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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 11.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted Stegodyphus species. A–D Stegodyphus lineatus E–H Stegodyphus mimosarum I–L Stegodyphus sarasinorum. A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view A illustrates example of median eyes separated on horizontal axis; E illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on vertical axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 70.A–I males of Paradonea parva and Paradonea presleyi sp. n., habitus, photomicrographs. A–F Paradonea parva A–C male holotype from junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers, South Africa (B3701, SAM) D–F male from 4 km N of Hopetown, Northern Cape, South Africa (AcAT 97/988, NCA). G–I male holotype of Paradonea presleyi sp. n. from Falcon College, Zimbabwe (CASENT 9039236, CAS) A, D, G dorsal view B, E, H ventral view C, F, I anterior view.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 4.A–L Retreats, webs, and habitus of living Eresidae, photographs. A Adonea fimbriata retreat on the ground from Sede Boqer, Israel (photo by Efrat Gavish-Regev) B Dresserus sp. retreat in the grass (photo by Charles Haddad) C Eresus walckenaeri retreat of juvenile from Ioannina, Greece (photo by Siegfried Huber) D–E Gandanameno sp. from west of Helmeringhausen Namibia (photos by Martin Forman) D Retreat on Acacia E female, with egg sac and various prey remnants F Gandanameno sp. femalefrom Amanzi Game Reserve, South Africa (photo by Tamás Szűts) G, H Seothyra sp. from Namibia G retreat under sand, showing the antelope track pattern H specimen and the exposed retreat (photos E–H, J, L by Teresa Meikle) I Loureedia annulipes, burrow from Sede Boqer, Israel (photo by Efrat Gavish-Regev) J–L Stegodyphus retreats J Stegodyphus dumicola from Spioenkop, South Africa K Stegodyphus lineatus from Tel-Hadid, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) L Stegodyphus mimosarum from Spioenkop, South Africa.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 3.A–I Habitus of living Stegodyphus, photographs. A–C Stegodyphus lineatus A adult female from Hurghada, Egypt B adult female from Negev desert, Israel (photo by Rudolf Macek) C adult female from Shoam, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) D juvenile Stegodyphus tibialis feeding on their mother, Dali, China (photo by Yang Zi-Zhong) E Stegodyphus mimosarum, male (black arrow), females and a kleptoparasite Archeodictyna (white arrow) F Stegodyphus mimosarum, mass attack on a carabid G a female Stegodyphus dumicola feeding her offsprings H a pompilid wasp larva feeds on a female Stegodyphus dumicola (photos E–H by Teresa Meikle) I Stegodyphus sp. female from ShweSettaw Wildlife Reservation, Myanmar (photo by Dong Lin).
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 3.A–I Habitus of living Stegodyphus, photographs. A–C Stegodyphus lineatus A adult female from Hurghada, Egypt B adult female from Negev desert, Israel (photo by Rudolf Macek) C adult female from Shoam, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) D juvenile Stegodyphus tibialis feeding on their mother, Dali, China (photo by Yang Zi-Zhong) E Stegodyphus mimosarum, male (black arrow), females and a kleptoparasite Archeodictyna (white arrow) F Stegodyphus mimosarum, mass attack on a carabid G a female Stegodyphus dumicola feeding her offsprings H a pompilid wasp larva feeds on a female Stegodyphus dumicola (photos E–H by Teresa Meikle) I Stegodyphus sp. female from ShweSettaw Wildlife Reservation, Myanmar (photo by Dong Lin).
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 83.A–F Stegodyphus lineatus, scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets and trichobothrium. A–D male from Nengrahar, Afghanistan (MR010, MR) E, F female from Belkis,near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR). A overview B, E right ALS C left PMS D right PLS F trichobothrium on left metatarsus I. AC aciniform gland spigot ALS anterior lateral spinneret MAP major ampullate gland spigot mAP minor ampullate gland spigot PI piriform gland spigot PLS posterior lateral spinneret PMS posterior median spinneret.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 4.A–L Retreats, webs, and habitus of living Eresidae, photographs. A Adonea fimbriata retreat on the ground from Sede Boqer, Israel (photo by Efrat Gavish-Regev) B Dresserus sp. retreat in the grass (photo by Charles Haddad) C Eresus walckenaeri retreat of juvenile from Ioannina, Greece (photo by Siegfried Huber) D–E Gandanameno sp. from west of Helmeringhausen Namibia (photos by Martin Forman) D Retreat on Acacia E female, with egg sac and various prey remnants F Gandanameno sp. femalefrom Amanzi Game Reserve, South Africa (photo by Tamás Szűts) G, H Seothyra sp. from Namibia G retreat under sand, showing the antelope track pattern H specimen and the exposed retreat (photos E–H, J, L by Teresa Meikle) I Loureedia annulipes, burrow from Sede Boqer, Israel (photo by Efrat Gavish-Regev) J–L Stegodyphus retreats J Stegodyphus dumicola from Spioenkop, South Africa K Stegodyphus lineatus from Tel-Hadid, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) L Stegodyphus mimosarum from Spioenkop, South Africa.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 11.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted Stegodyphus species. A–D Stegodyphus lineatus E–H Stegodyphus mimosarum I–L Stegodyphus sarasinorum. A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view A illustrates example of median eyes separated on horizontal axis; E illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on vertical axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 15.A–L Left male palpi of eresid species, photomicrographs. A–C Seothyra henscheli from Gobabeb Station, Namibia (SMN 40828, NMN) D, F Stegodyphus lineatus D–E from Negev, Israel (MR) F from Nengrahar, Afghanistan (MR010, MR) G–I Stegodyphus mimosarum from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS) J–L Stegodyphus sarasinorum from 7.5 km E PwintPhyu, Magway Division, Myanmar (CASENT 9019370, CAS) A, D, G, J prolateral view B, E, H, K retrolateral view C, F, I, L expanded palp. BH basal haematodocha MH median haematodocha.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 18.A–L Epigyna of eresid species, photomicrographs. A, D Loureedia annulipes from Wadi Mashash, Negev, Israel (MR019, MR) B, E Paradonea variegata from Steinkopf, Northern Cape, South Africa (ZMB 26964, ZMHB) C, F Seothyra henscheli; C from Kuiseb River, Gobabeb, Namibia (SMN 46627, NMN) F from Sout Rivier, Namibia (CASENT 9039242, CAS) G, J Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR) H, K Stegodyphus mimosarum H from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS) K from Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie, Toliara, Madagascar (CASENT 9012844, CAS) I, L Stegodyphus sarasinorum from 7.5 km E PwintPhyu, Magway Division, Myanmar (CASENT 9019370, CAS) A–C, G–I ventral view D–F, J–L dorsal view, cleared. AL anterior lobe ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 79.A–J Stegodyphus lineatus. A–D, I, J male from Nengrahar, Afghanistan (MR010, MR) E–H female from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR) A–D habitus of male, photomicrographs E–H habitus of female, photomicrographs I, J illustrations of left male palp A, E dorsal view B, F ventral view C, G anterior view D, H lateral view I prolateral view J retrolateral view. C conductor E embolus T tegulum.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 80.A–D male Stegodyphus lineatus from Nengrahar, Afghanistan (MR010, MR), scanning electron micrographs. A–D right palp, images reversed to appear as left palp E, F epiandrous region A prolateral view B retrolateral view C apical view D detail, prolateral view E ventral view F detail of epiandrous gland spigots. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 81.A–F Female Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR), scanning electron micrographs of prosoma and chelicerae. A anterior view, arrow indicates clypeal hood B left lateral view C eye region, dorsal view D detail, prosoma cuticle E left chelicera F left cheliceral boss.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 82.A–F female Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR), scanning electron micrographs of epigynum, vulva, and calamistrum. A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C right spermatheca and fertilization duct D right spermathecal head E calamistrum, left metatarsus IV F detail, calamistrum setae. FD fertilization duct ML median lobe; S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 3.A–I Habitus of living Stegodyphus, photographs. A–C Stegodyphus lineatus A adult female from Hurghada, Egypt B adult female from Negev desert, Israel (photo by Rudolf Macek) C adult female from Shoam, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) D juvenile Stegodyphus tibialis feeding on their mother, Dali, China (photo by Yang Zi-Zhong) E Stegodyphus mimosarum, male (black arrow), females and a kleptoparasite Archeodictyna (white arrow) F Stegodyphus mimosarum, mass attack on a carabid G a female Stegodyphus dumicola feeding her offsprings H a pompilid wasp larva feeds on a female Stegodyphus dumicola (photos E–H by Teresa Meikle) I Stegodyphus sp. female from ShweSettaw Wildlife Reservation, Myanmar (photo by Dong Lin).
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 88.A–F Stegodyphus mimosarum male from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets. A Overview B Right ALS C Left PMS D Right PLS E Detail of modified spigot on right PLS F Vestigial cribellum. AC aciniform gland spigot ALS anterior lateral spinneret CR cribellum MAP major ampullate gland spigot mAP minor ampullate gland spigot MS modified spigot PI piriform gland spigot PLS posterior lateral spinneret PMS posterior median spinneret t tartipore.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 37.A–F Dresserus sp., scanning electron micrographs. A, C female from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025747, CAS) D, F female from Klein Kariba, South Africa (CASENT 9025745, CAS) A detail of spigots on right ALS B detail of spigots on anterior part of PMS C detail of spigots on anterior part of right PMS D epigynum, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view F detail of pores on right spermathecal head. AC aciniform gland spigot CD copulatory duct CY cylindrical gland spigot FD fertilization duct MAP major ampullate gland spigot mAP minor ampullate gland spigot PI piriform gland spigot S spermatheca SH spermathecal head t tartipore.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 34.A–F Dresserus sp. A–E male from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025746, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of right palp, images reversed to appear as left palp F female from Klein Kariba, South Africa (CASENT 9025745, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of left chelicera A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D apical view E palpal tibia, dorsal view F distal part of chelicerae showing fang and teeth. C conductor E embolus T tegulum.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 25.A–F Adonea fimbriata, scanning electron micrographs. A–C male from Algeria-Morocco (MR012, MR) D–F female from Mehav Am village, Israel (MR003, MR) A–C spinnerets and vestigial cribellum. D–F legs of female A detail of spigots on right male ALS B vestigial cribellum C detail of vestigial cribellum D trichobothrium, left metatarsus I E calamistrum, right metatarsus IV F detail, calamistrum seta, right metatarsus IV. MAP major ampullate gland spigot.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 36.A–F Dresserus sp., female from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025747, CAS), scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets. A overview B left ALS C right PMS D detail, cylindrical gland spigots on right PMS E left PLS F cribellum. AC aciniform gland spigot ALS anterior lateral spinneret CR cribellum CY cylindrical gland spigot MAP major ampullate gland spigot mAP minor ampullate gland spigot MS modified spigot PI piriform gland spigot PLS posterior lateral spinneret PMS posterior median spinneret.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 4.A–L Retreats, webs, and habitus of living Eresidae, photographs. A Adonea fimbriata retreat on the ground from Sede Boqer, Israel (photo by Efrat Gavish-Regev) B Dresserus sp. retreat in the grass (photo by Charles Haddad) C Eresus walckenaeri retreat of juvenile from Ioannina, Greece (photo by Siegfried Huber) D–E Gandanameno sp. from west of Helmeringhausen Namibia (photos by Martin Forman) D Retreat on Acacia E female, with egg sac and various prey remnants F Gandanameno sp. femalefrom Amanzi Game Reserve, South Africa (photo by Tamás Szűts) G, H Seothyra sp. from Namibia G retreat under sand, showing the antelope track pattern H specimen and the exposed retreat (photos E–H, J, L by Teresa Meikle) I Loureedia annulipes, burrow from Sede Boqer, Israel (photo by Efrat Gavish-Regev) J–L Stegodyphus retreats J Stegodyphus dumicola from Spioenkop, South Africa K Stegodyphus lineatus from Tel-Hadid, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) L Stegodyphus mimosarum from Spioenkop, South Africa.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 11.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted Stegodyphus species. A–D Stegodyphus lineatus E–H Stegodyphus mimosarum I–L Stegodyphus sarasinorum. A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view A illustrates example of median eyes separated on horizontal axis; E illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on vertical axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 15.A–L Left male palpi of eresid species, photomicrographs. A–C Seothyra henscheli from Gobabeb Station, Namibia (SMN 40828, NMN) D, F Stegodyphus lineatus D–E from Negev, Israel (MR) F from Nengrahar, Afghanistan (MR010, MR) G–I Stegodyphus mimosarum from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS) J–L Stegodyphus sarasinorum from 7.5 km E PwintPhyu, Magway Division, Myanmar (CASENT 9019370, CAS) A, D, G, J prolateral view B, E, H, K retrolateral view C, F, I, L expanded palp. BH basal haematodocha MH median haematodocha.
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Jeremy A. Miller, Charles E. Griswold, Nikolaj Scharff, Milan Řezáč, Tamás Szűts, Mohammad Marhabaie
Zookeys
Figure 18.A–L Epigyna of eresid species, photomicrographs. A, D Loureedia annulipes from Wadi Mashash, Negev, Israel (MR019, MR) B, E Paradonea variegata from Steinkopf, Northern Cape, South Africa (ZMB 26964, ZMHB) C, F Seothyra henscheli; C from Kuiseb River, Gobabeb, Namibia (SMN 46627, NMN) F from Sout Rivier, Namibia (CASENT 9039242, CAS) G, J Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR) H, K Stegodyphus mimosarum H from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS) K from Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie, Toliara, Madagascar (CASENT 9012844, CAS) I, L Stegodyphus sarasinorum from 7.5 km E PwintPhyu, Magway Division, Myanmar (CASENT 9019370, CAS) A–C, G–I ventral view D–F, J–L dorsal view, cleared. AL anterior lobe ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.