Astatotilapia burtoni és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[4]
Els mascles poden assolir els 15 cm de longitud total.[5]
Menja una àmplia varietat d'aliments: peixos petits, larves d'insectes, algues (com ara, diatomees) i restes vegetals.[6]
Es troba a l'Àfrica Oriental: llac Tanganyika i els seus afluents a Burundi, Tanzània, Ruanda i Zàmbia.[2][5][6]
Astatotilapia burtoni és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Burtons Maulbrüter (Astatotilapia burtoni, Syn.: Haplochromis burtoni) ist eine Buntbarschart, die im ostafrikanischen Tanganjikasee, den in den See strömenden Flüssen und im Lukuga, dem Abfluss des Tanganjikasees zum Kongo, vorkommt. Außerdem kommt sie im oberen und mittleren Kagera-Nil und den Seen in seinem Einzugsgebiet vor, wo Burtons Maulbrüter wahrscheinlich vom Menschen eingeführt wurde. Burtons Maulbrüter wurde nach der Burtonbucht benannt, die ihrerseits nach dem britischen Afrikaforscher Richard Francis Burton benannt wurde.
Männchen von Burtons Maulbrüter werden im Allgemeinen 12 cm lang, die Maximallänge beträgt 15 cm. Weibchen bleiben mit einer Länge von 7 cm deutlich kleiner. Die Art hat die typische Gestalt eines Haplochromis-Verwandten mit einem bulligen Kopf und einem großen, leicht nach oben stehenden Maul. Der Körper ist gelblich bis grünlichgrau oder hellblau gefärbt und zeigt einige dunkle Querstreifen, die je nach Stimmung mehr oder weniger deutlich sichtbar sind. Auf beiden Kopfseiten zeigen sich deutliche Augenbinden, die sich vom Nacken zu den Mundwinkeln erstrecken. Außerdem gibt es zwei bis drei waagerechte dunkle Streifen über dem Maul. Die Lippen sind blau. Männchen zeigen auf der Afterflosse deutliche gelbe, schwarz umrandete Eiflecke. Der Schwanzflossenstiel ist 1,1- bis 1,2-mal so lang wie hoch. Die Anzahl der Flossenstacheln in der Rückenflosse liegt bei 13 bis 15.
Burtons Maulbrüter lebt in seichten Abschnitten des Tanganjikasee in der Nähe von Flussmündungen, in den Flussmündungen, mündungsnahen Sümpfen und Überschwemmungsgebieten und in langsam fließenden Flüssen. Er ist ein Allesfresser, der Insektenlarven, kleinere Fische, Diatomeen, Algen und verschiedenes pflanzliches Material frisst. Zur Laichzeit sind die Männchen revierbildend und legen eine flache Grube in den Gewässerboden an, in die die Partner ablaichen. Die Eier werden anschließend vom Weibchen ins Maul genommen. Nach etwa 14 Tagen werden die Jungfische aus dem Maul entlassen, können bei Gefahrensituationen aber noch einige Zeit lang dort Zuflucht suchen.
Burtons Maulbrüter (Astatotilapia burtoni, Syn.: Haplochromis burtoni) ist eine Buntbarschart, die im ostafrikanischen Tanganjikasee, den in den See strömenden Flüssen und im Lukuga, dem Abfluss des Tanganjikasees zum Kongo, vorkommt. Außerdem kommt sie im oberen und mittleren Kagera-Nil und den Seen in seinem Einzugsgebiet vor, wo Burtons Maulbrüter wahrscheinlich vom Menschen eingeführt wurde. Burtons Maulbrüter wurde nach der Burtonbucht benannt, die ihrerseits nach dem britischen Afrikaforscher Richard Francis Burton benannt wurde.
Astatotilapia burtoni is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae.
It is found in Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding waterways,[2] including parts of Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and inland deltas.
Astatotilapia burtoni has been used as a model organism to study the behaviors and physical systems of cichlids, including their development and embryogenesis. Moreover, the phylogenetic position of this particular species makes it an ideal model system for comparative genomic research. A. burtoni belongs under the haplochromines, which is the lineage of cichlids with the most species, and has been discovered to be a sister group to both the Lake Victoria region superflock (which has about 600 species) and the species flock of Lake Malawi (which has about 1,000 species).[3]
The males of the Astatotilapia burtoni come in two phenotypes that are reversible. The males can readily switch between being territorial and non-territorial based on the social environment they are in: dominant, territorial males possess bright coloration, aggressive behavior while defending territory, and an active role in sexually reproducing with the females; subordinate and non-territorial males possess coloration similar that of the females, lack initiative to pursue female counterparts, and are reproductively suppressed due to regressed gonads.[4] The transitions between different social roles cause several changes in the brain and reproductive system, such that the social transformation affects them both behaviorally and physically.[5]
To expand on reversibility, if a territorial male is placed with an individual that is significantly larger in size, it will then rapidly socially transform into the non-territorial type. This change can be detected by the behavior and alternate coloration that follows. The change in reproductive competence, however, occurs about three weeks after the formerly territorial male loses its territory to the larger fish.[6] In regards to the other social transition, when a non-territorial male becomes the territorial type, it will almost immediately exhibit aggressive behavior and an eyebar,[7] while the physiological changes will follow in about one week.[6]
Several studies have been done in order to pinpoint the biological basis on which this reversal occurs, and they suggest that the stress hormone cortisol may have a direct role in social status, because cortisol may change the biological priorities of the cichlid's system.[8] Under chronic stress, the animal may experience reproductive regression (as shown in the territorial's male shift to the non-territorial type) as a result of the body's efforts to combat the stressor, as opposed to using the metabolic energy for long-term goals like reproduction.[9] Moreover, studies have also shown that the male cichlid's social phenotype directly influences the hormone levels of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Plasma concentrations of these androgens in both the territorial males and non-territorial males were measured and assessed, and it was found that the territorial males have drastically higher plasma concentrations of both hormones.[10]
The cichlid males' behavior of shifting between dominant and subordinate states as a result of the social environment can also be related to females in their vicinity, for females may alternate between reproductive states as well, but independently of social conditions. Females use a complex integration of cues in order to make their mate preferences, which may be from genetic factors, learned behaviors, or hormone levels. They can socially transform between a gravid reproductive state, which is egg-bearing, and a non-gravid reproductive state, and it was shown in a study that the mating preferences of the female highly depended on the reproductive state in which the female was in. Gravid female cichlids will prefer to spend time with the dominant male type instead of the subordinate male type, whereas the non-gravid females do not have a preference for either one. This may be explained by the fact that because for spawning to occur, the gravid females must be courted by the dominant males, suggesting that gravid females' preference for dominant males is a behavioral priming mechanism.[11]
Astatotilapia burtoni, like Oreochromis mossambicus, is a lekking species, so the dominant males will have male displays of courtship in order to attract and lure females that are passing by. Studies have revealed that a male's dorsal fin's color plays a crucial role in attracting females, and that the neural activity in the ventral telencephalon area of the brain is correlated with female preference for males with more vibrant dorsal fins. [12]The behavior starts with the male attempting to catch the female's attention by displaying his side to the female while quivering his body. The male will then try to lead the female back to a spawning site, and if she follows and thus is ready to spawn she will peck at egg-shaped spots on the male's anal fin as he quivers again. The female will then lay her eggs, collect them in her mouth, then peck at the egg spots on the male. The male releases sperm and fertilizes the eggs in the female's mouth. This pecking and fertilizing behavior repeats until the female is done laying eggs.[13]
Once the females are enticed and enter the male's territory to spawn, after spawning, the females will rear the young in their mouths, a behavior called mouthbrooding.[14] After about two weeks of incubation have passed, the females will release their young. However, exposure to excess noise during maternal mouthbrooding can cause cannibalization or premature release of the brood.[15] Following brood release, after several more weeks have passed, the female cichlids will have recovered physiologically enough to be able to spawn again.[5]
Maternal mouthbrooding is recognized to affect hormones and reproductive cycles for the female cichlids, but the effects as a result of neural processing and food deprivation are not known. A study particularly focused on this subject matter examined the effects that maternal mouthbrooding may have on a wide variety of physiological practices, in order to see if they are consequences of food deprivation, and indeed it was found that many of the changes (not all) are explained by food deprivation.[16]
Many animals use multimodal communication, having multiple sensory modalities at their disposal for reproductive interactions, and the Astatotilapia burtoni has been used as a model to study the production of the wide variety sexual signal types. A. burtoni incorporate multiple sensory systems, including chemosensory, visual, acoustic, to be able to socially interact in their complex manner.[5]
East African cichlids, in general, are especially known for their vibrantly colored bodies and the role that coloration plays in courting and mating, but the A. burtoni is known to be phenotypically distinct in its use of a completely different form of sensory communication: acoustic communication. Sounds and the corresponding behaviors of the male sex of these particular African cichlids have been studied while observing the female mate preference, and behavioral experiments demonstrated that acoustic information does indeed play a significant role in sexual reproduction. This reliance on non-visual sensory information in order to coordinate complex social behaviors indicates that acoustic signaling is important for the A. burtoni. This suggests that there are internal cues in these cichlid fish that can significantly change the way in which the fish respond to auditory signals because the physiological state of the fish can directly affect the perception of the auditory signals. Thus, more efforts have been made to understand how the females perform sexual selection by closely examining the signaling systems and how they relate to the neural processing in the fish to result in such behaviors.[5]
A particular study showed that dominant males will issue auditory signals in order to court females, and that these courtship sounds are similar to those that they themselves could perceive. The study found that the broadband sounds that the dominant males produced were associated with body quivers, suggesting that the sounds were produced intentionally for courting and not a by-product of the quivers, as not all the quivers were accompanied by sounds. The data also suggested that auditory perception of A. burtoni changes in accordance with the reproductive cycle of the fish. This may be potentially due to levels of circulating hormones.[5] Intra- and inter-sexual social communications in males can also be affected by underwater noise exposure.[17] Noise exposure was even found to change when and how males produced courtship behaviors, such as producing mating calls by quivering inside their spawning shelters instead of near a female. This behavioral change likely decreases the chance of females hearing male mating calls.
Media related to Haplochromis burtoni at Wikimedia Commons
Astatotilapia burtoni is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae.
It is found in Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding waterways, including parts of Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and inland deltas.
Astatotilapia burtoni has been used as a model organism to study the behaviors and physical systems of cichlids, including their development and embryogenesis. Moreover, the phylogenetic position of this particular species makes it an ideal model system for comparative genomic research. A. burtoni belongs under the haplochromines, which is the lineage of cichlids with the most species, and has been discovered to be a sister group to both the Lake Victoria region superflock (which has about 600 species) and the species flock of Lake Malawi (which has about 1,000 species).
Astatotilapia burtoni es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 15 cm de longitud total.[1]
Se encuentran en África Oriental: lago Tanganika y sus afluentes.
Astatotilapia burtoni es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Astatotilapia burtoni Astatotilapia generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.
Astatotilapia burtoni Astatotilapia generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.
Astatotilapia burtoni (Günther, 1894) è un pesce d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Cichlidae ed alla sottofamiglia Pseudocrenilabrinae.
Proviene dal lago Tanganica, nell'Africa orientale[2]. Vive prevalentemente dove l'acqua scorre lenta e non è particolarmente profonda[1].
Il corpo è allungato, compresso ai lati, e raggiunge la lunghezza di 15 cm, anche se solitamente i maschi misurano circa 12 e le femmine 7 cm[2]. La pinna caudale ha il margine arrotondato. La colorazione è piuttosto variabile, ma sono presenti strisce verticali più scure.
Si nutre di insetti, vermi e altri invertebrati[3].
Questi ciclidi sono ovipari e la fecondazione è esterna. Sono inoltre incubatori orali[2].
Questa specie è classificata come "a rischio minimo" (LC) dalla lista rossa IUCN perché è comune nel suo habitat[1].
A volte viene tenuto in acquario, ma può essere aggressivo[4].
Astatotilapia burtoni (Günther, 1894) è un pesce d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Cichlidae ed alla sottofamiglia Pseudocrenilabrinae.
Burtono dryžakis, sin. Astatotilapia burtoni (Haplochromis burtoni) – daugiaspalvių ešeržuvių (Cichlidae) šeimos žuvis.
Patinai iki 12 cm ilgio, bet dažniausiai mažesni, patelės apie 7 cm. Patinai agresyvūs vienas kito atžvilgiu, tačiau pakankamai dideliame akvariume jaunikliai patinai gali būti laikomi kartu. Kelios patelės gali būti laikomos su vienu patinu. Akvariume reikia daugybės vietų slėpimuisi, atviros erdvės plaukiojimui ir smulkiagrūdžio grunto. Augalai turi būti apsaugoti nuo rausiančių patinų. Mėgsta vidutinio kietumo šarmingą vandenį. Temperatūra - 20-25 °C, dauginimosi metu aukštesnė.
Patinai išsirausia dideles duobutes, į kurias vilioja pateles. Išneršusios keletą ikrų patelės surenka juos į burną ir baksnoja į patino analinio peleko gumbelius taip, lyg tai irgi būtų ikrai. Tai skatina pienių išsisksyrimą ir užtikrinamas ikrų apvaisinimas. Mailiui išsiristi gali prireikti daugiau nei savaitės. Po to patelė ima ginti mailių, surinkdama jį į burną gresiant pavojui ir paleisdama jam praėjus.
Paplitęs Tanganikos ežero baseine.
Astatotilapia burtoni is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de cichliden (Cichlidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1894 door Günther.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Gębacz trójbarwny[3], gębacz czarnogardły[4] (Astatotilapia burtoni) – gatunek słodkowodnej ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny pielęgnicowatych (Cichlidae). Hodowana w akwariach[5].
Afryka Wschodnia – jezioro Tanganika, Kiwu i połączone z nimi rzeki. Zasiedla wolno płynące rzeki, ich ujścia oraz płytkie wody jezior[5].
Osiąga przeciętnie 12 cm długości[5]. Żywi się różnorodnym pokarmem[2].
Gębacz trójbarwny, gębacz czarnogardły (Astatotilapia burtoni) – gatunek słodkowodnej ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny pielęgnicowatych (Cichlidae). Hodowana w akwariach.
Haplochromis burtoni é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Burundi, Ruanda, Tanzânia e Zâmbia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: rios, rios intermitentes, pântanos, lagos de água doce, marismas de água doce, marismas intermitentes de água doce e deltas interiores.
Haplochromis burtoni é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Burundi, Ruanda, Tanzânia e Zâmbia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: rios, rios intermitentes, pântanos, lagos de água doce, marismas de água doce, marismas intermitentes de água doce e deltas interiores.
Astatotilapia burtoni là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Loài này có ở Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, và Zambia.
Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông ngòi, sông có nước theo mùa, đầm nước, hồ nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, và vùng đồng bằng nội địa.
Phương tiện liên quan tới Haplochromis burtoni tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Cá hoàng đế này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Astatotilapia burtoni là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Loài này có ở Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, và Zambia.
Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông ngòi, sông có nước theo mùa, đầm nước, hồ nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, và vùng đồng bằng nội địa.
伯氏妊麗魚，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一種，分布於非洲坦干伊喀湖流域，體長可達15公分，棲息在溪流、湖泊，生活習性不明，可作為觀賞魚。此魚會隨著社會階級的改變,而轉換自己的外在容貌,高階級愈鮮艷,相反的低階級較不能夠吸引女性
