Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868)

Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 12; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10; Vertebrae: 33 - 35

Inhabits moderately flowing waters adjoining sandbars. Stomachs contain bottom detritus.

Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868)

Curimatus dobula Günther, 1868a:243 [type-locality: Río Huallaga].—1868b:479 [Río Huallaga].—Boulenger, 1887b:279 [Ecuador, Canelos].—Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889:423 [reference].—1891:47 [reference].—Boulenger, 1898:426 [Brazil, Rio Juruá].—Pellegrin, 1909:148 [Brazil, Teffe (= Tefé].—Eigenmann, 1910:421 [reference].—Vari, 1989a, tables 2, 3 [assignment to Steindachnerina].

Curimatus nasus Steindachner, 1882:80. pl. 5, fig. 2 [type-locality: Ecuador, Canelos].—Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889:421 [reference].—1891:47 [reference].—Eigenmann, 1910:421 [reference].—Pearson, 1924:27 [Bolivia: Huachi, Rurrenbaque, Iximias, Peña Colorado, Río Bopi, Río Iniqui].—Vari, 1989a, tables 2, 3 [assignment to Steindachnerina].—[not Eigenmann and Kennedy, 1903:510; Bertoni, 1914:9].

Prochilodus stigmaturus Fowler, 1911:494, fig. 1 [type-locality: “Affluent of Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecuador”; see “Remarks”].—Eigenmann, 1920b:16 [Ecuador, Guayaquil (= Guayas) basin; based on Fowler, 1911].—1922:116 [Ecuador, based on Fowler. 1911].—Mago-Leccia, 1972:47 [comments on possible relationships of species].—Fowler, 1975:360 [reference].—Vari and Castro, 1988:777, fig. 1 [transfer from Prochilodontidae to Curimalidae; assignment to Steindachnerina].—Vari, 1989a, tables 2, 3 [assignment to Steindachnerina].

Curimata nosus.—Pearson, 1937:109 [in part, Bolivia, Río Beni;, not Río Paraguay system citation].—Fowler, 1940b:98 [reference].—[not Bertoni, 1939:54].

Curimata nasa.—Eigenmann and Allen, 1942:292 [reference].—Fowler, 1950:288 (literature compilation].—Terrasas-Urquidi, 1970:31 [reference, Bolivia].—Géry, 1972a:99 [Ecuador Río Conambo, tributary to Río Tigre].—[not Ringuelet, 1975:72; Géry et al, 1987:425].

Curimata dobula.—Eigenmann and Allen, 1942:293 [reference].—Fowler, 1942b:208 [reference].—1945:117 [reference].—1950:281 [literature compilation].

Curimata hypostoma.—Eigenmann and Allen, 1942:296 [in part, some specimens from Peru: Río Paranapura, Yurimaguas; Río Huallaga, Yurimaguas].

Curimata hypostoma hastata Allen [in Eigenmann and Allen], 1942:297 [type-locality; Peru: Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez].—Fowler, 1945:116 [reference].—1950:285 [literature compilation].—Vari, 1989a, tables 2, 3 [assignment to Steindachnerina].

Curimata niceforoi Fowler, 1943a:224, figs. 1–3 [type-locality: Colombia, Florencia, Río Orteguasa basin].—1950:288, fig. 346 [literature compilation].—1975:369 [reference].—Vari, 1989a, tables 2, 3 [assignment to Steindachnerina].

Cruxentina hastata.—Fernández-Yépez, 1948:52, fig. 26 [designation as type species of Cruxentina].—Fowler, 1950:368 [reference].

Cruxentina nasa, Fernández-Yépez, 1948:52 [reference].—Böhlke, 1958:107, pl. 7, fig. 2 [Ecuador. Río Vilano].—Ovchynnyk. 1968:250 [Ecuador].— Fowler. 1975:368 [reference].

Cruxentina dobula.—Fernández-Yépez, 1948:53 [reference].—Ovchynnyk, 1968:250 [Ecuador].—Fowler, 1975:367 [reference].

Ichthyoelephas stigmaturus.—Ovchynnyk, 1968:251 [Ecuador, transfer from Prochilodus to Ichthyoelephas].

Curimatus cf. peruanus.—Saul, 1975:113 [Ecuador, Santa Cecilia, Río Aguarico; stomach contents].

Steindachnerina nasa.—Stewart et al., 1987:24 [eastern Ecuador, Río Napo drainage basin].

Steindachnerina stigmaturus.—Vari and Castro, 1988:779 [transfer from Prochilodontidae to Curimalidae; assignment to Steindachnerina].

DIAGNOSIS.—The numerous lobulate fleshy processes on the roof of the mouth, absence of a wide, flattened, prepelvic region of the body, of a distinct spot of dark pigmentation on the basal portion of the middle rays of the dorsal fin, or of a dark midlateral stripe on the body distinguishes Steindachnerina dobula from its congeners.

DESCRIPTION.—Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed. Dorsal profile of head somewhat convex anteriorly, straight or very slightly convex from vertical line through anterior nostril to anterior portion of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of body smoothly curved from rear of head to origin of dorsal fin; straight and posteroventrally slanted at base of dorsal fin, gently convex from base of last dorsal-fin ray to caudal peduncle. Dorsal surface of body with indistinct median keel anterior to dorsal fin, smoothly rounded transversely posterior to fin. Ventral profile of body gently curved from tip of lower jaw to caudal peduncle in smaller specimens, degree of curvature more pronounced in larger individuals, particularly ripe females. Prepelvic region obtusely flattened, with median series of scales posteriorly. Postpelvic region rounded.

Greatest depth of body found in largest specimens, depth 0.29–0.34 [0.30]; snout tip to origin of dorsal fin 0.45–0.49 [0.46]; snout tip to origin of anal fin 0.80–0.86 [0.84]; snout tip to origin of pelvic fin 0.50–0.56 [0.51]; snout tip to anus 0.74–0.78 [0.76]; origin of dorsal fin to hypural joint 0.55–0.60 [0.56]. Margin of dorsal fin straight or slightly convex posteriorly; anteriormost rays two and one-half to three times length of ultimate ray. Pectoral-fin profile obtusely acute; length of pectoral fin 0.17–0.21 [0.17], extends about one-half distance to vertical line through origin of pelvic fin. Pelvic-fin profile acute; length of pelvic fin 0.19–0.24 [0.20], reaches about one-half distance to origin of anal fin. Caudal fin forked. Adipose fin well developed. Anal fin distinctly emarginate, anteriormost branched rays approximately three times length of ultimate ray. Caudal peduncle depth 0.11–0.13 [0.12].

Head obtusely pointed in profile, head length 0.26–0.31 [0.28]; mouth distinctly inferior; portion of buccopharyngeal complex on roof of oral cavity in adults consisting of multiple lobulate fleshy bodies; snout length 0.27–0.33 [0.30]; nostrils very close, anterior circular, posterior crescent-shaped, with aperture partially closed by thin flap of skin separating nares; orbital diameter 0.27–0.32 [0.31]; adipose eyelid present, more developed anteriorly, with broad vertically ovoid opening over center of eye; length of postorbital portion of head 0.40–0.46 [0.43]; gape width 0.27–0.32 [0.21]; interorbital width 0.38–0.43 [0.38].

Pored lateral–line scales to hypural joint 39 to 46 [41]; all scales of lateral line pored, canals in scales straight; 4 to 7 series of scales extend beyond hypural joint onto caudal-fin base; 6½ to 7½ [6½] scales in transverse series from origin of rayed dorsal fin to lateral line; 5 to 6½ [5½] scales in transverse series from lateral line to origin of anal fin.

Dorsal-fin rays ii,9 or iii,9 (when three unbranched rays present, first very short) [iii,9]; anal-fin rays ii,7 or ii,8, or iii,7 (ii,8 rare, when three unbranched rays present, first very short) [iii,7]; pectoral-fin rays 13 to 16; pelvic-fin rays i,7 or i,8 (i,7 rare) [i,8].

Total vertebrae 33 (5), 34 (74), 35 (30).

COLOR IN ALCOHOL.—Overall coloration of specimens retaining guanine on scales silvery, darker and somewhat grayish or purplish on dorsal portions of head and body (Figures 42 to 46). Specimens lacking guanine on scales tan to brown, darker dorsally. Caudal peduncle with variably developed dusky to dark, midlateral spot; ranging in degree of development from diffuse patch limited to peduncle (Figures 44, 45) to a prominent patch extending further anteriorly and to varying degrees posteriorly onto middle rays of caudal fin (Figures 42, 43). Some specimens with intense elongate spot on caudal peduncle that extends to posterior of middle caudal-fin rays. Lower lobe of caudal fin often dusky. Dorsal fin with faint, diffuse, posteriorly slanting band of dark pigmentation in a few individuals.

VARIATION.—As noted under “Color in Alcohol” there is a pronounced degree of variation in the intensity of pigmentation on the midlateral surface of the caudal peduncle in Steindachnerina dobula. Pigmentation in that region ranges from a faint, slightly elongate spot limited to the posterior portion of the caudal peduncle to a very intense dark streak extending across the caudal peduncle and the middle rays of the caudal fin (compare Figures 42 to 45). The degree of development of the pigmentation demonstrates a continuum both in population samples from a single region and in specimens across the geographic range of the species, thus making it an unsuitable feature to subdivide what is herein considered Steindachnerina dobula into two or more species. It is not clear whether the variation is a consequence of different water types, intrapopulational genetic variation, or some other factor.



DISTRIBUTION.—Western portions of the Amazon basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil (Figure 41; see also comments on reported type-locality of Prochilodus stigmaturus under “Remarks” below).

LIFE HISTORY.—Saul (1975:113) reports that in the region of Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, Steindachnerina dobula (cited in that study as Curimatus cf. peruanus) typically occurs in moderately flowing waters adjoining sandbars, and that stomachs of examined specimens contained “bottom detritus.”

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—307 specimens (97, 55.0–163.0).

COLOMBIA. Caqueta: Florencia, Río Orteguasa basin, ANSP 70490, 1 (−72.0, holotype of Curimata niceforoi); USNM 100775, 1 (68.6).

PERU. Río Huallaga, BMNH 1867.6.13.55, 1 (76.3, lectotype of Curimatus dobula); BMNH 1867.6.13:56–57, 2 (80.2–83.5, paralectotypes of Curimatus dobula). Loreto: Río Putomayo system, downstream of El Estrecho, NRM SOK/ 1986296.5416, 1. Río Napo system, upstream of Mazán, NRM uncat., 74. Río Corrientes, Teniente Lopez, NRM SOK/ 1986313.5294, 3 (1, 83.0); NRM SOK/1986313.5368, 9. Rí Paranapura, Yurimaguas, CAS 63191, 4 (formerly IU 17858, in part); USNM 300040, 1. Río Huallaga, Yurimaguas, CAS 65351, 3 (formerly IU 15827); USNM 298397, 2. Amazonas: Río Santiago, La Poza, LACM 39898–5, 2 (78.6–85.1). Río Marañon, LACM 41738–21, 11. Ucayali: Río Ucayali, Masisea, USNM 261517, 34 (10, 68.2–89.3); USNM 298455, 3. USNM 261494, 1 (70.0). Nuevo San Juan near Masisea, USNM 261443, 7. Río Ucayali, Pucallpa, USNM 261487, 1 (74.0); USNM 261415, 1 (105.2); USNM 298378, 5 (86.8–107.8). Río Ucayali, 10 km upstream of Pucallpa, USNM 280452, 1. Río Ucayali, Utuquinia, USNM 300052, 2. Río Neshuya near Pucallpa to Huanuco road, AMNH uncat., 1; USNM 261486, 3. IVITA station, 60 km from Pucallpa along road from Pucallpa to Huanuco, USNM 261473, 1. Bosque Nacional von Humboldt, 86 km from Pucallpa, GC, 1 (81.0). Huanuco: Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, CAS 19881, 1 (111.5, holotype of Curimata hypostoma hastata, formerly IU 17859). Río Pachitea system, USNM 229203, 2 (99.9–105.6). Río Pachitea, Toumavista, USNM 261417, 1 (108.4); USNM 261453, 1; USNM 261476, 5. Quebrada Ayamira, tributary of Río Pachitea, BMNH 1969.11.18.1, 1 (112.3). Madre deDios: Parque Nacional Manú, Pakitza, USNM 295173, 10. Río Tambopata, Puerto Maldonado, USNM 300062, 9 (4, 55.0–74.0).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Rio Mamoré, ~15 km S of Limoquije, AMNH uncat, 3 (55.9–75.6). La Paz: Iximias, USNM 300048, 2 (59.9–84.3, formerly IU 17133, in part); UMMZ 66479, 4 (65.0–88.2, formerly IU 17133, in part). Lower Río Bopi, UMMZ 66500, 3 (84.5–92.0, formerly IU 17135, in part); USNM 298348, 2 (77.3–84.2, formerly IU 17135, in part). Huachi, USNM 298410, 3 (82.8–88.8, formerly IU 17130, in part); UMMZ 66509, 6 (5, 75.8–106.3, formerly IU 17130, in part). Rurrenabaque, UMMZ 66512, 8 (5, 64.8–74.5, formerly IU 17132). San Miguel de Huachi, Río Bopi, USNM 278576, 1. Cochabamba: Villa Tunari, USNM 278573, 3. Villa Tunari, Río Chapare, MZUSP 27810, 5. Río Chapare, USNM 278574, 5. Río Chapare, between Todos Santos and mouth, MZUSP 27820, 4 (57.6–98.4).

ECUADOR. Napo Pastaza: Río Aguarico, at Santa Cecilia, KU 13483, 2 (1, 163.0); KU 13488, 21 (10, 75.8–96.5). Río Vilano, at Río Vilano, USNM 164050, 4 (84.7–100.4). Río Napo, Coca, USNM 300049, 2 (64.7–65.1). Río Payamino, USNM 300047, 5 (58.0–76.5). Canelos, NMW 68900.1, 1 (86.4, lectotype of Curimatus nasus); NMW 68900.2–3, 2 (1, 80.5, paralectotype of Curimatus nasus); NMW 68899.1–2, 2 (85.9–91.1, paralectotypes of Curimatus nasus). Guayas: “Affluent of Chimbo River near Bucay,” ANSP 39104, 1 (104.8, holotype of Prochilodus stigmaturus; see “Remarks” with respect to questions concerning cited locality).

BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Município de Pontes e Lacerda, Rio Branco, tributary of Rio Guaporé, above bridge on BR 364 between Cuiabá and Porto Velho, MZUSP 37421, 8 (3, 121.2–143.3). Acre: Rio Tarauacá, Tarauacá, USNM 267990, 4.

Steindachnerina dobula és una espècie de peix de la família dels curimàtids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.

Steindachnerina dobula es una especie de peces de la familia Curimatidae en el orden de los Characiformes.

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Steindachnerina dobula Steindachnerina generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Curimatidae familian sailkatzen da.

秘魯斯坦達脂鯉，為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目脂鯉亞目無齒脂鯉科的其中一個種，分布於南美洲亞馬遜河西部流域，體長可達16.3公分，棲息在底中層水域，以生活習性不明。