dcsimg

Trophic Strategy ( anglais )

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Very abundant in Lake Rukwa but absent from Nyasa basin (Ref. 4967). Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: abundant in sandy streams, abundant on rocky streams, common in standing deep water (Ref. 37065).
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Morphology ( anglais )

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 15
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Migration ( anglais )

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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Diagnostic Description ( anglais )

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Diagnosis: large fang-like teeth overlapping the jaws when the mouth is closed; gill-rakers long, about equal to the length of gill filaments; body generally > 22% of SL (Ref. 28714). 43-53 scales in lateral line; 2 scale rows between lateral line and scaly process at pelvic-fin bases; eye < 70% of interorbital space (Ref. 2880, 81279). Dorsal-fin origin at about same level as pelvic-fin insertions (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279). Gill rakers few (5-9/9-12) but rather long (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279), about equal to the length of gill filaments (Ref. 28714). Tips of adipose and dorsal fins black; forked edge of caudal fin black (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279). Dark caudal fin coloration may also extend unto median caudal rays, forming crescent-shaped blotch (Ref. 80290, 81279). Dark longitudinal streaks present above the lateral line (Ref. 28714).
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Biology ( anglais )

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Prefers warm, well-oxygenated water, mainly larger rivers and lakes; all but the largest form roving schools of like-sized fish; aptly described as fierce and voracious; diet increasingly piscivorous, becoming exclusive fish feeders when above 90-100 mm length; feeds on whatever prey is most abundant but Brycinus, Micralestes, Barbus, and Limnothrissa are favored (Ref. 7248, 52193). Piscivorous, but may also eat Caridina and insects (Ref. 28714). Useful food fish in some areas (Ref. 4967).
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Importance ( anglais )

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fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Tiervis ( afrikaans )

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Die tiervis (Hydrocynus vittatus) is 'n roofvis en 'n varswatervis wat in die Okavango- en Zambeziriviere en ook in riviere in die Laeveld voorkom. Buite Suider-Afrika kom die vis voor in die Kongorivier, Tanganjikameer en ander riviere in Noord- en Wes-Afrika. Die Tiervis is seker een van die bekendste visse in Suider-Afrika en staan in Engels bekend as die Tigerfish. Die vis was voorheen onder die familie Characidae geklassifiseer.

 src=
Spesies van die Hydrocynus-genus; die boonste een is die tiervis.

Voorkoms

Die vis lank en lenig met gepunte vinne en die stertvin is diep gevurk. Die kop is groot met 'n sterk kakebeen met agt groot tande elk wat uit die mond uitsteek. Die jong visse is silwerkleurig. Die volwasse visse is ook silwerkleurig met 'n blou skynsel op die rug. Daar is 'n klomp, swart parallele strepe oor die sye van die vis. Die vinne is geel tot rooi van kleur met 'n swart rand aan die agterkant. Die mannetjies en wyfies lyk dieselfde maar die wyfies word groter as die mannetjies; die wyfies word tot 700 mm lank en die mannetjie slegs 500 mm. Die Zimbabwe hengelrekord is 15,507 kg.

Habitat

Die vis verkies warm water wat baie suurstof bevat hoofsaaklik in groter riviere en mere. Dit het die gewoonte om na die oppervlak te gaan op soek na prooi en word dan soms self die prooi van die visarend. Die vis broei gedurende die somer.

Hengel

Die tiervis is 'n gewilde sportvis en is 'n belangrike kommersiële vis in die Karibadam met meer as 184 ton wat gedurende 1977 gevang is.

Sien ook

Eksterne skakels

Bron

Verwysings

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Tiervis: Brief Summary ( afrikaans )

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Die tiervis (Hydrocynus vittatus) is 'n roofvis en 'n varswatervis wat in die Okavango- en Zambeziriviere en ook in riviere in die Laeveld voorkom. Buite Suider-Afrika kom die vis voor in die Kongorivier, Tanganjikameer en ander riviere in Noord- en Wes-Afrika. Die Tiervis is seker een van die bekendste visse in Suider-Afrika en staan in Engels bekend as die Tigerfish. Die vis was voorheen onder die familie Characidae geklassifiseer.

 src= Spesies van die Hydrocynus-genus; die boonste een is die tiervis.
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Hydrocynus vittatus ( catalan ; valencien )

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Hydrocynus vittatus és una espècie de peix de la família dels alèstids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.

Morfologia

Hàbitat

És un peix d'aigua dolça i de clima tropical (22 °C-28 °C).[6][7]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Àfrica.[6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]

Referències

  1. Cuvier, G., 1816. Le Règne Animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annélides. Edition 1. Règne Animal (ed. 1) v. 2: i-xviii + 1-532, (Pls. 9-10, a v. 4).
  2. BioLib (anglès)
  3. Castelnau, F. L., 1861. Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe. París. Mem. Poiss. Afr. Australe: i-vii + 1-78.
  4. IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registres de pesca IGFA fins al 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Estats Units.
  5. IGFA, 2001.
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 FishBase (anglès)
  7. Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1995. Aquarien Atlas. Band 4. Mergus Verlag GmbH, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Melle, Alemanya. 864 p.
  8. Bailey, R.G., 1994. Guide to the fishes of the River Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. J. Nat. Hist. 28:937-970.
  9. Balon, E.K., 1971. Age and growth of Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau, 1861) in Lake Kariba, Sinazongwe area. Fish. Res. Bull. Zambia 5:89-118.
  10. Balon, E.K., 1974. Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nova Jersey.
  11. Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson i P.H. Skelton, 1982. Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Centaur Publishers, Ciutat del Cap. 88 p.
  12. Eccles, D.H., 1992. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Roma. 145 p.
  13. Gaigher, I.G., 1970. Ecology of the tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) in the Incomati river system, South Africa. Zool. Afr. 5(2):211-227.
  14. Griffith, J.S., 1975. Annulus formation and growth of tiger fish Hydrocynus vittatus in Lake Bangweulu, Zambia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106(2):146-150.
  15. Hay, C.J., B.J. van Zyl, F.H. van der Bank, J.T. Ferreira i G.J. Steyn, 1999. The distribution of freshwater fish in Namibia. Cimbebasia 15:41-63.
  16. Hyslop, E.J., 1991. Ichthyofauna of Mlawula Nature Reserve, Swaziland. Afr. J. Ecol. 29:261-265.
  17. Kenmuir, D.H.S., 1972. Report on a study of the ecology of the tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau in Lake Kariba : Lake Kariba Fisheries Institute. Project Report (6)1:1-99.
  18. Kenmuir, D.H.S., 1973. The ecology of the tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau) in Lake Kariba. Occ. Pap. Natn. Mus. Rhod. (B5)3:115-170.
  19. Lalèyè, P.A., 2006. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fishes from the Ouémé River in Bénin (West Africa). J. Appl. Ichthyolol. 22: 330-333.
  20. Losse, G.F., 1998. Lake Kariba and the Gwembe Valley. p. 22-31. A: G.F.Losse. The small-scale fishery on Lake Kariba in Zambia. Deutsche Gessellscahft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Alemanya, 293 p.
  21. Lévêque, C., D. Paugy i G.G. Teugels, 1991. Annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of the Nilo-sudan river basins, in Africa. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 24(2):131-154.
  22. Lévêque, C.L., 1997. Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. ORSTOM. Cambridge Univ. Press, Gran Bretanya, 438 p.
  23. Merron, G.S. i M.N. Bruton, 1995. Community ecology and conservation of the fishes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Environ. Biol. Fish. 43(2):109-119.
  24. Mhlanga, W., 2000. A study of Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 9(1&2):25-35.
  25. Mhlanga, W., 2003. Food and feeding habits of tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittanus, in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. p. 76-81. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p.
  26. Moreau, J., M.L.D. Palomares, F.S.B. Torres i D. Pauly, 1995. Atlas démographique des populations de poissons d'eau douce d'Afrique. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 45. 140p.
  27. Mosepele, K. i S. Nengu, 2003. Growth, mortality, maturity and length-weight parameters of selected fishes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. p. 67-74. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p.
  28. Munro, J.L., 1967. The food of a community of East African freshwater fishes. J. Zool., Lond. 151: 389-415.
  29. Okeyo, D.O., 2003. On the biodiversity and the distribution of freshwater fish of Namibia: an annotated update. p.156-194. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p.
  30. Okeyo, D.O., 2003. Taxonomy, common names and distribution of fish in the eastern arm of the Rift Valley drainage, Kenya. p. 250-266. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p.
  31. Olaosebikan, B.D. i A. Raji, 1998. Field guide to Nigerian freshwater fishes. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigèria. 106 p.
  32. Oti, E.E., 2003. Studies on the ichthyofauna of Ehoma Floodplain, Afikpo Eastern Nigeria. p. 123-131. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p.
  33. Paugy, D., K. Traoré i P.S. Diouf, 1994. Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p. 35-66. A G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan i J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh- and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 de novembre de 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p.
  34. Poll, M., 1967. Contribution à la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Diamang Publ. Cult., núm. 75:381 p.
  35. Sanyanga, R.A., C. Machena i N. Kautsky, 1995. Abundance and distribution of inshore fish in fished and protected areas in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe Hydrobiologia. 306:67-78
  36. Seegers, L., 1996. The fishes of the Lake Rukwa drainage. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 278:1-407.
  37. Seegers, L., L. De Vos i D.O. Okeyo, 2003. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria). J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 92:11-47.
  38. Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p.
  39. Skelton, P.H., 1994. Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa. p.95-131. A: G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan i J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh- and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 de novembre de 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. 275.
  40. Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy i K. Traoré, 1988. État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237.
  41. Torres, F.S.B. Jr., 1992. Length-weight relationships of Lake Kariba fishes. Naga ICLARM Q. 15(4):42-43.
  42. Trewavas, E. i F.R. Irvine, 1947. Fresh-water fishes. p. 221-282. A: F.R. Irvine (ed.) The fishes and fisheries of the Gold Coast. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, Londres. 352 p.
  43. Van der Waal, B.C.W. i P.H. Skelton, 1984. Check list of fishes of Caprivi. Madoqua 13(4):303-320.
  44. Vivien, J., 1991. Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et des poissons. GICAM. 271 p.


Bibliografia

  • Amaral Campos, A., 1945: Contribuição ao conhecimento das espécies brasileiras do gênero Hydrocynus e afins. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo v. 4 (art. 12): 467-484, 3 unnum. pls.
  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu Americà d'Història Natural. Museu Americà d'Història Natural, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192 (Estats Units).
  • Brewster, B., 1986. A review of the genus Hydrocynus (Cuvier, 1819) (Teleostei: Characiformes). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 50 (núm. 3): 163-206.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Magomna, O., 2003. Noms communs de poissons tchadien en langue Kim. p. 234-242. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p.
  • Paugy, D., 1984. Characidae. p. 140-183. A: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, París i MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1.
  • Paugy, D. i J.-F. Guégan, 1989: Note à propos de trois espèces d'Hydrocynus (Pisces, Characidae) du bassin du Niger suivie de la réhabilitation de l'espèce Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau, 1861). Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 22 (núm. 1): 63-69.
  • Paugy, D., 1990. Characidae. p. 195-236. A: C. Lévêque, D. Paugy i G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tom I. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° XXVIII. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren i O.R.S.T.O.M., París, 384 p.
  • Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
  • Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
  • Skelton, P., 1990. Scientific nomenclature of tigerfish - rehabilitation of Hydrocynus vittatus. Ichthos (26):7.
  • Titiati, E.K., 1970. Some common names of fresh-water fishes of Ghana in Latin, English, Ewe and Ga-adangbe. Manuscript Fisheries Dept., Volta Lake Research Project, 5 p.
  • Tweddle, D., D.S.C. Lewis i N.G. Willoughby, 1979. The nature of the barrier separating the Lake Malawi and Zambezi fish faunas. Ichthyol. Bull. Rhodes Univ. 39:1-9.
  • Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
  • Williams, R., 1972. Relationships between the water levels and the fish catches in Lakes Mweru and Mweru Wa Ntipa, Zambia. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 2(1):21-31.


Enllaços externs

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Hydrocynus vittatus: Brief Summary ( catalan ; valencien )

fourni par wikipedia CA

Hydrocynus vittatus és una espècie de peix de la família dels alèstids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.

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Afrotetra botswanská ( tchèque )

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Afrotetra botswanská nazývaná také binga pruhovaná (Hydrocynus vittatus) je sladkovodní druh dravé ryby z čeledi afrotetrovití (Alestiidae) žijící v Africe. Byly zaznamenány případy, kdy tato ryba vyskakuje z vody a chytá letící vlaštovky obecné (Hirundo rustica).[3]

Popis

Afrotetra botswanské je stříbrně zbarvená ryba s tenkými černými podélnými pruhy. Má protáhlé tělo a červenou rozeklanou ocasní ploutev s černými konci. Čelisti obsahují osm ostrých zubů. Samci jsou větší než samice a dorůstají až 105 centimetrů (samice 74 centimetry). Dožívají se osmi let. [4]

Rozšíření

Vyskytuje se na velkém území Afriky. Konkrétně v povodí řek Niger/Benue, Ouémé, Senegal, Nil, Omo, Kongo, Lufira, Lualaba, Luapula, Zambezi, Limpopo, Ruvuma, Shire, Wami a v jezerech Bangweulu, Tanganika, Rukwa, Moéro, Upemba a Malagarazi. Nalezena byla také v povodí řeky Okavango či Pongola a v přehradních nádržích Kariba a Schroda.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Hydrocynus vittatus na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. Afrotetra botswanská na BioLibu
  3. O'BRIAN, G.C., Jacobs, F., Evans, S. W. & Smit, N. J. First observation of African tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus predating on barn swallows Hirundo rustica in flight. Journal of Fish Biology. 19. prosinec 2013, roč. 84, čís. 1, s. 263–266. (anglicky)
  4. Afrotetra botswanská na Fishbase (anglicky)
Pahýl
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Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.
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Afrotetra botswanská: Brief Summary ( tchèque )

fourni par wikipedia CZ

Afrotetra botswanská nazývaná také binga pruhovaná (Hydrocynus vittatus) je sladkovodní druh dravé ryby z čeledi afrotetrovití (Alestiidae) žijící v Africe. Byly zaznamenány případy, kdy tato ryba vyskakuje z vody a chytá letící vlaštovky obecné (Hirundo rustica).

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Tigersalmler ( allemand )

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 src=
Tigerfisch am Okavango

Der Tigersalmler (Hydrocynus vittatus) ist ein Süßwasserraubfisch aus der Familie der Afrikanischen Salmler (Alestidae). Er kommt in Westafrika in den Flüssen Senegal, Volta, Mono, Ouémé, Niger, Bénoué und im Tschadsee vor, außerdem in Niederguinea im Cross River und Sanaga, sowie im übrigen Afrika im Nil, Omo, Kongo, Lualaba, Lufira, Luapula, Malagarasi, Sambesi, Limpopo, Rovuma, Shire, Rufiji, Ruaha, Wami, Ruvu und Okavango, sowie in den Seen Turkana, Bangweulu, Mweru, Tanganjika, Upemba und Rukwa.

Merkmale

Der Tigersalmler wird maximal 74 (Weibchen) bzw. 105 (Männchen) cm lang, höchstens 28 kg schwer und kann ein Alter von acht Jahren erreichen. Seine Färbung ist gräulich. Jede einzelne Schuppe ist mit einem dunklen Fleck markiert, so dass parallele Längsstreifen auf den Körperseiten entstehen. Von Hydrocynus forskahlii, der ein ähnlich weites Verbreitungsgebiet hat, unterscheidet sich der Tigersalmler durch seinen weniger gestreckten Körper und die schwarzen Spitzen und Ränder an der Innenseite der gegabelten Schwanzflosse und der Fettflosse. Die Rückenflosse sitzt nicht so weit vorne wie bei Hydrocynus forskahlii, etwa auf Höhe der Bauchflossenbasis. Sie wird von 10, die Afterflosse von 15 Flossenstrahlen gestützt.

Zwei Schuppenreihen liegen zwischen der Seitenlinie und der schuppigen Bauchflossenbasis.

Lebensweise

Der Tigersalmler bevorzugt warmes, sauerstoffreiches Wasser. Er kommt in größeren Flüssen und Seen vor und bildet Schwärme gleich großer Fische. Er wird im Allgemeinen als wild und unersättlich beschrieben und ernährt sich opportunistisch von den Beutefischen, die am häufigsten vorkommen, vor allem von Salmlern der Gattungen Brycinus und Micralestes, von Karpfenfischen der Gattung Barbus, im Tanganjikasee vor allem von Tanganjikasee-Sardinen (Limnothrissa miodon). Im Januar 2014 wurde dokumentiert, dass der Tigersalmler niedrig über die Gewässer fliegende Rauchschwalben (Hirundo rustica) im Sprung erbeutet.[1][2]

Literatur

  • Melanie Stiassny, Guy Teugels, Carl D. Hopkins: The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Band 1, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-90-74752-20-6.

Einzelnachweise

  1. G. C. O'Brien, F. Jacobs, S. W. Evans, N. J. Smit: First observation of African tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus predating on barn swallows Hirundo rustica in flight. In: Journal of Fish Biology. Band 84, Ausgabe 1, Januar 2014, S. 263–266. doi:10.1111/jfb.12278
  2. Fish leaps to catch birds on the wing. Tigerfish swallows swallows after grabbing them out of the air over African lake. Video. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14496
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Tigersalmler: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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 src= Tigerfisch am Okavango

Der Tigersalmler (Hydrocynus vittatus) ist ein Süßwasserraubfisch aus der Familie der Afrikanischen Salmler (Alestidae). Er kommt in Westafrika in den Flüssen Senegal, Volta, Mono, Ouémé, Niger, Bénoué und im Tschadsee vor, außerdem in Niederguinea im Cross River und Sanaga, sowie im übrigen Afrika im Nil, Omo, Kongo, Lualaba, Lufira, Luapula, Malagarasi, Sambesi, Limpopo, Rovuma, Shire, Rufiji, Ruaha, Wami, Ruvu und Okavango, sowie in den Seen Turkana, Bangweulu, Mweru, Tanganjika, Upemba und Rukwa.

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Hydrocynus vittatus ( anglais )

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Hydrocynus vittatus, the African tigerfish, tiervis or ngwesh[3] is a predatory freshwater fish distributed throughout much of Africa. This fish is generally a piscivore but it has been observed leaping out of the water and catching barn swallows in flight.[4][5]

Appearance

The African tigerfish is overall silvery in colour, with thin black stripes running horizontally. It has an elongated body and a red, forked caudal fin with a black edge. Its head is large, as well as its teeth, of which there are eight per jaw. The teeth are sharp and conical which are used to grasp and chop prey.[6] They are able to replace their teeth simultaneously on the upper and lower jaws.[7] Males are larger and more full-bodied than females.[6] It grows to a length of 105 centimetres (41 in) SL.[3]

Distribution

This species' distribution covers the Niger/Bénoué, Ouémé River, Senegal River, Nile, Omo River, Congo River, Lufira, Lualaba River, Luapula, Zambezi, Limpopo River, Rovuma, Shire River and Wami River; as well as Lakes - Lake Bangweulu, Mweru, Tanganyika, Upemba, Rukwa and Malagarazi. It is also found in the Okavango Basin and lower reaches of coastal systems south to the Pongola River and in man-made Lake Kariba, Lake Jozini and Schroda Dam.[3]

Ecological significance

Tigerfish are an important food and income source for locals. Not only do they provide a natural source of protein, the presence of the fish also promotes tourism through recreational and sport fishing. As a result of their ecological and economic importance, African tigerfish have been extensively studied by conservation groups and university researchers.[7]

Habitat and ecology

African tigerfish mainly live near the bottom of the large freshwater rivers and lakes they inhabit.[1] During the day they tend to be found closer to the surface and then move towards the bottom at night.[7] They thrive in highly oxygenated water in warm climates.[1]

Population and conservation status

A small specimen from the upper Zambezi, near Livingstone
Mature specimen at Bojnice Zoo, Slovakia

This species is common and widespread over most of its range. In the most studied population, that of Lake Kariba on the Middle Zambezi River, the population fluctuated markedly, apparently in direct relation to the abundance of the introduced clupeid Limnothrissa miodon which forms a major part of its diet. There is a commercial fishery in Lake Rukwa, where it forms about 3.9% of the yield.

Hydrocynus vittatus have declined in some river systems in southern Africa as a result of pollution, water abstraction and obstructions by dams and weirs that prevent migration. It is locally threatened by unregulated gillnet fisheries and has been placed on the South African protected species list. In east Africa, threats to populations include overfishing, reductions in water quality due to agricultural activities and deforestation, and pesticide pollution.[1] According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, tigerfish are of least concern with a wide distribution but are protected in some reserves.[7]

Behaviour

Smaller African tigerfish can be found roaming the waters in schools containing similar sized fish. Larger African tigerfish tend to live and hunt alone.[1] The breeding habits of this fish are somewhat elusive[7] but it is thought that breeding may take place over a couple of days during December or January. The timing depends on when the rivers and streams begin to swell due to the start of the rainy season. Females will lay their eggs in submerged vegetation in shallow water close to the shore.[1] Hatchling African tigerfish will remain in the safety of the vegetation until the water levels become low enough to force them further into the water.[1] These fish may migrate up to 100 km within the stream or river they inhabit.[8]

Feeding behaviour

These fish are fierce hunters and are mostly piscivorous and tend to eat whatever fish is most available. Smaller fish will hunt in large schools while larger African tigerfish hunt alone. Favoured prey fish include cichlids, gobies, carp, and clariid catfish. Insects and zooplankton may also be part of the African tigerfish's diet, especially during juvenile stages of life.[1][7]

A highly unusual feeding behavior has been confirmed in the Schroda Dam population of Hydrocynus vittatus. The fish jump out of the water and catch barn swallows Hirundo rustica on the wing as they fly near the surface of the lake feeding on insects. This behaviour was speculated previously but this was the first time it had been observed during a specific research project. The researchers observed an average success rate of 25% for predation attempts, with as many as twenty birds caught per day over a relatively small lake (4.1 x 106 m³). African tigerfish were observed to pursue the birds from the surface further below the water. The depth of pursuit will affect the fish's perception of the bird due to light refraction in the water. It is thought that these tigerfish will pursue the bird at a depth that allows the individual to perceive the birds the easiest. This is the only documented instance of a freshwater fish exhibiting this particular behavior.[4][5] Other freshwater fish have been observed catching birds that are swimming or floating on the water, but not catching them mid-flight.[4][5]

Pet trade

Due to its ferocious appearance, people may be tempted to keep the African tigerfish as a pet. However, this is generally not recommended and should only be attempted by those with advanced skills in keeping freshwater aquariums.[6] These fish can get extremely large and require at least a 2,400 L (530 imp gal; 630 US gal) tank.[6][9] They do not get along well with any fish smaller than them (even of their own species) since smaller fish make up a majority of their diet.[6] As they grow larger, these fish can become very difficult to handle. This is especially true because of their aggressive nature and sharp teeth.[9] Anyone set on having one needs to check the local wildlife laws to determine if import of this fish is legal. It is illegal to import this species into Texas, Utah, and Florida.[10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Azeroual, A.; Cambray, J.; Getahun, A.; Hanssens, M.; Marshall, B.; Moelants, T.; Tweddle, D. (2019). "Hydrocynus vittatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T181744A84240374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T181744A84240374.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Synonyms of Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861". Fishbase. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Hydrocynus vittatus" in FishBase. December 2013 version.
  4. ^ a b c O'Brian, G.C.; Jacobs, F.; Evans, S. W.; Smit, N. J. (2013). "First observation of African tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus preying on barn swallows Hirundo rustica in flight". Journal of Fish Biology. 84 (1): 263–266. doi:10.1111/jfb.12278. PMID 24354922. Includes a video.
  5. ^ a b c Ella Davies (13 January 2014). "African tigerfish catch swallows in flight". Nature News. BBC. Retrieved 13 January 2014. Includes a video.
  6. ^ a b c d e African Tiger Fish, Animal-World Pet and Animal Information
  7. ^ a b c d e f Smit, N.J.; Wepener, V.; Vlok, W.; Wagenaar, G.M. (Jan 2013). "Conservation of tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus, in the Kruger National Park with the emphasis on establishing the suitability of the water quantity and quality requirements for the Olifants and Luvuvhu rivers". Water Research Commission.
  8. ^ Hydrocynus vittatus, Encyclopedia of Life
  9. ^ a b "Hydrocynus vittatus". Seriously Fish.
  10. ^ Tropical Fish Keeping
  11. ^ African Tiger Fish Hydrocynus vittatus, Live Aquaria

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Hydrocynus vittatus: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Hydrocynus vittatus, the African tigerfish, tiervis or ngwesh is a predatory freshwater fish distributed throughout much of Africa. This fish is generally a piscivore but it has been observed leaping out of the water and catching barn swallows in flight.

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Hydrocynus vittatus ( espagnol ; castillan )

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El pez tigre (Hydrocynus vittatus) es una especie de peces de la familia Alestiidae en el orden de los Characiformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 105 cm de longitud total[1]​ y las hembras 70.

  • Peso máximo: 15 kg.[2][3]

Hábitat

Es un pez de agua dulce y de clima tropical (22 °C-28 °C). Actualmente se le encuentra en cautiverio desde hace unos 10 a 15 años.

Al pez tigre le gustan las aguas turbulentas, donde los peces que son menos poderosos nadadores luchan contra la corriente, haciéndolos vulnerables a los ataques. Tiene una vista excelente y la capacidad de detectar vibraciones de baja frecuencia emitidas por la presa. Por lo general, nadan alrededor de la presa en grupos antes de golpear con la brutalidad de una piraña. Recientemente se ha descubierto que también comen aves, las cazan cuando estas vuelan cerca del agua. Sus cardúmenes pueden ser de hasta 50 peces todos del mismo tamaño, pero los peces más grandes normalmente cazan solos.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentran en África. Habitan en el río Congo en su mayoría.

Apariencia y curiosidades

Nativo de la cuenca del río Congo, del río Lualaba, el lago Upemba y el lago Tanganica en África, es el mayor miembro de la familia pez tigre, un género de depredadores feroces, con dientes afilados como cuchillos. El más grande documentado era de casi 5 pies (un metro y medio) de largo y pesaba 154 libras, el equivalente a un boxeador superwélter. Y supera a otros peces africanos en velocidad y fuerza.

Los lugareños dicen que es el único pez que no le teme al cocodrilo y que en realidad se come a los más pequeños. También se sabe que en raras ocasiones atacan a los humanos. Es tan rápido y contundente como el rayo, y no sólo pican en el anzuelo del pescador, sino que a veces se apropian de su cabeza. No es extraño que un promotor de safaris de pesca requiera a los clientes leer un tratado de precaución sobre el pez Goliat antes de aceptar un viaje de pesca.

El pez tigre tiene una espalda de color verde oliva y un vientre plateado. Pero si ves uno, lo que sin duda más llamará tu atención es su boca de 32 dientes como navajas irregulares. Cada diente puede ser de hasta una pulgada de largo. Los dientes del Goliat se fijan en el borde de la mandíbula, ya que el monstruo tiene apenas labios. Y cuando los dientes caen sobre sus presas, efectúan un corte limpio, casi quirúrgico. Estos atributos, junto con su físico musculoso, hacen del Goliat una máquina perfecta.

El aventurero y pescador británico Jeremy Wade se encontró durante una expedición de pesca por el río Congo en África, con el pez tigre Goliat. Utilizó a un bagre grande como cebo, una barra de 200 libras y un sedal. Además tomó una distancia considerable para su seguridad.

"Tuve un cuidado especial al agarrar este ejemplar, que pesaba más de 100 libras y medía 5 pies de largo. Este pez es una piraña gigante. Es bastante bestia."

"Los dientes son muy afilados y tienen la misma longitud que los de un gran tiburón blanco. También tiene una mordida muy potente y se sabe que consumen presas del mismo tamaño, personas y cocodrilos."

"Se cree que los ataques de estos peces son en respuesta a un movimiento brusco o salpicaduras."

"Es muy raro pescar uno, especialmente por un extraño, ya que se encuentran en una ubicación tan remota y de difícil acceso. No existen guías o casas de campo en esa parte del río Congo."

"Es un pez muy peligroso de manejar. Si usted no tiene cuidado podría tomar fácilmente el dedo o peor."[4]

Peligro para los humanos

A estos peces se los considera de los mas peligrosos de África debido a su agresividad y se recomienda si se pesca uno, tener especial cuidado con sus dientes.

Se sabe que estos peces han sido acusados de algunas muertes en el río Okavango. En un caso investigado por el pescador Jeremy Wade, se determino que estos peces fueron culpables de matar a 7 personas luego de que su canoa se volcara por el sobrepeso. Se cree que la razón del ataque fue que los peces estaban en un frenesí alimenticio y cuando uno lanzó una mordida, los demás reaccionaron y en consecuencia atacaron.

Referencias

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Hydrocynus vittatus: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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El pez tigre (Hydrocynus vittatus) es una especie de peces de la familia Alestiidae en el orden de los Characiformes.

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Hydrocynus vittatus ( basque )

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Hydrocynus vittatus Hydrocynus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Alestidae familian.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez) FishBase

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Hydrocynus vittatus: Brief Summary ( basque )

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Hydrocynus vittatus Hydrocynus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Alestidae familian.

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Linjatiikeritetra ( finnois )

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Linjatiikeritetra[2] (Hydrocynus vittatus) on tetrakaloihin kuuluva kala, joka on levinnyt laajalle alueelle Saharan eteläpuolisen Afrikan suuriin jokiin ja järviin. Lajin yksilöt ovat hopeisen värisiä, ja niiden suussa on 16 terävää hammasta. Koiraat ovat noin 50 senttimetrin ja naaraat jopa 70 senttimetrin mittaisia. Linjatiikeritetralle kelpaa ravinnoksi mikä tahansa saatavissa oleva kala.

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Linjatiikeritetranaaraat ja -koiraat ovat samannäköisiä, mutta naaraat kasvavat jopa yli 70 senttimetriä pitkiksi, kun koiraat jäävät noin 50-senttisiksi. Suurin kalastettu yksilö on ollut 15,5 kilogramman painoinen. Kalan vartalo on sukkulamainen. Sen evät ovat teräväkärkiset ja peräevä selvästi haarukkamainen. Pää on iso, ja kummassakin vahvassa leuassa on kahdeksan ulkonevaa ja terävää hammasta.[3]

Nuoret linjatiikeritetrat ovat hopeisia, ja vartalon pitkittäiset juovat alkavat näkyä noin 50 millimetriä pitkillä kaloilla. Täyskasvuisetkin yksilöt ovat hopeisia, mutta niiden selät ovat sinertävän kiiltäviä ja niiden kyljissä on mustia juovia. Rasvaevä on musta, ja perävän väritys vaihtelee keltaisesta verenpunaiseen. Myös muut evät ovat kelta-punaisia.[3]

Levinneisyysalue ja elinympäristö

Linjatiikeritetra elää makeissa vesissä suurimmassa osassa Saharan eteläpuolista Afrikkaa. Länsi- ja Keski-Afrikassa sitä tavataan Senegal-, Ouémé-, Niger-, Cross-, Sanaga- ja Kongojokien vesistöissä sekä Tšadjärven valuma-alueella. Koillisesta Afrikasta lajia on tavattu Valkoisesta-Niilistä ja Sinisestä-Niilistä sekä Niilistä aina Nasserjärvelle asti. Itä-Afrikassa linjatiikeritetra elää Tanganjikajärvessä ja sen merkittävimmissä laskujoissa, Albertjärvessä, Turkanajärvessä, Rukwajärvessä, Rufigi- ja Ruahajoissa sekä Shirejoen alajuoksulla. Eteläisessä Afrikassa lajia esiintyy Sambesin, Okavangon, Saven, Limpopon ja Pongolan valuma-alueilla (ei kuitenkaan Sambesin sivujoessa Kafuessa eikä Malawijärvessä).[1]

Linjatiikeritetra suosii lämpimiä ja hapekkaita vesiä, ja se elää pääasiassa suurissa joissa ja järvissä.[1]

Käyttäytyminen

Linjatiikeritetra saalistaa mitä tahansa kaloja, joita on saatavilla. Sen pääsaaliskaloja ovat Brycinus-, Micralestes-, Barbus- ja Limnothrissa-sukujen kalat. Lisääntyminen tapahtuu yleensä joka vuosi muutamien päivien aikana yleensä joulu-tammikuussa, kun sateet ovat kasvattaneet jokien virtausta. Linjatiikeritetrat vaeltavat lisääntymisaikana jokien yläjuoksuille ja pienempiin virtoihin, joissa naaras laskee suuren määrän munia matalassa vedessä ruohon korsien tai muiden veden alla olevien kasvien joukkoon. Nuoret yksilöt elävät kasvillisuuden suojissa, kunnes tulvavesi pakottaa ne sieltä pois.[1]

Lähteet

  • Skelton, Paul: A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 2001. ISBN 1-86872-643-6. Google-kirjat (viitattu 26.10.2014). (englanniksi)

Viitteet

  1. a b c d Azeroual, A. & Bills, R. & Cambray, J. & Getahun, A. & Hanssens, M. & Marshall, B. & Moelants, T. & Tweddle, D.: Hydrocynus vittatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. 2010. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 15.10.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Hydrocynus vittatus (peilipalvelin) FishBase. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (toim.). Viitattu 23.12.2014. (englanniksi)
  3. a b Skelton, s. 206.
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Linjatiikeritetra: Brief Summary ( finnois )

fourni par wikipedia FI

Linjatiikeritetra (Hydrocynus vittatus) on tetrakaloihin kuuluva kala, joka on levinnyt laajalle alueelle Saharan eteläpuolisen Afrikan suuriin jokiin ja järviin. Lajin yksilöt ovat hopeisen värisiä, ja niiden suussa on 16 terävää hammasta. Koiraat ovat noin 50 senttimetrin ja naaraat jopa 70 senttimetrin mittaisia. Linjatiikeritetralle kelpaa ravinnoksi mikä tahansa saatavissa oleva kala.

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Hydrocynus vittatus ( italien )

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Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861, conosciuto comunemente come Pesce tigre, è un pesce d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Alestidae[2].

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa in Africa occidentale, nei bacini idrografici dei fiumi Bénoué, Ouémé, Senegal, Niger, Volta e il lago Ciad. Diffuso anche nei fiumi Nilo, Zambesi, Limpopo, Okavango e nei laghi Tanganica e Alberto, dove predilige acque aperte e ben ossigenate.

Descrizione

 src=
Particolare della dentatura

Presenta un corpo allungato, idrodinamico e compresso ai fianchi. La testa è allungata, gli occhi sono grandi, la bocca è ampia con mascelle provviste di denti appuntiti di varie dimensioni. Le pinne sono triangolari ed appuntite, la pinna caudale fortemente bilobata. La livrea presenta testa verde oliva, con corpo grigio argenteo e dorso verdastro: le scaglie presentano poi piccole macchie nere formanti numerose linee orizzontali brune. Le pinne sono trasparenti, tendenti al grigio, con aree gialle e rosse; la caudale ha il lobo superiore giallo e quello inferiore rosso, ed è orlata di nero.
Il dimorfismo sessuale è evidente nelle dimensioni: il maschio raggiunge una lunghezza massima di 107 cm per 28 kg di peso, la femmina si attesta poco sopra i 70 cm.

Alimentazione

Predatore, si nutre di pesci con predilezione per i generi Brycinus, Micralestes, Barbus, e Limnothrissa.

Pesca

H. vittatus è pescato per il commercio locale delle sue carni e per la pesca sportiva.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Azeroual, A., Bills, R., Cambray, J., Getahun, A., Hanssens, M., Marshall, B., Moelants, T. & Tweddle, D., Hydrocynus vittatus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Hydrocynus vittatus , su FishBase. URL consultato il 17 marzo 2020.

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Hydrocynus vittatus: Brief Summary ( italien )

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Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861, conosciuto comunemente come Pesce tigre, è un pesce d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Alestidae.

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Tijgervis ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Vissen

De tijgervis (Hydrocynus vittatus) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de Afrikaanse karperzalmen (Alestidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1861 door Castelnau.

Kenmerken

Het slanke lichaam van deze roofvis is zilverig met donkere lengtestrepen. Hij heeft een diepgevorkte, zwartgerande staartvin, grote ogen en een bek met vlijmscherpe tanden. De buikvinnen bevinden zich recht onder de rugvin en de vetvin heeft een donkere top. De lichaamslengte bedraagt 100 cm en het gewicht tot 18 kg.

Leefwijze

De prooien, die vaak half zo groot zijn als hijzelf, worden in zijn geheel verzwolgen, met de kop vooruit. Ze hebben eigenlijk geen natuurlijke vijanden, uitgezonderd de mens en de Afrikaanse zeearend.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt in het wild alleen voor in Afrika.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Hydrocynus vittatus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 02 2013 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2013.
  • David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
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Tijgervis: Brief Summary ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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De tijgervis (Hydrocynus vittatus) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de Afrikaanse karperzalmen (Alestidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1861 door Castelnau.

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Tigerfisk ( suédois )

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Tigerfisk (Hydrocynus vittatus) är en sötvattensfisk från fiskfamiljen (Alestidae) som lever i sjöar och floder i centrala Afrika. Tigerfisken har silvrig dräkt med svarta ränder. Bröst och svansfenor har ljusa orangefärgade prickar. Munnen är försedd med triangulära spetsiga tänder. Hanarna kan nå en längd på 105 cm och honorna en längd på 70 cm. De når vanligtvis en vikt på 15 kg men kan väga uppemot 30 kg.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ Hydrocynus vittatus[död länk], Universitet Kiel (tyska)
Mört, Nordisk familjebok.png Denna fiskrelaterade artikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Tigerfisk: Brief Summary ( suédois )

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Tigerfisk (Hydrocynus vittatus) är en sötvattensfisk från fiskfamiljen (Alestidae) som lever i sjöar och floder i centrala Afrika. Tigerfisken har silvrig dräkt med svarta ränder. Bröst och svansfenor har ljusa orangefärgade prickar. Munnen är försedd med triangulära spetsiga tänder. Hanarna kan nå en längd på 105 cm och honorna en längd på 70 cm. De når vanligtvis en vikt på 15 kg men kan väga uppemot 30 kg.

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Обыкновенная тигровая рыба ( russe )

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Не следует путать с большая тигровая рыба.
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Костнопузырные
Серия: Отофизы
Подсерия: Characiphysi Fink et Fink, 1981
Подотряд: Хараксовидные
Надсемейство: Алестоподобные (Alestioidea Hoedeman, 1951)
Семейство: Африканские тетры
Вид: Обыкновенная тигровая рыба
Международное научное название

Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861

Синонимы
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ITIS 639847NCBI 304021EOL 206410

Обыкновенная тигровая рыба[2] (лат. Hydrocynus vittatus), в Конго её называют мбамба — вид хищных лучепёрых рыб из семейства африканских тетр отряда харацинообразных. Достигает в длину до 105 см и веса до 28 кг[3]. Тело покрыто циклоидной чешуей. Обладает крупными клыковидными хватательными зубами. Созревание наступает в 8-летнем возрасте. Предпочитает теплую, богатую кислородом воду больших рек и озёр.

Ареал

Обитает в реках и озёрах Африки южнее Сахары: в бассейнах рек Конго, Кросс, Санага, Малагараси, Нил (до озера Нассер), Белый и Голубой Нил, Замбези, Окаванго, Лимпопо, Нигер, Омо, Сенегал и других. Встречается в озёрах Танганьика, Альберт, Туркана, Руква, Чад, Кариба и реках в них впадающих.

Питание

Во время сухого сезона вследствие недостатка корма отмечены случаи каннибализма. Также тигровая рыба способна питаться птицами, глиссирующими над водой[4].

Значение для природы и человека

В Африке фактически играет ту же роль, что и пираньи в Южной Америке, хотя в значительном родстве эти рыбы не состоят (принадлежат к разным подсемействам семейства Харациновых). Она может быть опасна для купающихся или вошедших в воду людей, её зубы способны нанести глубокие раны. Является объектом любительского рыболовства.

На канале Discovery Channel в передаче Речные монстры с Джереми Уэйдом (Эпизод 4, Второй сезон), про эту рыбу снята серия «Рыба-Демон».

См. также

Примечания

  1. FishBase: Synonyms of Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, 1861
  2. Жизнь животных. Том 4. Ланцетники. Круглоротые. Хрящевые рыбы. Костные рыбы / под ред. Т. С. Раса, гл. ред. В. Е. Соколов. — 2-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 1983. — С. 220. — 575 с.
  3. FishBase: Hydrocynus vittatus
  4. Daniel Cressey. Video: Fish leaps to catch birds on the wing (англ.). Nature (9 January 2014). Проверено 14 января 2014.
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Обыкновенная тигровая рыба: Brief Summary ( russe )

fourni par wikipedia русскую Википедию

Обыкновенная тигровая рыба (лат. Hydrocynus vittatus), в Конго её называют мбамба — вид хищных лучепёрых рыб из семейства африканских тетр отряда харацинообразных. Достигает в длину до 105 см и веса до 28 кг. Тело покрыто циклоидной чешуей. Обладает крупными клыковидными хватательными зубами. Созревание наступает в 8-летнем возрасте. Предпочитает теплую, богатую кислородом воду больших рек и озёр.

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飾紋狗脂鯉 ( chinois )

fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Hydrocynus vittatus
Castelnau, 1861

飾紋狗脂鯉狗脂鯉屬的其中一,為熱帶淡水魚,廣泛分布於非洲各淡水流域,體長可達105公分,棲息在溫暖、含氧量高的溪流及湖泊,成群活動,會做季節性洄游,屬肉食性,以魚類等為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚及觀賞魚,水族市面稱為黃金猛魚

飾紋狗脂鯉於幼體時期,性格膽小且神經質,稍受驚嚇即於魚缸中四處亂竄,固常可見其口吻部分有碰撞傷,嚴重時會造成永久性傷害,影響欣賞價值。

在飼養上,飼主也應注意與飾紋狗脂鯉之混養對象,領域性較強與性格兇猛的魚種並不適合與飾紋狗脂鯉之幼體做混合飼養,以免造成不必要的傷害。

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飾紋狗脂鯉: Brief Summary ( chinois )

fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科

飾紋狗脂鯉為狗脂鯉屬的其中一,為熱帶淡水魚,廣泛分布於非洲各淡水流域,體長可達105公分,棲息在溫暖、含氧量高的溪流及湖泊,成群活動,會做季節性洄游,屬肉食性,以魚類等為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚及觀賞魚,水族市面稱為黃金猛魚

飾紋狗脂鯉於幼體時期,性格膽小且神經質,稍受驚嚇即於魚缸中四處亂竄,固常可見其口吻部分有碰撞傷,嚴重時會造成永久性傷害,影響欣賞價值。

在飼養上,飼主也應注意與飾紋狗脂鯉之混養對象,領域性較強與性格兇猛的魚種並不適合與飾紋狗脂鯉之幼體做混合飼養,以免造成不必要的傷害。

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