Diseases and Parasites
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Euclinostomum Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Genarchopsis Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Genarchopsis Infestation 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Genarchopsis Infestation 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Pallisentis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Palaeorchis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Allocreadium Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Phyllodistomum Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Ascaridia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Pallisentis Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Genarchopsis Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Neopecoelina Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Neopecoelina Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Philopinna Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Pallisentis Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Anchistrocephalus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Neocamallanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Pallisentis Infestation 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Camallanus Infection 11. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Isoparorchis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Ascaris Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Euclinostomum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Procamallanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Anchor worm Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Trophic Strategy
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anglais
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Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549).
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Diseases and Parasites
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Eucreadium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Migration
(
anglais
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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Life Cycle
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anglais
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Spawning usually takes place at night in shallow water with a silty substrate. Eggs are laid in nests through elaborate tunnels in vegetated areas which look like vertical columns of water with the eggs floating in the center (Ref. 205). The male and female move towards the center of the nest during spawning where the male entwines his body to the female moving upward while releasing the eggs to be fertilised (Ref. 45309). Eggs are guarded by one or both parents. Hatching takes place in a day (Ref. 6028).
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Biology
(
anglais
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Found in ponds, swamps, brackish water (Ref. 6028), ditches and beels (Ref. 1479). Adults prefer stagnant waters in muddy streams (Ref. 4833). Feed on worms, insects and small fish (Ref. 6028). Accept chopped fish and shrimp in the aquarium. Breed throughout the year. Mitochondrial hypertrophy, noted in the double cone of the retina of this species, is considered a basic process in oil droplet formation (Ref. 10557) believed to be an adaptation for enhanced visual contrast detection in turbid waters (Ref. 10407). Used as live bait for angling larger snakeheads.
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Importance
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fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial; bait: occasionally
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Channa punctata
(
catalan ; valencien
)
fourni par wikipedia CA
Channa punctata és una espècie de peix de la família dels cànnids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[10] És inofensiu per als humans i emprat com a esquer viu per a la pesca esportiva de cànnids més grossos.[11]
Morfologia
El cos, allargat i arrodonit, fa 31 cm de llargària màxima[12] (encara que la seua mida normal és de 15)[13] i la seua coloració varia des del negre fins al verd clar al dors i els flancs. De vegades, té taques negres al cos i a les aletes dorsal, anal i caudal, les quals són de color gris fosc (de vegades, amb la vora vermellosa), mentre que les pelvianes i les pectorals són taronja clar. Durant l'època de reproducció, el ventre dels mascles i de les femelles esdevé de color groc fosc fins a la línia lateral i amb molts petits melanòfors a la zona ventral dels mascles (taques negres en el cas de les femelles).[14] Boca grossa i amb 3-6 dents canines a la mandíbula inferior. 4-5 escates entre l'òrbita ocular i l'angle del preopercle. 12-13 escates predorsals. Les aletes pelvianes fan més de la meitat de la longitud de les pectorals i s'estenen fins a l'aleta anal. Aletes pectorals sense franges verticals i amb 15-16 radis, els quals fan un 75% de la llargada de la susdita aleta. 28-37 radis a l'aleta anal i 28-32 (rarament 33) a la dorsal. Aleta caudal arrodonida. Hom creu que localitza el menjar per l'olor, ja que té òrgans olfactius ben desenvolupats als sacs nasals i el paladar, els quals s'estenen fins a l'esòfag.[15][16] La seua hipertròfia mitocondrial (present en el doble con de la retina dels ulls) podria ésser una adaptació per millorar la seua visió en aigües tèrboles.[17][18] Pot viure indefinidament sense pujar a la superfície si l'aigua on viu està ben oxigenada (6 ml/L o més), però mor en el termini de 2-3 hores si el nivell d'oxigen arriba a 2,79 ml/L i no pot accedir a la superfície.[19][14][20][21][11]
Ecologia
És un peix d'aigua dolça i salabrosa, bentopelàgic, potamòdrom[22] i de clima temperat (com ara, les poblacions del riu Kabul a l'Afganistan) i tropical (34°N-7°N; 22 °C-28 °C[23] de temperatura i fins als 1.830 m d'altitud),[14] el qual viu a Àsia: els estanys, pantans, aigües salobres,[13] rases, arrossars, canals de reg[24] i, en el cas dels adults, aigües estancades de rierols fangosos[12] de l'Afganistan,[25] Pakistan,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] l'Índia,[12][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Sri Lanka,[13][61][62] el Nepal,[63][64][65] Bangladesh,[66][67][68][69][70] Birmània[71][72][73] i Yunnan (la Xina),[74] incloent-hi les conques dels rius Kabul, Indus, Ganges i Brahmaputra. Ha estat introduït a la badia Delagoa (el sud de Moçambic).[75][76][5][11][77][78]
En estat silvestre, menja peixets, cucs i insectes,[13] mentre que en captivitat, accepta gambetes i peix esmicolat.[11][79] Els juvenils es nodreixen principalment de zooplàncton, rotífers, insectes i larves de crustacis, mentre que els adults consumeixen peixos, gastròpodes,[80] insectes i vegetació aquàtica[81] (aquesta darrera, probablement, ingerida en el procés de captura de les preses animals). El canibalisme hi és rar.[14]
Assoleix la maduresa sexual al voltant d'un any de vida,[14] és bastant prolífic (entre 2.300 i 29.600 ous per posta)[14][82] i la reproducció té lloc durant tot l'any amb un període de màxima intensitat situat abans i durant els mesos del monsó.[77][11][83][84] Construeix nius i els progenitors protegeixen els ous (d'un diàmetre lleugerament inferior a 0,5 mm i pelàgics)[14] i les larves: la femella és responsable dels alevins, mentre que el mascle s'encarrega de custodiar el territori de la posta.[82][81] En captivitat, els pares han d'estar ben alimentats perquè, altrament, podrien devorar llurs cries.[82]
Referències
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↑ uBio (anglès)
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↑ Scopoli J. A., 1777.. Praga. Introd. Hist. Nat.. i-x + 1-506. «Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae».
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↑ uBio (anglès)
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↑ Bloch, M. E., Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische, v. 7: 1793. i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360.
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↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 [ Catalogue of Life] (anglès)
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↑ uBio (anglès)
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↑ Günther, A., Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. 3. Gobiidae, Discoboli, Pediculati, Blenniidae, Labyrinthici, Mugilidae, Notacanthi. Londres. 1861. Cat. Fishes v. 3: i-xxv + 1-586 + i-x.
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↑ McClelland, J., 1842. On the fresh-water fishes collected by William Griffith, Esq., F. L. S. Madras Medical Service, during his travels under the orders of the Supreme Government of India, from 1835 to 1842. Calcutta Journal of Natural History, v. 2 (núm. 8): 560-589, Pls. 15, 18, 20, 21.
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↑ Hamilton, F., An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable and Company, Edimburg i Londres 1822: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39.
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↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
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↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 FishBase (anglès)
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↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Talwar, P. K. i A. G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volum 2. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
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↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 362 p.
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↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 14,5 14,6 Courtenay, W. R., Jr. i J. D. Williams, 2004. Circular, U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, núm. 1251: i-v + 1-143. «Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) -- a biological synopsis and risk assessment».
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↑ Wee, Kok Leong, 1982. Snakeheads—Their biology and culture. A: Muir, J. F. i Roberts, R.J., eds. Recent advances in aquaculture: Boulder (Colorado), Westview Press, p. 180-213.
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↑ Panday, J.P. i Dwivedi, A.S., 1974. Studies of morphology and physiology of olfactory organs in a murrel Channa punctatus (Bloch): Indian Journal of Zootomy, v. 14, núm. 1, p. 59-66.
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↑ Narayanan, K. i A. A. Khan, 1995. Electron microscopic studies on the retinal photoreceptors of the spotted snakedhead, Channa punctatus. J. Fish Biol. 46:541-544.
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↑ Anctil, M. i M. A. Ali, 1976. Cone droplets of mitochondrial origin in the retina of Fundulus heteroclitus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). Zoomorphology 84:103-111.
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↑ Pandey, B. N. i Chanchal, A. K., 1977. Minimum level of oxygen in water for fish survival without air breathing: Bangladore, l'Índia, Current Science, v. 46, núm. 18, p. 653-654.
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↑ Qasim, S. Z. i V. S. Bhatt, 1966. The growth of the freshwater murrel, Ophicephalus punctatus (Bloch). Hydrobiologia 36:165-177.
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↑ Bardach, J. E., Ryther, J. H. i McLarney, W. O., 1972. Aquaculture: The farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine organisms: Wiley, Nova York, Interscience, 868 p.
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↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
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↑ Baensch, H. A. i R. Riehl, 1991. Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Alemanya. 1104 p.
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↑ Kumar, C. R. A. i Mittal, D. D., 1993. Habitat preference of fishes in wetlands in relation to aquatic vegetation and water chemistry: Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, v. 90, núm. 2, p. 181-192.
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↑ Coad, B. W., 1981. Fishes of Afghanistan, an annotated check-list. Publ. Zool. Natl. Mus. Can. 14:23p.
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↑ Akhtar, N., 1991. Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Cold water fisheries development interim report. Report for Project PAK/88/048. FAO, Roma. 25 p.
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↑ Ali, S. R., M. Ahmad, M. A. S. Ansari i M. R. Mirza, 1980. Hydrobiological studies of the Indus river and its tributaries above and below Tarbela dam. Pakistan J. Sci. Studies 2(1+2):15-30.
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↑ Mirza, M. R., 2002. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, el Pakistan.
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↑ Mirza, M. R., 2003. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. (3): 1-30.
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↑ Rafique, M., 2000. Fish diversity and distribution in Indus River and its drainage system. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, v. 32 (núm. 4): 321-332.
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↑ Rafique, M., S. Akhtar i M. H. K. Niazi, 2003. Fish fauna of Jinnah Barrage and adjoining areas. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, v. 35 (núm. 2): 95-98.
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↑ List of Freshwater Fishes for Pakistan (anglès)
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↑ Archarya, P. i M.B. Iftekhar, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofauna of Maharashtra State. P.136-144. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., Índia. 1, 347 p.
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↑ Arunachalam, M., J. A. Johnson, A. Sankaranarayanan, R. Soranam, A. Manimekalan i P. N. Shanthi, 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes of Manimuthar river, Tamil Nadu. P. 247-253. A: A. G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1,347 p.
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↑ Chandrashekhariah, H.N., M.F. Rahman i S. Lakshmi Raghavan, 2000. Status of fish fauna in Karnataka. p. 98-135. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
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↑ Daniels, R.J.R., 2002. Freshwater fishes of Peninsular India. Madhav Gadgil (ed). India-A lifescape 2. Universities Press, Hyderabad (India). viii+287.
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↑ Haniffa, M. A., 2000. Induced breeding of tropical air breathing fishes with natural and synthetic hormones. P. 295-298. A: A. G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1,347 p.
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↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, l'Índia. 775 p.
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↑ Menon, A. G. K., 1999. Check list - fresh water fishes of India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Publ., Occas. Pap. Núm. 175, 366 p.
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↑ Nath, P. i S.C. Dey, 1989. Fish and fisheries of North East India. Arunachal Pradesh. Vol. 1, 1-143 p.
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↑ Pal, M. i N. Kundu, 2011. Freshwater ecosystem services and biodiversity values at Nainital, Uttrakhand. P. 191-250. A: Report on highland aquatic ecosystem services and biodiversity values, including livelihoods, trade, policy and conservation oriented inputs to two global online databases. Highland Aquatic Resources Conservation and Sustainable Development (HighARCS) Project. Deliverable 3.1, Project No. 213015 of the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme. 363 p. Work Package 3 Report. Centre For Environmental Management And Participatory Development, and Institute Of Environmental Studies And Wetland Management, Calcuta, l'Índia.
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↑ Parameswaran, S. i V. K. Murugesan, 1976. Breeding season and seed sources of murrels in swamps of Karnataka State. J. Inland Fish. Soc. India 8:60-67.
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↑ Radhakrishnan, K. V., Kurup, B. M., Murphy, B. R. i S. -G. Xie., 2012. Status of alien fish species in the Western Ghats (India) as revealed from 2000-2004 surveys and literature analyses. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28(2012):778-784.
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↑ Rajan, P. T., C. R. Sreeraj i T. Immanuel, 2011. Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair.
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↑ Rao, K. V. R., 1995. Pisces. P. 483-506. A: Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. India. 673 p.
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↑ Rema Devi, K. i T.J. Indra, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofaunal resources of Tamil Nadu. p. 77-97. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
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↑ Shaji, C.P., P.S. Easa i A. Gopalakrishnan, 2000. Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats. p. 33-35. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
-
↑ Indra, T. J., 1993. Report on the ichthyofauna of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 92 (núms. 1-4): 177-192, Pl. 1.
-
↑ Rema Devi, K. i K. Ilango, 1993. On a collection of fish from Pudukkottai, District Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 93 (núms. 1-2): 241-251.
-
↑ Indra, T. J., 1994. On a collection of fishes from Tanjavur and Trichy districts, Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 94 (núms. 2-4): 403-433.
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↑ Sen, N., 1995. Pisces. A: Fauna of Meghalaya, Part 1. Vertebrates. State Fauna Series 4. Zoological Survey of India. 483-606, Pls. 1-39, maps 1-12.
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↑ Banik, S. i S. Choudhury, 1996. New reports of some freshwater fishes from College Tilla Lake, Tripura. Environment and Ecology (Kalyani), v. 14 (núm. 3): 578-580.
-
↑ Rema Devi, K. i M. B. Raghunathan, 1999. The ichthyofauna of Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 97 (núm. 1): 145-162.
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↑ Rema Devi, K. i M. B. Raghunathan, 1999. Report on the ichthyofauna of north Arcot district, Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 97 (núm. 1): 163-177.
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↑ Rema Devi, K., T. J. Indra, M. B. Raghunathan i M. Mary Bai, 1999. On a collection of fish fauna from Chennai, Chengleput and Thiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 97 (núm. 4): 151-166.
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↑ Karmakar, A. K., 2000. Fish communities and their distribution in Himalayan drainage system. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 98 (pt 4): 25-37.
-
↑ Raju Thomas, K., M. J. George i C. R. Biju, 2002. Freshwater fishes of southern Kerala with notes on the distribution of endemic and endangered species. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, v. 99 (pt 1): 47-53.
-
↑ Yadav, B. E., 2003. Ichthyofauna of northern part of Western Ghats. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper No. 215: 1-40.
-
↑ Vishwanath, W. i Kh. Geetakumari, 2009. Diagnosis and interrelationships of fishes of the genus Channa (Scopoli) (Teleostei: Channidae) of northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, v. 1 (núm. 2): 97-105.
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↑ Shaw, G. E. i Shebbeare, E. O., 1938. The fishes of northern Bengal: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, v. 3, p. 1-138.
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↑ De Silva, K. H. G. M., 1991. Population ecology of the paddy field-dwelling fish Channa gachua (Günther) (Perciformes, Channidae) in Sri Lanka. J. Fish Biol. 38(4):497-508.
-
↑ Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Sri Lanka (anglès)
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↑ Shrestha, J., 1994. Fishes, fishing implements and methods of Nepal. Smt. M.D. Gupta, Lalitpur Colony, Lashkar (Gwalior), Índia. 150 p.
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↑ Shrestha, T.K., 1990. Resource ecology of the Himalayan waters. Curriculum Development Centre, Tribhuvan University, Katmandú, Nepal. 645 p.
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↑ Shrestha, T.K., 2008. Ichthyology of Nepal: a study of fishes of the Himalayan waters. Katmandú: Himalayan Ecosphere, 388 p., (104) p. of plates: col. ill., col. maps; 23 cm.
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↑ Ahmed, M., 1991. A model to determine benefits obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p.
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↑ Arthur, J. R. i A. B. A. Ahmed, 2002. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. «Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh».
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↑ De Graaf, G., 2003. The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 10:241-247.
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↑ Mustafa, M. G. i G. de Graaf, 2008. Population parameters of important species in inland fisheries of Bangladesh. Asian Fish. Sci. 21:147-158.
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↑ Rahman, A.K.A., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p.
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↑ Hla Win, U., 1987. Checklist of fishes of Burma. Ministry of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Burma.
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↑ Khin, U., 1948. Fisheries in Burma. Gov't. Printing, Yangon. 180 p.
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↑ Oo, W., 2002. Inland fisheries of the Union of Myanmar. A: T. Petr i D.B. Swar (eds.) Cold Water Fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan Countries. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 431.
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↑ Nichols, J.T., 1943. The freshwater fishes of China. Natural history of Central Asia: Volum IX. The American Museum of Natural History, Nova York, Estats Units, 322 p.
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↑ Smith, J. L. B., 1950. Two noteworthy non-marine fishes from South Africa: Annals and Magazine of Natural History. V. 12, núm. 3, pàgines 705-710.
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↑ Anònim, 2003. Assessment of mangrove degradation and resilience in the Indian subcontinent: the cases of Godavari estuary and south-west Sri Lanka. Final Report ICO-DC: IC18-CT98-0295.
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↑ 77,0 77,1 UICN (anglès)
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↑ GBIF (anglès)
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↑ Reddy, P. B., 1980. Food and feeding habits of Channa punctata (Bloch) from Guntur. Indian J. Fish. 27(5):123-129.
-
↑ Reddy, Y. S. i Rao, M. B., 1990. Food and feeding habits of Channa punctatus (Bloch) from Hussainsagar Lake, Hyderabad: Proceedings of the 2nd Indian Fisheries Forum, May 27-31, 1990, Bangalore, l'Índia, p. 109-111.
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↑ 81,0 81,1 Quayyum, A. i Qasim, S. Z., 1962. Behavior of the Indian murrel, Ophicephalus punctatus, during brood care: Copeia 1956, núm. 2, p. 465-467.
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↑ 82,0 82,1 82,2 2004-6 Aquaticcommunity.com (anglès)
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↑ Breder, C. M. i D. E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 941 p.
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↑ Qasim, S. Z. i A. Qayyum, 1953. Fecundities of some freshwater fishes. Proc. natn. Inst. Sci. India, 29(4):373-382.
Bibliografia
- Anònim, 1996. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del museu ictiològic de la Universitat de la Colúmbia Britànica. Universitat de la Colúmbia Britànica, Vancouver, el Canadà.
- Anònim, 1999. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu d'Història Natural de Londres. Londres, la Gran Bretanya.
- Anònim, 2000. Col·lecció ictiològica del Museu Zoològic d'Hamburg (Zoologisches Museum Hamburg). Divisió d'Ictiologia i Herpetologia. Museu Zoològic d'Hamburg (ZMH).
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu de Zoologia de la Universitat de Copenhaguen. Museu Zoològic de la Universitat de Copenhaguen.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Banerjee, S. K., K. K. Misra, S. Banerjee i S. P. Ray-Chaudhuri, 1988. Chromosome numbers, genome sizes, cell volumes and evolution of snake-head fish (family Channidae). J. Fish Biol. 33:781-789.
- Benziger, A., S. Philip, R. Raghavan, P. H. Anvar Ali, M. Sukumaran, J. C. Tharian, et al., 2011. Unraveling a 146 years old taxonomic puzzle: validation of Malabar snakehead, species-status and its relevance for channid systematics and evolution. PLoS ONE, v. 6 (núm. 6): 1-12.
- Chandy, M., 1970. Fishes. Nova Delhi, National Book Trust India.
- Chatterjee, K., 1989. Cytotaxonomic and electrophoretic investigations on Indian air-breathing fishes. P. 83-99. A: P. Das i A. G. Jhingran (eds.). Fish genetics in India. Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers. Nova Delhi.
- De, S., 1985. The undulatory movements of fishes. Sci. & Cult. 51:344-346.
- Dhanze, J. R. i N. Sen, 1993. A morphometric study of Channa punctata (Bloch) (Pisces: Channidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, v. 90 (núms. 1-4): 47-56.
- Dhar, N. J. i K. Chatterjee, 1984. Chromosomal evolution in Indian murrels (Channiformes: Channidae). Caryologia. 37(4):359-371.
- Dhar, N. J. i K. Chatterjee, 1986. A distinctive chromosomal race of channid fish, Channa punctata. Microbios Letters 33:15-18.
- FAO, 1996. Aquaculture production statistics 1985-1994. FAO Fish. Circ. 815. 189 p.
- Fricke, R., 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31: 759 p.
- Garibaldi, L., 1996. List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p.
- Gopakumar, K. (ed.), 1997. Biochemical composition of Indian food fish. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, l'Índia. 44 p.
- Gopal, K., M. Anand, S. Mehrotra i P. K. Ray, 1985. Neurobehavioural changes in freshwater fish Channa punctatus exposed to endosulfan. J. Adv. Zool. 6:74-80.
- Hakim, A., J. S. D. Munshi i G. M. Hughes, 1983. Oxygen-uptake from water through the respiratory organs in Channa punctata () in relation to body weight. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. B49:73-85.
- Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R. i S. Tiwary, 1994. Localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in the metaphase chromosomes of 9 species of teleosts (Pisces) from India. P. 27-39. A: Systematics and Evolution of Indo-Pacific Fishes. Proceedings of the Fourth Indo-Pacific Fish Conference. 502 p. Bangkok, Tailàndia. 28 de novembre-4 de desembre.
- Lindsey, C. C., 1978. Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. P. 1-100. A: W. S. Hoar i D. J. Randall (eds.). Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, Nova York.
- Manna, G. K. i R. Prasad, 1973. Chromosomes in three species of fish (Channa). Nucleus. 16:150-157.
- Munshi, J. S. D., A. K. Patra, N. Biswas i J. Ojha, 1979. Interspecific variations in the circadian rhythm of bimodal oxygen uptake in four species of murrels. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 26(1):69-74.
- Museu Suec d'Història Natural, 1999. Base de dades de la col·lecció d'ictiologia. Secció d'Ictiologia, Departament de Zoologia de Vertebrats. Estocolm, Suècia.
- Nayyar, R. P., 1966. Karyotype studies in thirteen species of fishes. Genetica. 37(1):78-92.
- NBFGR, 1998. Fish chromosome atlas. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Special Publication, Núm. 1. Lucknow, Índia, 332 p.
- Paepke, H.-J., 1993. Kritischer Katalog der Typen der Fischsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. Teil 5: Channoidei. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, v. 69 (núm. 2): 255-259.
- Paepke, H.-J., 1999. Bloch's fish collection in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin: an illustrated catalog and historical account. Ruggell (Liechtenstein). Theses Zoologicae, v. 32: 1-216, Pls. 1-32.
- Rishi, K. K. i S. Rishi, 1981. Giemsa banding in fish chromosome. Proc. 3rd All Indian Congress of Cytology and Genetics. A: G. K. Manna and U. Sinha (Eds.). Perspective in Cytology and Genetics. Hindasia Publishers, Delhi 3:103-106.
- Rishi, K. K., 1973. A preliminary report on the karyotypes of eighteen marine fishes. Res. Bull. Punjab Univ. 24:161-162.
- Sharma, O. P. i A. Agarwal, 1981. Cytogenetic studies on two species of genus Channa. Persp. Cyt. & Genet. 3:57-61.
- Singh, R. P., M. S. Prasad, A. P. Mishra i B. R. Singh, 1982. Oxygen uptake through water during early life in Channa punctatus (Bloch) (Pisces; Ophicephaliformes). Hydrobiologia 87:211-215.
- Thurston, R. V. i P. C. Gehrke, 1993. Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. Pàgines 95-108. A: R. C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.). Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, Califòrnia, els Estats Units. 18-19 de setembre, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2002. Injurious wildlife species: snakeheads (family Channidae). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register Environmental Documents, Vol. 67, Núm. 193.
- Vasil'ev, V.P., 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3): 1-38.
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Channa punctata: Brief Summary
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Channa punctata és una espècie de peix de la família dels cànnids i de l'ordre dels perciformes. És inofensiu per als humans i emprat com a esquer viu per a la pesca esportiva de cànnids més grossos.
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Channa punctata
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Channa punctata, the spotted snakehead, is a species of snakehead. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent and nearby areas, ranging across Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Tibet.[2] Its natural habitats are swamps, ponds and brackish water systems.[2] It is a fish of high food value and has little value as aquarium fish.
Description
Channa punctatus normally grows to around 15.0 cm (5.9 in) in length, but males up to 31.0 cm (12.2 in) have also been captured.[2] The spotted snakehead is listed as Least Concern in IUCN, due to lack of major threats to this species populations.[1]
The species is mainly a carnivore. Favorite food of this species is other small fishes yolk flies and fish larvae. In its natural habitat, it consumes crustaceans, molluscs, insects, small fishes, semi-digested materials and sometimes plants. Its feeding habit changes seasonally. The intensity of feeding is low in mature fishes during the spawning period. Juvenile fish has constant habit of food.[3]
References
-
^ a b Chaudhry, S.; de Alwis Goonatilake, S.; Fernado, M.; Kotagama, O. (2019). "Channa punctata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T166437A60584432. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T166437A60584432.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
-
^ a b c d Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). Channa punctata in FishBase. February 2014 version.
-
^ AS Bhuiyan, S Afroz, T Zaman (2006). "Bhuiyan, A.S., Afroz, S. and Zaman, T., 2006. Food and feeding habit of the juvenile and adult snake head, Channa punctatus (Bloch)". J. Life Earth Sci. 1 (2): 53–54.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Channa punctata: Brief Summary
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Channa punctata, the spotted snakehead, is a species of snakehead. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent and nearby areas, ranging across Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Tibet. Its natural habitats are swamps, ponds and brackish water systems. It is a fish of high food value and has little value as aquarium fish.
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Channa punctata
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Channa punctata: Brief Summary
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Channa punctata Channa generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Channidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Pilkkukäärmeenpää
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Pilkkukäärmeenpää[2] (Channa punctata) on käärmeenpäiden (Channidae) heimoon kuuluva makeassa- ja murtovedessä elävä luukalalaji. Marcus Elieser Bloch kuvasi lajin tieteelle vuonna 1793. Lajia käytetään syöttinä suurempia kaloja ongittaessa.[3]
Ulkonäkö ja koko
Pilkkukäärmeenpäällä on pitkä, tyvestä pilkullinen selkäevä. Lajilla on suussaan pieniä hampaita. Pilkkukäärmeenpää on tavallisesti 15 senttimetrin mittainen, mutta voi yltää jopa 31 senttimetrin mittoihin.[3]
Elinympäristö ja levinneisyys
Lajia tavataan lammista, soista ja ojista. Aikuiset yksilöt suosivat virtaamattomia vesistöjä. Sopivin lämpötila lajlle on 22–28 °C.[3] Pilkkukäärmeenpää on levinnyt 11 valtion alueelle Aasiassa.[4] Lajin uhanalaisuusluokitus on Kansainvälisen luonnonsuojeluliiton mukaan elinvoimainen.[5]
Ravinto ja elintavat
Pilkkukäärmeenpää käyttää ravinnokseen toukkia, hyönteisiä ja pikkukaloja. Akvaario-olosuhteissa laji syö myös katkarapuja.[3]
Lähteet
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Pilkkukäärmeenpää: Brief Summary
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Pilkkukäärmeenpää (Channa punctata) on käärmeenpäiden (Channidae) heimoon kuuluva makeassa- ja murtovedessä elävä luukalalaji. Marcus Elieser Bloch kuvasi lajin tieteelle vuonna 1793. Lajia käytetään syöttinä suurempia kaloja ongittaessa.
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Channa punctata
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翠鱧
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chinois
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翠鱧: Brief Summary
(
chinois
)
fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科
翠鱧為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱧科的其中一種，分布於亞洲阿富汗、巴基斯坦、尼泊爾、印度、斯里蘭卡、孟加拉、緬甸及中國雲南省的淡水流域，體長可達31公分，棲息在泥底質的沼澤、湖泊、溪流、池塘，屬肉食性，以蠕蟲、昆蟲、小魚等為食，可作為觀賞魚及食用魚。
