Onychogale Du Nord

Onychogalea unguifera (lat. Onychogalea unguifera) - caynaqquyruq kenquru cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

Mənbə

Xarici keçidlər

• biodiversity.mongabay.com

El ualabi de cua ungulada septentrional (Onychogalea unguifera) és una espècie de ualabi que viu a Queensland, Austràlia Occidental i el Territori del Nord (Austràlia). A diferència del ualabi de cua ungulada de brides (O. fraenata), el ualabi de cua ungulada septentrional no és una espècie amenaçada.^[1] El tercer membre d'aquest gènere, el ualabi de cua ungulada de mitja lluna (O. lunata), està extint.

Referències

Das Nördliche Nagelkänguru (Onychogalea unguifera) ist eine Beuteltierart aus der Familie der Kängurus (Macropodidae).

Verbreitungskarte des Nördlichen Nagelkängurus

Merkmale

Nördliche Nagelkängurus erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von bis zu 70 Zentimetern, hinzu kommt noch ein bis zu 73 Zentimeter langer Schwanz. Ihr Gewicht beträgt 5 bis 9 Kilogramm, wobei die Männchen größer und schwerer als die Weibchen werden. Wie bei den meisten Kängurus sind die Hinterbeine deutlich länger und kräftiger als die Vorderbeine. Der Schwanz ist lang und muskulös und weist wie bei allen Nagelkängurus einen kleinen, nagelartigen Sporn auf. Ihr Fell ist dicht und weich, es ist im Gegensatz zu den beiden übrigen Nagelkänguruarten an der Oberseite beige bis sandfarben gefärbt, die Unterseite ist weißlich. Entlang des Rückens verläuft ein dunkler Aalstrich, daneben sind im Gesicht und in der Hüftregion undeutliche weiße Streifen vorhanden.

Verbreitung und Lebensweise

Nördliche Nagelkängurus sind im nördlichen Australien beheimatet, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst das nördliche Western Australia, das nördliche Northern Territory sowie den Nordteil Queenslands. Lebensraum dieser Tiere sind offene Waldländer oder mit Bäumen bestandene Buschländer, sie kommen auch in mit Myrtenheiden-Dickichten bestandenen Küstengebieten vor.

Über die Lebensweise dieser Kängurus ist wenig bekannt. Sie sind dämmerungs- oder nachtaktiv und verbringen den Tag in einem niedrigen Nest oder im Pflanzendickicht versteckt. Bei der Fortbewegung halten sie die Vorderbeine nach außen und drehen sie beim Hüpfen, was ihnen die englische Bezeichnung „organ grinder“ (Drehorgelspieler) eingebracht hat. Sie leben überwiegend einzelgängerisch, manchmal schließen sich aber bis zu vier Tiere bei der Nahrungssuche zusammen. Ihre Nahrung besteht aus Gräsern und Kräutern.

Gefährdung

Im Gegensatz zu den beiden anderen Nagelkänguruarten sind die Bestände des Nördlichen Nagelkängurus seit der Besiedlung Australiens durch die Europäer nicht stark zurückgegangen. Im südlichen Teil ihres Verbreitungsgebietes sind sie aufgrund der Bejagung durch die eingeschleppten Füchse gebietsweise verschwunden, insgesamt gilt die Art aber als weit verbreitet und ist laut IUCN nicht bedroht.

In Europa wird die Art nicht gehalten, ehemalige Halter sind Frankfurt und Köln.^[1]

Literatur

• Ronald M. Nowak: Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9

Belege

1. ↑ [1] ZTL 10.6.

Weblinks

– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

• Onychogalea unguifera in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN. Abgerufen am 15. Mai 2009.

The northern or sandy nail-tail wallaby (Onychogalea unguifera) is a species of macropod found across northern Australia on arid and sparsely wooded plains. The largest species of the genus Onychogalea, it is a solitary and nocturnal herbivorous browser that selects its food from a wide variety of grasses and succulent plant material. Distinguished by a slender and long-limbed form that resembles the typical and well known kangaroos, although their standing height is shorter, around half of one metre, and their weight is less than nine kilograms. As with some medium to large kangaroo species, such as Osphranter rufus, they have an unusual pentapedal motion at slow speeds by stiffening the tail for a fifth limb. When fleeing a disturbance, they hop rapidly with the tail curled back and repeatedly utter the sound "wuluhwuluh". Their exceptionally long tail has a broad fingernail-like protuberance beneath a dark crest of hair at its end, a peculiarity of the genus that is much broader than the other species. The name unguifera, meaning claw, is a reference to this extraordinary attribute, the purpose of which is unknown.

Like the other species of the genus, they retire for the day in a shallow depression, but if disturbed they flee rapidly to find refuge in a hollow tree or thicket. Unlike the rare bridled nail-tail wallaby (O. fraenata), once widespread and currently rare, the northern nail-tail wallaby is not a threatened species.^[1] The other member of the genus Onychogalea, the crescent nail-tail wallaby (O. lunata) of the centre and west of Australia, probably became extinct in the mid-20th century.

Taxonomy

The first description and a specimen of Onychogalea unguifera was presented by John Gould to the Linnean Society of London in 1840, published in its journal the following year, and assigned to the genus Macropus. The epithet of the species was derived from the Latin term for "claw", a reference to the broad fingernail-like covering at the end of the tail that is a characteristic of the genus and most evident in this species.^[2] Gould named this species and Onychogalea lunata when completing his second volume of Mammals of Australia around 1849, allying it to a genus established by George Waterhouse. A lithograph depicting several individuals included in Gould's books of mammals, executed by the painter Henry C. Richter, was first published in the author's monograph of the kangaroo family Macropodidae.^[3] The single specimen examined by Gould was provided by Benjamin Bynoe, from a collection made at the northwestern coast of Australia during the expeditionary voyage of The Beagle.^[4]

A common name, nail-tailed kangaroo, was provided by Gould for the peculiar claw at the tip of the tail, noting the presence of only a rudimentary spur in its relations.^[4] The name in the Walpiri language is kururrungu,^[5] and a word in Dalabon (Gunwinyguan, non-Pama-Nyungan) – wuluhwuluh – is derived from a sound that the species makes while hopping. An ethnobiological survey of Dalabon words for animals notes several onomatopoeic terms, but this is the only mammal named for its call; it is also locally referred to as the left-hand kangaroo.^[6] The name karrabbal was reported by Knut Dahl, who recorded the species in Arnhem Land and made observations at Roebuck Bay.^[7]

Two subspecies are generally recognised,^[8][9]

• Onychogalea unguifera unguifera from the northwestern part of its range;
• Onychogalea unguifera annulicauda, first described by Charles Walter De Vis in 1884 as a new species, based on a single specimen of an immature female, collected by Kendall Broadbent during an expedition around the Norman River at the Gulf of Carpentaria.^[10][11]

Description

The largest of a small group of macropods, the genus Onychogalea. known as nail-tail wallabies, which possess similar incisors and a dark growth resembling a fingernail or horny spur beneath a crest of fur at the end of the tail.^[12] This claw-like feature of the tail is unique amongst the marsupials and an exceptional characteristic for any mammal, and this species bears the most prominent and developed tail nail of the genus.^[4] Speculation on the purpose of the horny end includes its use as a defensive weapon, delivering a blow inflicted from the very long tail, or that it is an ancestral relic of a disused function.^[7]

A hopping marsupial resembling the larger kangaroo species, the form of the body is light and elegant. The northern species is taller and heavier than other nailtails, but with limbs, tail and other features that are proportionally longer. They hop with their arms held in a stiff manner, so that these move in a circular motion, fleeing with their heads held low and long tail curled upward.^[13][12] The curled posture of the tail, usual in macropods in motion, is exaggerated to nearly form a semi-circle.^[7] The length of the head and body combined is 500 to 700 millimetres, exceeded by the tail measuring from 600 to 740 mm and an average length of 650 mm. The standing height of the animal, from the ground to the crown of the head, is around 0.65 metres, their weight ranges from five to nine kilograms. The colour of the pelage is a sandy colour, with gingery tones, becoming paler at the head and neck. A rufous shade is found at the flank, grading to the lighter creamy colour of the underside, and a creamy stripe breaks the greyish fur at the hip. The noted horny feature at the tail's terminus is hidden beneath a hairy blackish tuft, this darker coloration of the fur covers the last third of the tail. The upper body colour at the base of the tail fades to creamy white, sometimes merging with grey bands at the midpoint of the tail's length. The species have ears that are mobile, pale grey in colour, and exceptionally long at 80 to 92 mm.^[13]

The utterance when fleeing an observer, described in the name wuluhwuluh, was noted by Knut Dahl as repeating a guttural sound "u-u-u".^[7]

Behaviour

This marsupial is a nocturnal and usually solitary grazer and forager. The species is selective in its choice of the most palatable grasses or herbaceous and succulent plants, and is known to also consume some fruits.^[1] They reside during the day beneath trees or shrubs in a shallow depression scraped into the sand. The species may seek to avoid discovery or seek refuge beneath a low shrubbery or by lying amongst some tall grass.^[13]

The slow gait of O. unguifera has a characteristic usually associated with mid-sized to large species of Macropus and, like the pentapedal motion of the red kangaroo, uses all four limbs and the large tail to move forward in a "five-legged" manner. This form of locomotion has been attributed to variety of macropods, with contrary opinions on which actually use their large tails to pivot the hind legs forward, but video analysis of their movements confirms this species use of the unusual gait.^[14]

A specimen captured in northern Queensland was successfully held in captivity, as a pet, at a Victorian garden in the early 20th century. The animal was friendly when active and recognised its custodian, who supplemented its forage with vegetation outside its enclosed area.^[15]

Distribution and habitat

Lithograph by Henry C. Richter, published by John Gould in the mid-18th century

An endemic species of northern Australia that favours a diverse range of arid habitat and may be common at some locations in its broad distribution range. They occur in the northern parts of the continent, generally inland from the coastline, from the east at Cape York Peninsula, through the Top End and through the Kimberley region to the northwestern coast.^[13] The areas occupied by Onychogalea unguifera are patchily distributed within the large range, sometimes locally common or abundant at favoured sites, and this has not known to have been greatly altered since the later 20th century.^[1]

The habitat occupied by O. unguifera is most often areas dominated by tussocks of tough grasses or low shrubby plant species, vegetation interspersed with occasional trees over arid landscapes, and especially associated with the meeting of clay soils at sandy loams. The marsupial is also recorded at dense stands of Melaleuca species. The conservation status of the species was assessed for the IUCN Red List in 2015 as least concern. The population size is presumed to be large, occurs in a wide range that include conservation reserves, and is not known to be declining at a rate that threatens the species with extinction. The favoured habitat is not commonly found in the protected areas of the Northern Territory or Queensland, and the species is almost unknown in conservation zones in Western Australia; this may make O. unguifera vulnerable to threatening factors resulting from alterations to land use and fire regimes.^[1]

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), deliberately introduced during colonisation and a predator of O. unguifera, is thought to have extirpated their southerly distribution range. As the fox extended its own range to the central regions of Australia, the mammal has had a major impact on the endemic population of small to medium-sized mammals, and this is recognised as a potential threatening factor if the red fox advances to the north of Australia.^[1] Research conducted by consultation with Aboriginal people of northern Australia, who are well acquainted and with the animal and capture it for food, indicated a stable population with only a slight decline in Arnhem Land.^[16]

Native predators might include Crocodylus johnstoni, a smaller crocodile that occurs in fresh water, which is known to be able to consume this larger species when dead and perhaps able to capture it when alive.^[17]

The remains of O. unguifera, preserved as subfossils, have been found in the Grampians region of western Victoria.^[18] Fossilised material located at a coastal site of the Montebello area, a sandplain now submerged by the sea, reveals the species once occupied areas south of the Kimberley.^[19]

The northern nail-tail wallaby is reported to have been deliberately released at Wilsons Promontory in Victoria during 1924, in a misguided attempt to introduce the species to the area.^[20]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Onychogalea unguifera.

El canguro rabipelado del norte (Onychogalea unguifera) es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia de los macropódidos.^[2]​

Distribución geográfica

Vive en el norte de Australia, en los estados de Australia Occidental, Territorio del Norte y Queensland.^[2]​

Referencias

Onychogalea unguifera Onychogalea generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Macropodinae azpifamilia eta Macropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

• 'Onychogalea unguifera'ri buruzko informazioa Mammals of The World datubasean

Ikus, gainera

• Macropodidae

Onychogalea unguifera

L’Onychogale du Nord (Onychogalea unguifera; en anglais : The Northern Nail-tail Wallaby) est une espèce de petit Macropodidae. Il est endémique du nord de l'Australie.

Description

Il peut atteindre une longueur corps-tête de 70 centimètres auxquels il faut ajouter une longueur de 73 centimètres pour la queue. Son poids est de 5 à 9 kg. Les mâles sont plus grands et plus lourds que les femelles. Comme chez la plupart des kangourous, les pattes postérieures sont beaucoup plus longues et plus fortes que les membres antérieurs. La queue est longue et musclée et, comme chez les deux autres espèces d'Onychogalea, a un petit ongle à son extrémité. Sa fourrure est épaisse et douce, de couleur beige sable dans le dos alors que le ventre est blanchâtre. Le long du dos, dans sa partie centrale, court une bande sombre alors que les côtés du visage et les hanches ont une bande blanche.

Répartition et mode de vie

Il est endémique dans le nord de l'Australie. Son aire de répartition comprend le nord de l'Australie-Occidentale, le nord du Territoire du Nord et la partie nord du Queensland. Il habite les forêts ouvertes les terres boisées, les brousses arborées ainsi que les fourrés de Melaleuca quinquenervia dans les zones côtières.

Mode de vie

Son mode de vie est peu connu. Il sort au crépuscule ou la nuit et passe la journée caché dans un nid peu profond ou dans la végétation luxuriante. Il vit la plupart du temps en solitaire, parfois en petits groupes jusqu'à quatre animaux pour se nourrir. Son régime alimentaire est composé de graminées et d'herbes.

Contrairement aux deux autres espèces d'Onychogales, sa population n'a pas significativement diminué depuis la colonisation de l'Australie par les Européens. Dans la partie sud de son aire de répartition, il a disparu en raison de la chasse faite par les renards mais, dans l'ensemble, l'espèce est répandue sur tout son territoire et n'est pas menacée, selon l'UICN.

Notes et références

• Ronald M. Nowak: Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999. (ISBN 0-8018-5789-9)

Il wallaby dalla coda unghiuta (Onychogalea unguifera Gould, 1841) è una specie di Macropodide diffusa in Queensland, Australia Occidentale e Territorio del Nord. Diversamente dai suoi parenti, il wallaby dalle briglie (O. fraenata) e quello dall'unghia lunata (O. lunata), non è una specie minacciata^[2].

Il wallaby dalla coda unghiuta è di gran lunga la specie più grande del genere Onychogalea. È un animale solitario e notturno che si nutre brucando una grande varietà di foglie. La sua pelliccia, di color sabbia, dà origine all'altro nome con cui viene indicato^[3].

Ne sono state riconosciute due sottospecie, ma la loro validità viene ancora discussa.

• O. u. unguifera, della parte nord-occidentale dell'areale;
• O. u. annulicauda, della parte nord-orientale dell'areale^[4].

Note

Onychogalea unguifera (binomen a Gould inventum anno 1841), (Anglice: northern nail-tail wallaby) est animal Marsupiale herbivorum Australianum.

Pinacotheca

• Onychogalea unguifera
  ab Ioanne Gould pictus

Nexus externi

• Onychogalea_unguifera apud Animal diversityweb
• Action Plan for Australian Marsupials & Monotremes
• Onychogalea unguifera apud Indicem rubrum IUCN

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Onychogalea unguifera spectant (Onychogalea, Onychogalea unguifera).

Notae

• Sakai, Tatsuo, et E. W. van Lennep. 1984. The Harderian Gland in Australian Marsupials. Journal of Mammalogy 65(1):159–162.

De noordelijke stekelstaartkangoeroe (Onychogalea unguifera) is een kangoeroe uit het geslacht der stekelstaartkangoeroes (Onychogalea) die voorkomt in de drogere delen van Noord-Australië, van het zuiden van de Kimberley (Noordoost-West-Australië) tot de westkant van het Kaap York-schiereiland (Noord-Queensland).

De noordelijke stekelstaartkangoeroe is de grootste stekelstaartkangoeroe en de enige die nog algemeen voorkomt. De bovenkant van het lichaam is zandbruin, de onderkant wit. De grote oren zijn lichtgrijs. Over de wangen en de heupen lopen witte strepen. De lange staart is bij de wortel lichtgrijs, maar de achterste helft is zwart. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 500 tot 700 mm, de staartlengte 600 tot 740 mm, de oorlengte 80 tot 92 mm en het gewicht 5000 tot 9000 g. Staande is hij tot 650 mm hoog.

Deze solitaire soort is 's nachts actief en eet fruit, kruiden, gras en andere vegetatie. Overdag verbergt hij zich in dichte vegetatie.

Literatuur

• Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Diprotodontia. pp. 43–70 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
• Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X

Pazurogon jedwabisty^[4][5], kangur pręgowany^[5] (Onychogalea unguifera) – gatunek torbacza z rodziny kangurowatych^[2].

Wygląd

Długość ciała – 65 cm, długość ogona – 60 cm, masa 4,5-9 kg. Gęsta, żółtobrązowa sierść, ciemniejszy pas wzdłuż grzbietu. Pazurogon jedwabisty, podobnie jak inne gatunki tego rodzaju, ma na końcu ogona rogowy pazur o nieznanej funkcji, któremu zawdzięcza swą nazwę.

Występowanie

Od północnej części Australii Zachodniej do północno-wschodniego Queenslandu. Nie występuje w rejonach o wysokich opadach, jak Ziemia Arnhema czy Kimberley.

Środowisko życia

Na północy zamieszkuje lekko zadrzewione obszary zalewowe, na południu – otwarte lasy porośnięte trawą, zakrzewiony teren sawannowy oraz obszary trawiaste porośnięte pojedynczymi drzewami. Lubi sąsiedztwo cieków wodnych.

Tryb życia

Najbardziej aktywny o wschodzie i zachodzie słońca. Roślinożerca. Żyje pojedynczo, jedynie podczas żerowania tworzy grupy liczące do czterech osobników. Podobnie jak inne pazurogony wygrzebuje przednimi łapami płaskie doły pod drzewami, w których spędza dzień. Spłoszony ucieka szybkimi skokami lub ukrywa się w dziuplastych pniach drzew.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

1. Mały słownik zoologiczny: ssaki. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1978.
2. Onychogalea unguifera [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [online] [dostęp 2008-12-24] (ang.).

Onychogalea unguifera é uma espécie de marsupial da família Macropodidae.

Endêmica da Austrália.

Referências

• GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.

Onychogalea unguifera^[2][3][4][5] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av John Gould 1840. Onychogalea unguifera ingår i släktet Onychogalea och familjen kängurudjur.^[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.^[1] Inga underarter finns listade.^[6]

Pungdjuret förekommer i norra Australien och vistas där i öppna skogar samt på gräs- eller buskmarker.^[1]

Källor

1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Onychogalea unguifera Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
3. ^ (1998) , website Onychogalea unguifera, Mammal Species of the World
4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
5. ^ Nowak, Ronald M. (1991) , Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.
6. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
7. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Onychogalea unguifera.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Onychogalea unguifera.
  Artförteckning

Bildgalleri

• 1 Поширення
• 2 Опис
• 3 Загрози та охорона
• 4 Джерела
• 5 Галерея

Onychogalea unguifera là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Macropodidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1840.^[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Onychogalea unguifera tại Wikispecies
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• 2 Распространение
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북부발톱꼬리왈라비(Onychogalea unguifera)은 캥거루과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 퀸즐랜드 주와 웨스턴오스트레일리아 주, 노던 준주에서 발견된다. 고삐발톱꼬리왈라비와 달리, 북부발톱꼬리왈라비는 멸종위기종이 아니다.^[2] 발톱꼬리왈라비속의 다른 종, 초승달발톱꼬리왈라비(O. lunata)는 멸종했다. 북부발톱꼬리왈라비는 발톱꼬리왈라비속의 다른 종들에 비해 월등히 가장 크다. 홀로 생활을 하며, 야행성 동물로 다양한 식물 잎을 먹는다. 모래빛 색을 띠며, 이 때문에 "모래빛발톱꼬리왈라비"로도 불린다.^[3]

아종

2종의 아종이 알려져 있으나 유효종 인지는 논쟁중이다.

• O. u. unguifera - 분포 지역 북서부
• O. u. annulicauda - 분포 지역 북동부^[4]

각주