Hymenocallis coronaria is one of the most magnificent plants in nature. In 1783 William Bartram was the first botanist to observe this species, as the “odoriferous Pancratium fluitans which almost alone possesses the little rocky islets” (W. Bartram 1791). His sighting was at the cataracts of the Savannah River, Augusta, Georgia. Distinguishing features are channeled leaves that may reach over a meter in length, and staminal coronas that are among the largest of the genus, being chalicelike at full anthesis. These characteristics make it highly desirable for cultivation in streams and brooks of our southern gardens.
There has been some confusion in the literature as to the identity of Hymenocallis coronaria (A. E. Radford et al. 1968). However, L. J. Davenport (1990) and G. L. Smith et al. (1990) have confirmed its distinctive characteristics and unique habitat. An interesting discovery by Davenport that H. coronaria seeds sink offers a mechanism for its local dispersion and establishment in favorable environments. Support for its inclusion with H. occidentalis in Traub’s Caroliniana Alliance has been provided by the production of viable F1 hybrids in a greenhouse cross between H. occidentalis (seed parent, 2n = 54) and H. coronaria (pollen parent, 2n = 44). As expected, the hybrids have 2n = 49 (D. B. Joye and G. L. Smith 1993), and after several years are still thriving in the High Point University greenhouse.
Hymenocallis coronaria, commonly known as the Cahaba lily, shoal lily, or shoals spider-lily, is an aquatic, perennial flowering plant species of the genus Hymenocallis. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States, being found only in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and parts of North Carolina.[3][4] Within Alabama, it is known as the Cahaba lily; elsewhere it is known as the Shoal lily or Shoals spider-lily.[5]
Hymenocallis coronaria requires a swift, shallow, water current and direct sunlight to flourish.[6] The plant grows to about 3 feet (0.9 m) tall and develops from a bulb that lodges in cracks in rocky shoals.[7] It blooms from early May to late June.[6] Each fragrant flower blossom opens overnight and lasts for one day. They are visited and possibly pollinated by Paratrea plebeja, commonly known as the plebeian sphinx moth, and Battus philenor, the pipevine swallowtail butterfly.[8]
The plant was first observed in 1783 by William Bartram and described as the "odoriferous Pancratium fluitans which almost alone possesses the little rocky islets". He saw it growing in the Savannah River near Augusta, Georgia.[9]
Hymenocallis coronaria is under consideration for protection under the Endangered Species Act, due to entire populations being wiped out by dam construction.[9] There are only approximately 50 extant populations of Hymenocallis coronaria left, all in the states of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. The three largest remaining populations are located in the Cahaba River in Alabama, the Catawba River in South Carolina, and in the Flint River in Georgia.[8] The Cahaba River has four separate populations, with three within the Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge and one in Buck Creek); the Catawba has one within the Landsford Canal State Park; and the Flint has four, from Yellow Jacket Shoals to Hightower Shoals. Significant populations remain in the Savannah River basin, with three in the main channel and one each in the tributaries of Stevens Creek in South Carolina and the Broad River in Georgia.[8] Efforts are currently underway to establish populations along the Chattahoochee River along the whitewater course in Columbus. The project involves collecting seeds from native stands along a section of Flat Shoals Creek, a tributary to the Chattahoochee. Seeds are collected and germinated, and then grown to establish hardy root systems. After a year they are planted along the river in areas where habitat is prime.[10]
Hymenocallis coronaria, commonly known as the Cahaba lily, shoal lily, or shoals spider-lily, is an aquatic, perennial flowering plant species of the genus Hymenocallis. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States, being found only in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and parts of North Carolina. Within Alabama, it is known as the Cahaba lily; elsewhere it is known as the Shoal lily or Shoals spider-lily.
Hymenocallis coronaria) es una especie de planta bulbosa geófita perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas. Es originaria de Norteamérica.
Es una planta con bulbo globoso, de 4-8 x 3,5-7,5 cm. Hojas caducas. Flores 3-7 (-12), abriendo de forma secuencial, fragantes; el perianto con tubo verde, de 4.5-7.5 (-9) cm, con tépalos ascendentes, verde y blanco, teñido en la base. Tiene un número cromosomático de 2n = 44.
Florece en la primavera tardía - verano. En los bajíos rocosos de piedemonte y en los sistemas fluviales que se encuentran en la línea de caída del agua, a una altitud de 100 - 200 metros, en Alabama, Georgia, Carolina del Sur[1]
Hymenocallis coronaria fue descrita por (Leconte) Kunth y publicado en Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum 5: 855, en el año 1850.[2][3][4]
Hymenocallis: nombre genérico que proviene del griego y significa "membrana hermosa", aludiendo a la corona estaminal que caracteriza al género.
coronaria: epíteto latino que significa "como corona o guirnalda".[5]
Hymenocallis coronaria) es una especie de planta bulbosa geófita perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas. Es originaria de Norteamérica.
Hymenocallis coronaria là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Amaryllidaceae. Loài này được (Leconte) Kunth mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1850.[2]
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Hymenocallis coronaria là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Amaryllidaceae. Loài này được (Leconte) Kunth mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1850.
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