Taphrina padi is a fungal plant pathogen that induces the form of pocket plum gall that occurs on bird cherry (Prunus padus). The gall is a chemically induced distortion of the fruits, which are swollen, hollow, curved and greatly elongated,[1] without a seed or stone, but retaining the style.[2] The twigs on infected plants may also be deformed with small strap-shaped leaves.[1]
Taphrina padi, a 'tongue fungus', produces a distinctive, elongated, tongue-like growth on bird cherry,[3] similar to other closely related species such as Taphrina alni on ader (Alnus glutinosa) and Taphrina pruni on blackthorn (Prunus spinosa).[1] The growth is the distorted fruit and not the fungus itself.[4]
The gall is widely distributed, and may be under recorded in the United Kingdom, but it is found throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere.[5] T. padi has been recorded in India.
These galls are usually known as 'pocket plums', however alternatives are 'starved plums'; 'bladder bullace; and 'mock plums'. The gall appears on the developing fruit, rendering it inedible and resulting in an elongated, curved, hollow, stone-less gall, usually light green in colour at first; turning brown as the gall develops. In T. padi an identification characteristic is that the style persists at the tip of the gall.
The surface of the gall eventually becomes corrugate and coated with the fungus, showing as a white bloom of ascospore producing hyphae. The totally inedible fruits shrivel and most fall.[6]
Stems bearing deformed fruit may also thicken and grow with a deformation. The leaves are smaller and strap-like and shoots may be swollen, pale yellow and tinged with red.[1] The fungus may also cause dense clusters of live and dead twig, called "witches' brooms". Some authors suggest these are caused by the very similar Taphrina insititia.[6]
The airborne spores released from the whitish 'bloom' on the fruit are thought to settle in the host's bark and bud scales, growing at first without causing obvious signs, but in the spring the fungus invades the plant tissues, causing swollen and deformed shoots. The fungus remains in these as a mycelium. The gall inducing fungus then grows into the flowers and the developing fruit. The cycle then repeats itself.[6]
The fungus infects the ovaries causing a pseudo-pollination and an enhanced cell division, resulting in the infested fruit being larger than the healthy one.[4]
As a fungus, cool and wet weather conditions promote the germination of spores, while warm and dry weather results in infection rarely taking place.[4]
Removing and destroying the galls may help to reduce the infestation. Colonisation can become extensive and eradication very difficult. The disease can to some degree be controlled by carefully removing infected branches, witches' brooms and fruit before the infective air-borne spores are produced.[6]
Applications of copper-containing fungicides have a degree of control over the tongue-fungi.
Taphrina padi is a fungal plant pathogen that induces the form of pocket plum gall that occurs on bird cherry (Prunus padus). The gall is a chemically induced distortion of the fruits, which are swollen, hollow, curved and greatly elongated, without a seed or stone, but retaining the style. The twigs on infected plants may also be deformed with small strap-shaped leaves.
Heggvendill (fræðiheiti: Taphrina padi[2]) er sveppur[3] sem var fyrst lýst af Arthur Louis Arthurovic de Jaczewski, og fékk sitt núverandi nafn af Arthur Jackson Mix 1947.[4] Hann sníkir á hegg og hefur nýlega fundist á Íslandi.[5]
Heggvendill (fræðiheiti: Taphrina padi) er sveppur sem var fyrst lýst af Arthur Louis Arthurovic de Jaczewski, og fékk sitt núverandi nafn af Arthur Jackson Mix 1947. Hann sníkir á hegg og hefur nýlega fundist á Íslandi.
Cost artìcol a l'é mach në sbòss. Da finì.
A chërs dzortut ëdzora a fior e fruta ëd Prunus padus, a la prima.
A venta mai mangé un bolè trovà se un a l'é nen un bon conossidor dij bolè!
Sensa anteresse alimentar.
Cost artìcol a l'é mach në sbòss. Da finì.
AmbientA chërs dzortut ëdzora a fior e fruta ëd Prunus padus, a la prima.
Comestibilità A venta mai mangé un bolè trovà se un a l'é nen un bon conossidor dij bolè!
Sensa anteresse alimentar.
Häggpung (Taphrina padi) är en svampart[2] som först beskrevs av Arthur Louis Arthurovic de Jaczewski, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Mix 1947. Häggpung ingår i släktet Taphrina och familjen häxkvastsvampar.[3][4][5] Arten förekommer i den tempererade klimatzonen, men har även påträffats i Indien.[6][7] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[3]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Häggpung.
Häggpung (Taphrina padi) är en svampart som först beskrevs av Arthur Louis Arthurovic de Jaczewski, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Mix 1947. Häggpung ingår i släktet Taphrina och familjen häxkvastsvampar. Arten förekommer i den tempererade klimatzonen, men har även påträffats i Indien. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Taphrina padi (Jacz.) Mix 1947
СинонимыTaphrina padi — вид грибов рода Тафрина (Taphrina) отдела Аскомицеты (Ascomycota), паразит растений из рода Слива (Prunus) — черёмухи обыкновенной и близких видов. Вызывает «кармашки» плодов.
Поражённые плоды увеличиваются в размерах до 2—3 см, приобретают коническую или цилиндрическую форму, часто заострённую и загнутую на конце. Ткани перикарпа и цветоложа значительно преобразуются. Поражение листьев и побегов наблюдается редко.
Мицелий межклеточный, зимует в тканях ветвей.
Сумчатый слой («гимений») имеет вид беловатого налёта на поражённых плодах.
Аски размерами 50—60×25—52 мкм, цилиндрические, реже булавовидные, с округлой верхушкой. Базальные клетки (см. в статье Тафрина) цилиндрические, с сужением в нижней части, размерами 10—22×8—12 мкм.
Аскоспоры шаровидные, диаметром 4—5 мкм, почкуются в асках.
Поражает черёмуху обыкновенную (Prunus padus) (в Европе и Западной Сибири), а также черёмуху азиатскую, Маака (Prunus maackii), Prunus ssiori.
Taphrina padi описана в России А. А. Ячевским, распространена в северных, центральных и восточных регионах Европы от Британских островов до Московской области России, в Азии встречается в Западной Сибири, Средней Азии, Индии и на российском Дальнем Востоке (Приморский край, остров Итуруп).
В Западной Сибири вызывает эпифитотии, иногда полностью уничтожающие завязи черёмухи.
Taphrina padi — вид грибов рода Тафрина (Taphrina) отдела Аскомицеты (Ascomycota), паразит растений из рода Слива (Prunus) — черёмухи обыкновенной и близких видов. Вызывает «кармашки» плодов.
