Ammandra decasperma ist eine in Kolumbien endemische Palmenart. Sie ist die einzige Art der Gattung Ammandra. Das Endosperm der Samen liefert vegetabiles Elfenbein.
Ammandra decasperma ist eine stammlose oder kurzstämmige, einzeln stehende und unbewehrte Palme. Der Stamm ist sehr kurz, ebenso die Internodien, und er wird durch die langen, schlanken Blattscheiden-Fasern verdeckt. Die Blätter sind gefiedert, der Stiel ist aufrecht, lang und schlank. Die Spreite ist glänzend dunkelgrün.
Von den nah verwandten Gattungen der Phytelepheae unterscheidet sich Ammandra durch folgende Merkmalskombination: Die männlichen Blüten besitzen sehr kleine, rundliche Antheren mit sehr kurzen Staubfäden, die an einem eckigen, polyedrischen Receptaculum sitzen.
Die Chromosomenzahl ist unbekannt.
Die Gattung ist in Kolumbien endemisch. Sie kommt nur in den westlichen Küstenregionen in zwei kleinen Teilarealen vor. Sie wächst im Unterwuchs von Wäldern in Gebieten mit hohem und ganzjährigem Niederschlag.
Die Gattung Ammandra wird innerhalb der Familie Arecaceae in die Unterfamilie Ceroxyloideae, Tribus Phytelepheae gestellt. Die Gattung ist monotypisch, sie besteht aus der einzigen Art Ammandra decasperma. Ihre Schwestergruppe ist Aphandra.
In der World Checklist of Selected Plant Families der Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, wird nur die Art Ammandra decasperma anerkannt.[1]
Der Name Ammandra leitet sich von den Wörtern ammos = Sand und aner = Mann ab und bezieht sich darauf, dass die Antheren wie Sandkörner aussehen.
Ammandra decasperma ist eine in Kolumbien endemische Palmenart. Sie ist die einzige Art der Gattung Ammandra. Das Endosperm der Samen liefert vegetabiles Elfenbein.
Ammandra is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in Colombia and Ecuador,[2] where it is endangered. The sole species is Ammandra decasperma, although another species name has been proposed. They are a pinnate-leaved, dioecious palm whose seeds and petioles are used in button and basket making, respectively. It is commonly called ivory palm or cabecita.
Ammandra decasperma grows in multi-headed clusters, the trunks usually remaining underground or prostrate upon it. Despite the negligible trunk size, the leaves reach over 6 m long, slightly arching, on 2 m petioles. The linear leaflets are dark green, 60–90 cm long, and emerge from the rachis in the same plane. In male plants the inflorescence is a long spike covered in short branches of white to yellow flowers, the female's being much shorter and more compact. The round fruit grows in clusters of 3-6 and is covered in pointed warts, each fruit containing six or more kidney shaped seeds.[3]
The type species described by Cook was Ammandra decasperma; a similar population was found being geographically separated and with minor flower differences and was designated A. dasyneura (Burret). In September 2001 Bernal et al. published the discovery of an Ammandra population located between the other two with floral characteristics represented in both groups. They, and other taxonomists since, concluded that the three populations were of a single species (see distribution map).[4]
Separately, the only species in the closely related genus ''Aphandra, Aphandra natalia, was initially described as Ammandra natalia but was later given its own genus.
The genus name translates from Greek to "sand man", because "The stamens are minute and have the appearance of small grains of sand scattered over the surface of the receptacles",[5] and the species epithet derives from two Latin words meaning "ten" and "seed", describing the maximum number of seeds per fruit.
These palms grow in the foothills of the Andes mountains, along Colombia's west coast as well as inland Ecuador up to 450 m in elevation. In either case, they are an understory plant usually receiving only filtered light and nearly year-round rainfall.
Ammandra is not common in cultivation outside its natural range but when grown requires wet and warm conditions resembling the rain forest and will not tolerate full sun when young. It also prefers free-draining, highly organic soil. In Colombia, their large, strong petioles are commonly woven into baskets and other thatched goods, while the large white seeds, commonly called "vegetable ivory", are carved into buttons and trinkets.[4]
Ammandra is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in Colombia and Ecuador, where it is endangered. The sole species is Ammandra decasperma, although another species name has been proposed. They are a pinnate-leaved, dioecious palm whose seeds and petioles are used in button and basket making, respectively. It is commonly called ivory palm or cabecita.
Ammandra es un género monotípico con una única especie: Ammandra decasperma, perteneciente a la familia de las palmeras (Arecaceae). Es originaria de Sudamérica.
La tagua de monte, antá o cabecita, es una palma que se encuentra en las selvas húmedas de las llanuras del Pacífico al occidente de Colombia a menos de 200 msnm entre Buenaventura y el valle medio del río Atrato.
Es una palma solitaria y acaule. Tiene hojas pinnadas de 2 cm de ancho y 10 a 12 cm de longitud con vaina de 1,2 a 1,7 m de largo, muy fibrosa casi en toda su longitud, semejando al peciolo. Peciolo erecto de 1 a 1,2 m de longitud, a veces mayor, 2 a 2,5 cm de diámetro en la base; 45 a 56 pinnas a cada lado; pinnas basales 40 a 49 cm de largo, 1 a 1,5 cm de ancho.
Inflorescencia estaminada con profilo aplanado, carinado, coriáceo; bráctea peduncular de 37 por 6 cm. En el ápice, delgada, carinada, la superficie lisa; pedúnculo 49 cm con 5 brácteas rudimentarias distribuidas hacia el ápice; algunos de los grupos basales separados 2 a 3 cm, el resto más o menos compactos; las cabezuelas de flores de 3 por 3 cm cada cabezuela de 6 a 10 recesptáculos individuales ampliamente angulares o diversamente comprimidos de 1 a 1,5 cm de longitud y anchura. Inflorescencias postiladas en estado fructífero cada una de 30 cm de longitud; bráctea peduncular de 18 cm, carinada.
Los frutos en grupos de 3 a 9, formando cabezuelas de 13 cm diámetro; cada fruto subtenido por una bráctea de 2 cm de ancho y por el periantio persistente con 4 sépalos y 5 a 6 pétalos; con protuberancias leñosas y estilos leñosos de 1 a 3 cm; exocarpio de fibras cortas; mesocarpio con fibras delgadas. Contiene de 7 a 10 semillas, fuertemente comprimidas y de lados aplanados, de 4.5 a 5 cm de largo por 3 a 4 cm de anchura y 2,2 a 3 cm de diámetro, con superficie lisa y obscura; endocarpio óseo, quebradizo rodeando completamente cada semilla, semilla libre del endocarpio, cuneiforme, la cara abaxial redondeada, los lados planos; endosperma homogéneo, embrión lateral cerca de la base. Primer eofilo pinnado.
Ammandra decasperma fue descrita por Orator F. Cook y publicado en Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 17: 218. 1927.[2][3]
Ammandra es un género monotípico con una única especie: Ammandra decasperma, perteneciente a la familia de las palmeras (Arecaceae). Es originaria de Sudamérica.
Ammandra est un genre de palmier de la famille des Arecaceae natif de l'Amérique du Sud. Ce genre contient l'unique espèce suivante :
Sa sous-famille comprend deux autres genres, Phytelephas et Palandra.
Ammandra est un genre de palmier de la famille des Arecaceae natif de l'Amérique du Sud. Ce genre contient l'unique espèce suivante :
Ammandra decaspermaAmmandra is een geslacht uit de palmenfamilie (Arecaceae). Het geslacht telt slechts een soort, die voorkomt in Colombia en Ecuador.
Ammandra is een geslacht uit de palmenfamilie (Arecaceae). Het geslacht telt slechts een soort, die voorkomt in Colombia en Ecuador.
Ammandra O. F. Cook é um género botânico pertencente à família Arecaceae.[1]
Apresenta três espécies:
Ammandra O. F. Cook é um género botânico pertencente à família Arecaceae.
Ammandra decasperma là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Arecaceae. Loài này được O.F.Cook mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1927.[3]
Ammandra decasperma là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Arecaceae. Loài này được O.F.Cook mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1927.
