La pistoloquia (Aristolochia paucinervis) ye una yerbácea de la familia de les aristoloquiacees.
Planta yerbácea y viviegu que forma una pequeña tuberosidad soterraña, de la que parten numberosos raigaños de color ocre claru, que se llanquen verticalmente nel suelu. Los tarmos, de 30-40 cm, desenvolver en zig-zag. Nos coldos lleven dos tales fueyes glauques, alternes, peciolaes, acorazonáu-triangulares, colos márxenes finamente dentaos y rugosas pol viesu. Les flores apaecen solitaries nes axiles de les fueyes, sosteníes por un pedúnculu muncho más llargu qu'el rabillu foliar; tienen color pardusco, col llabiu cimeru púrpura escuru. Frutu globulosu, con 6 llinies de color verde intensu que lo percuerren llonxitudinalmente. Floria en primavera.[1]
Nel Mediterraneu, Península Ibérica y en Macaronesia. Habita en cultivos, carbes esclariaes y zones ruderalizaes. Geófito.
Los sos fervinchos son escitantes, aportando a tóxiques a dosis elevaes.
Aristolochia paucinervis describióse por Auguste Nicolas Pomel y espublizóse en Nouveau Materiaux pour la Flore Atlantique 1: 136. 1874.[2]
Aristolochia: nome xenéricu que deriva de les pallabres griegues aristos ( άριστος ) = "que ye útil" y locheia ( λοχεία ) = "nacencia", pol so antiguu usu como ayuda nos partos. [3][4] Sicasí, según Cicerón, la planta lleva'l nome d'un tal "Aristolochos", qu'a partir d'un suañu, aprendiera a utilizala como un antídotu pa les mordedures de culiebra.[5]
La aristoloquia llamóse ansí por paecer qu'a les muyeres socorría nel partu........La redonda tien virtú contra toles otres ponzoñas; mas la llonga aguanta'l dañu de les culiebres y de cualquier venenu mortíferu si bebe una dracma della con vinu y aplícase tamién por de fora. Bebida con pimienta y con mirra expele el menstruo, los pares y la criatura del banduyu; y lo mesmo fai metida na natura de la muyer. Pedacio Dioscórides Anazarbeo, alrodiu de la Materia Melecinal y de los venenos mortíferos. Andrés Llaguna. 1566, Salamanca.
paucinervis:, epítetu llatín que significa "pocu veteado".[6]
Cicerone, De divinatione 1.10.16
Inquiz scammoneae radix ad purgandum inquiz aristolochia ad morsus serpentium possit quae nomen ex inventore repperit rem ipsam inventor ex somnio - posse videu quod satis est; cur possit nescio.
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Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. La pistoloquia (Aristolochia paucinervis) ye una yerbácea de la familia de les aristoloquiacees.
Aristolochia paucinervis is a herbaceous plant in the family Aristolochiaceae endemic to the western Mediterranean Basin.
Aristolochia paucinervis is a perennial geophyte plant. Its saxophone-shaped flowers are used to attract their pollinators (flies).[3]
The genus name Aristolochia is comprised the ancient greek words Aristos and Lochia which translate to “best” and “childbirth” respectively due to its historic uses in traditional medicine where the roots were used as a stimulant used during childbirth to promote labour.[3][4] The authority of the species is Pomel, who first published the species in Nouveau Materiaux pour la Flore Atlantique 1874.[5] Aristolochia paucinervis is also commonly referred to as ‘Barraztam’ in Morocco.[6]
Aristolochia paucinervis is a climbing perennial vine plant that can grow up to heights of 0.5m in the understory of the forest. [7] The plant has simple, smooth, broad leaves 3-5cm wide with a triangular-oval blade shape and palmate veins. [7][8] This plant possesses a tuber which acts as storage for the plant.[9]
The flowers have two different phenotypes: yellow-white flowers and brown-purple flowers.[9] The flower is protogynous which means that the male reproductive organs and female reproductive organs develop at different times to prevent self-fertilization.[9] The flowers has a tube shaped perianth derived from a modified calyx. The perianth forms a reproductive structure known as the gynostemium which houses the fused styles, stigmata and anthers.[9] Flowers produce around 2100 pollen grains and 42 ovules. [9]
Aristolochia paucinervis undergoes pollination by exuding a strong smell that attracts small Diptera (flies) into its tube shaped periant. The flies remain trapped as the hairs prevent them from escaping for a period of time. When the anthers mature, pollen is deposited onto the fly and the hairs inside the tube wither which allow the insect to escape and pollinate another flower.[9] [10]
The pollination mechanism is said to be deceptive because the pollinators are saprophagous which means that they feed on decaying matter and do not feed on the nectar or pollen that is provided by the plant. [9]
After flowering, the stigma and perianth wilt, exposing the ovary on the plant.[9] The ovary then develops into a capsular fruit up to 3cm in length which contains around 11 large seeds. [9]
Aristolochia paucinervis is widely distributed throughout the western Mediterranean, including Madeira and the Canary Islands of Macaronesia, Morocco, the Iberian Peninsula (most of Portugal and primarily southern Spain), the Balearic Islands, southern France, a small part of Algeria and is thought to be extinct in Tunisia.
It can be found at elevations between 500 - 2,500m.
It grows in sandy and stony pastures, meadows, rocky cliffs, scrub, woodlands clearings, cultivated fields, weed of crops, wood grassy mountains and Mediterranean forest and prefers moist humid to dry substrates, stony, clay and sandy soils, relatively poor with a basic pH.[1][11]
Traditional uses of Aristolochia paucinervis include its role in Moroccan medicine, where it is locally known as “Barraztam”.[12] The powdered root or rhizome of Aristolochia paucinervis is mixed with salted smen - this mixture can be applied topically to treat skin infections, injuries and gas gangrene, or ingested with honey or salted butter to treat abdominal pain and upper respiratory tract infections.[12]
Aristolochia paucinervis has several medicinal uses. Ingesting the dried powdered root of Aristolochia paucinervis is used as a treatment of aortic palpitations, constipation, intestinal disorders, colic, gas gangrene, and as a poison antidote for snakebites.[13] Additionally, the methanol extract from the leaves of Aristolochia paucinervis has anti-fungal properties and is effective against pathogenic fungi responsible for skin diseases and infections such as tinea, dermatitis, and mycoses.[13] The most susceptible fungi were Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton violaceum in contrast to Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum which were less sensitive to the fractions tested.[13] The leaves of Aristolochia paucinervis possess antibacterial activity - in a study conducted by Gadhi et al., Aristolochia paucinervis exhibited activity against Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus subtilis, as seen by the minimum inhibitory concentration.[14] The whole plant of Aristolochia paucinervis can be used externally to treat ringworm and wounds when dried and pulverized.[13] Plants of the Aristolochiaceae family contain aristolochic acids (AAs) - this compound has a long history of use in herbal medicine that dates back to the 5th century in China and even earlier in Europe.[13] The presence of AA in the roots of the plant stimulates white blood cell activity and speeds wound healing. AAs are also used to treat tuberculosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and infantile pneumonia.[10]
In addition to its many medicinal uses, Aristolochia paucinervis exhibits anti-cancer properties. Research has suggested that Aristolochia paucinervis contains a peptide, EnnA, that directly inhibits HSP90, a cell protector hijacked by cancer to avoid being attacked by the immune system. Thus, by inhibiting HSP90, EnnA allows the immune system to respond to cancer cells.[6] Despite its cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines and apoptosis-induced pathways, the preparation of Aristolochia paucinervis for cancer is banned in many countries.[6]
Although there are few reports of acute human or animal poisoning by the Aristolochia paucinervis, plants of the Aristolochiaceae family are considered dangerous when consumed over long periods of time as the roots contain aristolochic acids (AAs). AAs are responsible for renal damage due to their nephrotoxic effects. When taken internally, AAs can be carcinogenic - rhizomes used over a long period of time can cause irreversible kidney damage, haematuria, and limb paralysis.[3]
The plant is categorized as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[3] There are currently no conservation tactics in place. However, to maintain the species it is recommended to protect the habitats by reducing human threats like coastal development, random cutting, overgrazing, local collection practices, tourism, irregular fires, deforestation, and trampling. Although a population decline is seen at some sites such as North Africa (Morocco and Algeria), the overall population trend is stable.[12]
Aristolochia paucinervis is a herbaceous plant in the family Aristolochiaceae endemic to the western Mediterranean Basin.
La pistoloquia (Aristolochia paucinervis) es una herbácea de la familia de las aristoloquiáceas.
Planta herbácea y vivaz que forma una pequeña tuberosidad subterránea, de la que parten numerosas raíces de color ocre claro, que se hincan verticalmente en el suelo. Los tallos, de 30-40 cm, se desarrollan en zig-zag. En los codos llevan sendas hojas glaucas, alternas, pecioladas, acorazonado-triangulares, con los márgenes finamente dentados y rugosas por el envés. Las flores aparecen solitarias en las axilas de las hojas, sostenidas por un pedúnculo mucho más largo que el rabillo foliar; tienen color pardusco, con el labio superior púrpura oscuro. Fruto globuloso, con 6 líneas de color verde intenso que lo recorren longitudinalmente. Florece en primavera.[1]
En el Mediterráneo, península ibérica y en Macaronesia. Habita en cultivos, matorrales aclarados y zonas ruderalizadas. Geófito.
Sus infusiones son excitantes, llegando a ser tóxicas a dosis elevadas.
Aristolochia paucinervis fue descrita por Auguste Nicolas Pomel y publicado en Nouveau Materiaux pour la Flore Atlantique 1: 136. 1874.[2]
Aristolochia: nombre genérico que deriva de las palabras griegas aristos ( άριστος ) = "que es útil" y locheia ( λοχεία ) = "nacimiento", por su antiguo uso como ayuda en los partos.[3][4] Sin embargo, según Cicerón, la planta lleva el nombre de un tal "Aristolochos", que a partir de un sueño, había aprendido a utilizarla como un antídoto para las mordeduras de serpiente.[5]
La aristoloquia se llamó ansí por parecer que a las mujeres socorría en el parto........La redonda tiene virtud contra todas las otras ponzoñas; mas la luenga resiste el daño de las serpientes y de cualquier veneno mortífero si se bebe una dracma della con vino y se aplica también por de fuera. Bebida con pimienta y con mirra expele el menstruo, las pares y la criatura del vientre; y lo mismo hace metida en la natura de la mujer. Pedacio Dioscórides Anazarbeo, acerca de la Materia Medicinal y de los venenos mortíferos. Andrés Laguna. 1566, Salamanca.
paucinervis:, epíteto latino que significa "poco veteado".[6]
Cicerone, De divinatione 1.10.16Quid scammoneae radix ad purgandum quid aristolochia ad morsus serpentium possit quae nomen ex inventore repperit rem ipsam inventor ex somnio - posse video quod satis est; cur possit nescio.
La pistoloquia (Aristolochia paucinervis) es una herbácea de la familia de las aristoloquiáceas.
Aristolochia paucinervis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Aristolochiaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Pomel, tendo sido publicada em Nouveau Materiaux pour la Flore Atlantique 1: 136. 1874.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente em Portugal Continental e no Arquipélago da Madeira.
Em termos de naturalidade é nativa das duas regiões atrás indicadas.
Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.
Aristolochia paucinervis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Aristolochiaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Pomel, tendo sido publicada em Nouveau Materiaux pour la Flore Atlantique 1: 136. 1874.
Aristolochia paucinervis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Aristolochiaceae. Loài này được Pomel mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1874.[1]
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Hồ tiêu này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Aristolochia paucinervis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Aristolochiaceae. Loài này được Pomel mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1874.
