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Aconitum columbianum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names Columbian monkshood or western monkshood.
This wildflower is native to western North America where it grows in riparian and other moist areas, in meadows and coniferous forests. It is found from 600–2,900 metres (2,000–9,500 ft) in elevation.[1]
Aconitum columbianum is a herbaceous perennial that grows from a large tuber like root with a spindle shape.[2][3] The stems can be from 20-300 centimeters tall and be either erect or trailing.[4]
The leaves that are attached to the stems have as many as 7 deep divisions almost reaching the base of the leaf, but most often 3–5 divisions. There most often be about 2 millimeters of leaf tissue between the stem attachment to the leaf and the deepest point of each leaf division.[4] The edges of each leaf segment are toothed or cleft.[2] Each leaf is 5–15 centimeters wide.[4]
The flowering stem can either be a single stem without branches and multiple flowers called raceme or a branched panicle.[2] The flowers are most often blue, but can occasionally be white, cream colored, or white with a blush of blue at the margins of the sepals. The flowers are variable in size and can measure from 18–55 mm from the top of the upright "hood" sepal to the tips of the two downward pointing sepals. The two hanging (pendulous) sepals measure 6–16 mm.[4] The prominent hood is varies in shape from being rounded to conical or even more of a crescent shape and measures 10–34 mm from the base where it inserts into the supporting stem to the top of the hood.[4][2]
The fruits are dry pod-like follicles, 10–20 mm long.[2]
Like other monkshoods (Aconitum species), this plant is poisonous to humans and livestock, although some species have been used to make drugs.[5]
Aconitum columbianum was first scientifically described by Thomas Nuttall in 1838 in A flora of North America by Torrey and Gray.[6] It was described from specimens collected from "springy places on the Oregon, below Wallawallah".[7]
Two subspecies or varieties recognized by Plants of the World Online (POWO) as of 2023:[6]
One other subspecies, Aconitum columbianum ssp. viviparum, is recognized by some botanists or botanical organizations such as Gilkey and Dennis in the Handbook of Northwestern Plants,[2] the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database (PLANTS),[8] and the Flora of North America (FNA).[9] Aconitum columbianum ssp. viviparum differs from the nominate subspecies, A. columbianum var. columbianum, in having bulbils where the leaf stems meet the main stem of the plant (in the leaf axils) and sometimes in place of flowers.[2][9]
Aconitum columbianum grows throughout the western United States, from the west coast through the Rocky Mountains. In addition it is also found in parts of British Columbia and South Dakota. It is also reported to grow in Iowa,[10] Wisconsin, New York, and the Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua.[6]
In 2016 NatureServe evaluated Aconitum columbianum as globally secure (G5). In addition it is evaluated by them as vulnerable at the state level (S3) in Wyoming.[11]
Western monkshood is occasionally grown in gardens for its dramatic dark purple-blue blossoms. It requires a moist and rich soil as well as shade in all but the gentlest of climates.[3]
Aconitum columbianum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names Columbian monkshood or western monkshood.
This wildflower is native to western North America where it grows in riparian and other moist areas, in meadows and coniferous forests. It is found from 600–2,900 metres (2,000–9,500 ft) in elevation.
Aconitum columbianum es una especie de planta de flores perteneciente a la familia Ranunculaceae, se la conoce pupularmente en su lugar de origen como Columbian monkshood o western monkshood. Es nativa del oeste de Norteamérica donde crece en áreas húmedas.
Es una planta perenne con las hojas lobuladas o dentadas con largos tallos y flores muy espaciadas de color azul o púrpura, aunque también pueden ser blancas o amarillentas. Es venenosa.
Aconitum columbianum, fue descrita por Thomas Nuttall y publicado en A Flora of North America: containing . . . 1(1): 34, en el año 1838.[1]
Aconitum: nombre genérico que deriva del griego antiguo akòniton (= "planta venenosa"). De hecho, la planta es conocida por su alta toxicidad desde la antigüedad homérica. Este nombre probablemente indicaba una planta venenosa endémica cuyo hábitat era común entre las rocas escarpadas en algunas zonas de Grecia. Hay dos raíces que se atribuyen a su nombre: akone (= "piedra"), en referencia a su hábitat; y koné (= "matar"), obviamente haciendo referencia a su toxicidad. También fue utilizado como un símbolo negativo (maldición o venganza) en la mitología de los pueblos mediterráneos. Según otras fuentes ( Plinio el Viejo[2]) el nombre Aconitum se deriva de un antiguo puerto en el Mar Negro, llamado "Aconis". El nombre científico actualmente aceptado ( Aconitum ) fue propuesto por Carl von Linne (1707-1778), biólogo y escritor sueco, considerado el padre de la moderna clasificación científica de los organismos vivos, en la publicación de Species Plantarum de 1753.
columbianum: epíteto geográfico que alude a su localización en Columbia.
Aconitum columbianum es una especie de planta de flores perteneciente a la familia Ranunculaceae, se la conoce pupularmente en su lugar de origen como Columbian monkshood o western monkshood. Es nativa del oeste de Norteamérica donde crece en áreas húmedas.
Aconitum columbianum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mao lương. Loài này được Nutt. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.[1]
Aconitum columbianum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mao lương. Loài này được Nutt. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.
Aconitum columbianum A.Gray
Синонимы Ареал
Aconitum columbianum (лат.) — многолетнее травянистое растение, вид рода Борец (Aconitum) семейства Лютиковые (Ranunculaceae).
Естественная область распространения находится на западе Северной Америки.
Растение обитает в хорошо увлажнённых местах, по берегам рек, на лугах, хвойных лесах, на высотах от 600 до 3000 метров над уровнем моря.
Высокое многолетнее растение с тонким прямым или вьющемся, реже лежачим стеблем.
Листья лопастные, глубоко разделённые на 3—5 ромбовидных долей с зубчатыми краями.
Цветки насыщенного синего цвета или фиолетовые, но встречаются растения и с белой или желтоватой окраской цветков. Соцветия образуют редкие кисти. Цветение проходит летом, в июле и августе.
Всё растение ядовито как и другие виды рода Аконит из-за содержащихся в них дитерпеновых алкалоидов.
Вид Aconitum columbianum входит в род Борец (Aconitum) трибы Живокостные (Delphinieae) подсемейства Лютиковые (Ranunculoideae) семейства Лютиковые (Ranunculaceae) порядка Лютикоцветные (Ranunculales).
Близкородственный вид Aconitum noveboracense A.Gray ex Coville (Борец новеборацензе) иногда рассматривается как разновидность Aconitum columbianum subsp. columbianum.
Другие синонимы:
Aconitum columbianum (лат.) — многолетнее травянистое растение, вид рода Борец (Aconitum) семейства Лютиковые (Ranunculaceae).
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