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Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch) P. Karst. 1879

Associations ( anglais )

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In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Hydnellum aurantiacum is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Pinus sylvestris (native Scottish form)
Remarks: Other: uncertain

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Hydnellum aurantiacum ( anglais )

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Hydnellum aurantiacum is an inedible fungus, commonly known as the orange spine or orange Hydnellum for its reddish orange or rusty red colored fruit bodies. Like other tooth fungi, it bears a layer of spines rather than gills on the underside of the cap. Due to substantial declines in sightings, this species is listed as critically endangered in the United Kingdom.[2][3]

Taxonomy

Hydnellum aurantiacum was first described by the German naturalist August Batsch in 1789, with the name Hydnum suberosum var. aurantiacum.[4] It was given its current scientific name by Petter Karsten, who transferred it to Hydnellum in 1879.[5] Hydnellum aurantiacum has acquired several synonyms in its taxonomic history, including Hydnum stohlii, published by Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1873, and Hydnellum complectipes, published by Hall in 1972.[6] Additional synonyms resulting from generic transfers include Hydnum aurantiacum (Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz, 1825); Calodon aurantiacus (Karsten, 1881); and Phaeodon aurantiacus (Joseph Schröter, 1888).[1]

The specific epithet aurantiacum is derived from the Latin for "orange". Common names for the fungus include "orange spine",[7] "orange corky spine fungus",[8] and the British Mycological Society approved English name "orange Hydnellum".[9]

Description

Young fruit body

Fruitbodies are shallowly funnel-shaped (infundibuliform), and up to 15 cm in diameter. The upper surface is orange or orange-brown in the centre, with a lighter margin. It may be velvety or tomentose when young, but will become wrinkled or lumpy in age. The flesh is tough and woody, pale to dark orange-brown in color, without any distinctive odor but a bitter or mealy taste.[10] The teeth are short (up to 5 mm long), white, but the tips gradually turn brown with age. The stipe is up to 4 cm long and 0.5–2 cm thick, orange to dark brown in color, with a velvety surface.[11] The spore print is brown. This species is inedible[12] due to the toughness of the flesh and its poor taste.[13]

Basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are between 35 and 46 by 8–11 µm, club-shaped (clavate), without clamp connections, and four-spored. The sterigmata (extensions of the basidia bearing spores) may be up to 6 µm long. Basidiospores are roughly spherical in shape, with rough warty outgrowths (tubercles), nonamyloid, and have dimensions of 5.5–8 by 5.5–6.5 µm.[14]

Similar species

The species resembles the polypore Phaeolus schweinitzii when viewed from the top of the cap surface, but it has teeth instead of pores on the hymenium. Closely related and morphologically similar species in the genus Hydnellum include H. auratile (has more uniformly coloured flesh), H. caeruleum (may look similar in age),[15] H. congenum (has thin flesh in the cap), H. ferrugipes, H. earlianum (has a smoother cap, and spines have sulfur-yellow tips, not white).[7][16]

Distribution and habitat

This species is typically found growing solitary or in clusters on the ground in conifer and mixed woods. Rarely, fruit bodies may have their stipes fused together.[6] Hydnellum aurantiacum has been reported from Australia,[17] Europe, North America,[18] and Asia, including China[19] India,[20] and Korea.[21] It is one of the most frequently encountered Thelephorales species found in the Sverdlovsk region of Russia.[22]

Chemistry

Skeletal formula of aurantiacin

The pigment responsible for the characteristic orange color of H. aurantiacum has been identified as the p-terphenyl compound named aurantiacin.[23] This dark red pigment, a derivative of the compound atromentin, has subsequently been identified in other species of Hydnellum.[24] The compounds dihydroaurantiacin dibenzoate and thelephoric acid have also been reported.[25]

Hydnellum aurantiacum is used in mushroom dyeing, in which it produces grayish to greenish-gray colors depending on the mordant used.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b "GSD Species Synonymy: Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch) P. Karst". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
  2. ^ "Trees for Life - Species Profile: Pinewood tooth fungi". Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  3. ^ "Action plan for Grouped plan for tooth fungi". Archived from the original on 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  4. ^ Batsch AJGK. Elenchus fungorum. Continuatio secunda. Halae Magdeburgicae: Apud Joannem J. Gebauer. p. 103.
  5. ^ Karsten PA. (1879). "Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. VI". Meddelanden Af Societas Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 5: 15–46 (see p. 41).
  6. ^ a b Hall D, Stuntz DE (1972). "Pileate Hydnaceae of the Puget Sound area. III. Brown spored genus: Hydnellum". Mycologia. 64 (3): 560–590. doi:10.2307/3757873. JSTOR 3757873.
  7. ^ a b McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987). A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-395-91090-0.
  8. ^ Pegler DN, Roberts PJ, Spooner BM (1997). British Chanterelles and Tooth Fungi. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-900347-15-0.
  9. ^ "Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK" (PDF). British Mycological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
  10. ^ Orr DB, Orr RT (1980). Mushrooms of Western North America. California Natural History Guides. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-520-03660-4.
  11. ^ Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990). Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): an Identification Handbook. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-412-36970-4.
  12. ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  13. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  14. ^ Baird RE, Khan SR (1986). "The stipitate Hydnums (Thelephoraceae) of Florida USA". Brittonia. 38 (2): 171–184. doi:10.2307/2807273. JSTOR 2807273. S2CID 85360191.
  15. ^ Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
  16. ^ Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 626. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
  17. ^ May TW, Milne J, Shingles S, Jones R (2003). Fungi of Australia: Catalogue and bibliography of Australian fungi 2. Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota p.p. v. 2B. Csiro Publishing. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-643-06907-7.
  18. ^ Miller OK, Miller H (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Falcon Guide. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  19. ^ Dai Y-C. (2010). "A revised checklist of corticioid and hydnoid fungi in China for 2010". Mycoscience. 52: 69–79. doi:10.1007/s10267-010-0068-1. S2CID 86049359.
  20. ^ Lyngdoh A, Dkhar MS. "Wood-rotting fungi in East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, northeast India, with special reference to Heterobasidion perplexa (a rare species ‒ new to India)" (PDF). Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology. 1 (1): 114–124.
  21. ^ Lee JS, Jung HS (2005). "List of recorded Korean Aphyllophorales" (PDF). Korean Journal of Mycology. 33 (1): 38–53. doi:10.4489/kjm.2005.33.1.038.
  22. ^ Shiryaev A. (2008). "Diversity and distribution of thelephoroid fungi (Basidiomycota, Thelephorales) in the Sverdlovsk region, Russia" (PDF). Folia Cryptogamica Estonica. 44: 131–144.
  23. ^ Gripenberg J. (1956). "Fungus pigments. IV. Aurantiacin, the pigment of Hydnum aurantiacum Batsch". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 10: 1111–1115. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.10-1111.
  24. ^ Velíšek J, Cejpek K (2011). "Pigments of higher fungi: A review". Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 29 (2): 87–102. doi:10.17221/524/2010-CJFS.
  25. ^ Gripenberg J. (1958). "Fungus pigments. IX. Some further constituents of Hydnum aurantiacum Batsch" (PDF). Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 12: 1411–1414. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.12-1411.
  26. ^ Bessette AR, Bessette A (2001). The Rainbow Beneath My Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-8156-0680-2.

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Hydnellum aurantiacum: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Hydnellum aurantiacum is an inedible fungus, commonly known as the orange spine or orange Hydnellum for its reddish orange or rusty red colored fruit bodies. Like other tooth fungi, it bears a layer of spines rather than gills on the underside of the cap. Due to substantial declines in sightings, this species is listed as critically endangered in the United Kingdom.

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Oranssiorakas ( finnois )

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Oranssiorakas (Hydnellum aurantiacum) on nahkaorakkaisiin kuluva yleinen metsäsieni. Sen itiöemä on väriltään oranssinruskea, siinä on usein myös valkeita värejä, ja lakin alapinnalla selkeästi havaittava piikistö. Jalka on kovahko, halkaistuna vyöhykkeinen, mutta valkeat ja siniset värit puuttuvat. Sieni on sammalikoilla ja mäntykankailla yleisehkö. Haju on tunnettavissa ja sitä on kuvattu jauhomaiseksi, erityistä makua ei juuri ole. Ruokasieneksi laji on liian kova ja sitkeä, mutta sienivärjäykseen se kelpaa. Siitä on eri puretuksilla saatu lankaan vihertäviä värisävyjä.[2][3]

Lähteet

  1. Henry Dissing ym.: Nordic Macromycetes Vol. 3, s. 311. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp, 1997. ISBN 87-983961-1-0.
  2. Päivi Hintsanen: Värjäys: Hydnellum Orakkaat Coloria.net. Viitattu 29.8.2016.
  3. Pertti Salo – Tuomo Niemelä – Ulla Salo: Suomen sieniopas, s. 318. Helsinki: Kasvimuseo/WSOY, 2006. ISBN 951-0-30359-3.
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Oranssiorakas: Brief Summary ( finnois )

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Oranssiorakas (Hydnellum aurantiacum) on nahkaorakkaisiin kuluva yleinen metsäsieni. Sen itiöemä on väriltään oranssinruskea, siinä on usein myös valkeita värejä, ja lakin alapinnalla selkeästi havaittava piikistö. Jalka on kovahko, halkaistuna vyöhykkeinen, mutta valkeat ja siniset värit puuttuvat. Sieni on sammalikoilla ja mäntykankailla yleisehkö. Haju on tunnettavissa ja sitä on kuvattu jauhomaiseksi, erityistä makua ei juuri ole. Ruokasieneksi laji on liian kova ja sitkeä, mutta sienivärjäykseen se kelpaa. Siitä on eri puretuksilla saatu lankaan vihertäviä värisävyjä.

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Hydnellum aurantiacum ( Pms )

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Drapò piemontèis.png Vos an lenga piemontèisa Për amprende a dovré 'l sistema dle parlà locaj ch'a varda sì.

Cost artìcol a l'é mach në sbòss. Da finì.

Ambient

A chërs ant ij bòsch ëd conìfere, ma ëdcò ëd latifeuje.

Comestibilità

WHMIS Class D-1.svg A venta mai mangé un bolè trovà se un a l'é nen un bon conossidor dij bolè!
As peul nen mangesse.

Arferiment bibliogràfich për chi a veul fé dj'arserche pì ancreuse

  • Hydnellum aurantiacum (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) P. Karsten
  • [= Hydnum stohlii Rabenhorst]
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Hydnellum aurantiacum: Brief Summary ( Pms )

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Cost artìcol a l'é mach në sbòss. Da finì.

Ambient

A chërs ant ij bòsch ëd conìfere, ma ëdcò ëd latifeuje.

Comestibilità

WHMIS Class D-1.svg A venta mai mangé un bolè trovà se un a l'é nen un bon conossidor dij bolè!
As peul nen mangesse.

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Kolczakówka pomarańczowa ( polonais )

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2014-08-02 Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch) P. Karst 441901.jpg

Kolczakówka pomarańczowa (Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch: Fr.) P. Karst) – gatunek grzybów należący do rodziny kolcownicowatych (Bankeraceae)[1].

Systematyka i nazewnictwo

Pozycja w klasyfikacji według Index Fungorum: Hydnellum, Bankeraceae, Thelephorales, Incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi[1].

Po raz pierwszy takson ten zdiagnozował w 1789 r. Batsch nadając mu nazwę Hydnum suberosum var. aurantiacum. Obecną, uznaną przez Index Fungorum nazwę nadał mu w 1879 r. P. Karst., przenosząc go do rodzaju Hydnellum[1]. Niektóre synonimy[2]:

  • Calodon aurantiacus (Batsch) P. Karst.
  • Hydnellum complectipes D. Hall
  • Hydnum aurantiacum (Batsch) Alb. & Schwein.
  • Hydnum stohlii Rabenh.
  • Phaeodon aurantiacus (Batsch) J. Schröt.

Nazwę polską podali Barbara Gumińska i Władysław Wojewoda w 1968 r. W polskim piśmiennictwie mykologicznym gatunek ten opisywany był też jako kolczak pomarańczowy[3].

Morfologia

Kapelusz

5-10 cm średnicy, początkowo wypukły, później wklęsły aż do lejkowatego. Nieregularny, na powierzchni pokryty wyrostkami, na brzegach promieniście pomarszczony. Koloru pomarańczowego, pomarańczowożółtego, pomarańczowobrunatnego, na brzegu jaśniejący, białawy, z koncentrycznymi, bladymi strefami. Kolce zbiegające na trzon, początkowo białopomarańczowe, później ciemniejsze, purpurowobrązowe, do 5 mm długie[4].

Trzon

Długi do 10 cm, gruby od 0,3 do około 2 cm. Barwy żółtawopomarańczowej, pomarańczowobrunatnej do ciemnobrunatnej. Aksamitny lub wełnisty, w końcu kłakowaty[4].

Miąższ

Pomarańczowordzawy, w kapeluszu bardziej pomarańczowożółtawy, strefowany, korkowaty. Zapach mączny, czasem także z dodatkiem składnika gorzkich migdałów[4].

Zarodniki

Brązowawe, ze spłaszczonymi guzkami, o średnicy 4,5-6,5 × 4-5,5 µm[4].

Występowanie i siedlisko

W Polsce podlega ścisłej ochronie gatunkowej[5]. Znajduje się na Czerwonej liście roślin i grzybów Polski. Ma status E – gatunek wymierający[6]. Znajduje się na listach gatunków zagrożonych także w Danii. Niemczech, Anglii, Holandii[3].

Rośnie od czerwca do października, pojedynczo lub w grupach w lasach iglastych i mieszanych, na glebach zawierających wapń, częściej na obszarach górskich; rzadka[4].

Gatunki podobne

Kolczakówkę pomarańczową można pomylić z kolczakówką strefowaną (Hydnellum concrescens), która ma owocniki ciemniejsze, bez pomarańczowej barwy, z ciemnym, czarniawym strefowaniem. Porównaj też z niejadalną kolczakówka niebieskawą (Hydnellum caeruleum), której miąższ ma oprócz pomarańczowych także strefy niebieskawe[4].

Przypisy

  1. a b c Index Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2013-11-12].
  2. Species Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2013-11-12].
  3. a b Władysław Wojewoda: Checklist of Polish Larger Basidiomycetes. Krytyczna lista wielkoowocnikowych grzybów podstawkowych Polski. Kraków: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2003. ISBN 83-89648-09-1.
  4. a b c d e f Ewald Gerhardt: Grzyby – wielki ilustrowany przewodnik. s. 568. ISBN 83-7404-513-2.
  5. Dz.U. z 2014 r. poz. 1409 – Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej grzybów
  6. Zbigniew Mirek: Red list of plants and fungi in Poland = Czerwona lista roślin i grzybów Polski. Kraków: W. Szafer Institute of Botany. Polish Academy of Sciences, 2006. ISBN 83-89648-38-5.
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Kolczakówka pomarańczowa: Brief Summary ( polonais )

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2014-08-02 Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch) P. Karst 441901.jpg

Kolczakówka pomarańczowa (Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch: Fr.) P. Karst) – gatunek grzybów należący do rodziny kolcownicowatych (Bankeraceae).

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