n. ridgenensis sp.n. A view from the dermal side B view from the atrial side; (i) holotype, (ii) to (iv) paratypes

Figure 4.Cyamon amphipolyactinum sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 22412, A shape (arrow) encrusting a fragment of sandstone (scale 1 cm) B long thin style B1 details of apices of long thin style C short thin style C1 details of apices of short thin style D short thick styles showing size variation D1 detail of head of short thick style E polyactines (three-, four-, five-, and seven-claded) and one amphipolyactine showing size differences E1 detail of bulbous end of lateral cladus F amphipolyactines full-grown and spined (left) next to incipient smooth spicule (right).

Figure 11Dysidea tupha. a specimen with typical cylindrical processes and finely, irregularly conulose surface; b, c views of the skeleton with fibres variably charged of mineral detritus (LM).

Figure 3.Placospongia anthosigma holotype (NSMT-Po R288) A type specimen (image taken from website database of the Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan) B selenaster C large tylostyle (head and blunt end) D spheraster E spirasters referred to as ‘anthosigma’ by Tanita & Hoshino (1989).

Figure 4.Cliona burtoni. A–C Tylostyle heads D–L Spirasters of various shape and thickness.

Figure 8.Dercitus (Stoeba) senegalensis sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 06721, Senegal, A habit (scale bar 1 cm) B calthrops including variations in shape and number of cladi C various sanidasters.

Giant barrel sponge (Xestospongia muta) exhibiting exposed tissue where portions of the barrels have been sheared off by stormFrom Wikimedia CommonsThe elkhorn coral colony at West Flower Garden Bank, located at approximately 27°54'33" N, 93°35'59" W, in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, is situated behind the barrel sponge in this photo (October 2008) .

Figure 4. Anoxycalyx joubini growth on rack at New Harbor, Explorers Cove.One of the racks at Explorers Cove in 2010, some A. joubini falling off of structure, but still alive.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Ventriculites simplex, Toulmin Smith, Outer surface.

Spongia oculata, showing the orifices and currents outwards.. 2. Anastomosing horny substance of Spongia communis.; 3. Siliceous spiculum of S. papillaris.

Euspongia officinalis, var. tuba.

Hippospongia equina, var. elastica.

Pheronema carpenteri, Wyville Thomson -- Demi-Grandeur. 1500 metres de profondeur

Chalinopsilla arbuscula.

Figure 3. Indeilla gen n. ridgenensis sp.n. drawings of spicules of the holotypes A dermal pentactin B atrial pentactin, C discohexaster D secondary ray of discohexaster

Figure 5.Map showing locality off the Mauritanian coast, where Cyamon amphipolyactinum sp. n. and Cyamon arguinense sp. n. were collected during the Netherlands Mauritania II Expedition, June 1988.