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Afroinsectiphilia ( Limburg )

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De Afroinsectiphilia vörmen 'n klaad van veurnamelik in Afrika woeanendje insektenaeters die is veurgestèldj gewaoren op gróndj van rizzelaote in modern moleculair fylogenetisch óngerzeuk. Van väöl vanne taxa binne dees klaad woort vreuger gedach det ze deil oetmaakdje vanne orde de insektenaeters (Insectivora), mer det is ónwaort gebleke.

De góldmöl en tenreks zeen betrèkkelik zeker lid van dees klaad. Recènter óngerzeuk plaats ouch de elefantsjaermuus en 't aerdverke d'rónger; traditioneel woorte dees betrach es primitief hoofdere. De zöstergroep vanne Afroinsectiphilia is de Paenungulata; die van aadshaer oet ouch es hoofdere woorte gezeen.

Taxonomie

De nag-laevendje Afroinsectiphilia waeren es volg wiejer óngerverdeildj:

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Afroinsectiphilia ( Interlingua )

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Afroinsectiphilia es un no value de Afrotheria.

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Afroinsectiphilia: Brief Summary ( Limburg )

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 src= Tenrec ecaudatus.

De Afroinsectiphilia vörmen 'n klaad van veurnamelik in Afrika woeanendje insektenaeters die is veurgestèldj gewaoren op gróndj van rizzelaote in modern moleculair fylogenetisch óngerzeuk. Van väöl vanne taxa binne dees klaad woort vreuger gedach det ze deil oetmaakdje vanne orde de insektenaeters (Insectivora), mer det is ónwaort gebleke.

De góldmöl en tenreks zeen betrèkkelik zeker lid van dees klaad. Recènter óngerzeuk plaats ouch de elefantsjaermuus en 't aerdverke d'rónger; traditioneel woorte dees betrach es primitief hoofdere. De zöstergroep vanne Afroinsectiphilia is de Paenungulata; die van aadshaer oet ouch es hoofdere woorte gezeen.

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Afroinsectiphilia ( englanti )

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The Afroinsectiphilia (African insectivores) is a clade that has been proposed based on the results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies.[1] Many of the taxa within it were once regarded as part of the order Insectivora, but Insectivora is now considered to be polyphyletic and obsolete. This proposed classification is based on molecular studies only, and there is no morphological evidence for it.[2]

The golden moles, otter shrews and tenrecs are part of this clade. Some also regard the elephant shrews and aardvarks as part of it, although these two orders were traditionally seen as primitive ungulates. The sister group of the Afroinsectiphilia is the Paenungulata, which were also traditionally regarded as ungulates.

If the clade of Afrotheria is genuine, then the Afroinsectiphilia are the closest relatives of the Pseudoungulata (here regarded as part of Afroinsectiphilia) and the Paenungulata. In a classification governed by morphological data, both the Pseudoungulata and Paenungulata are seen as true ungulates, thus not related to Afroinsectiphilia. However, DNA research is thought to provide a more fundamental classification.

Additionally, there might be some dental synapomorphies uniting afroinsectiphilians: p4 talonid and trigonid of similar breadth, a prominent p4 hypoconid, presence of a P4 metacone and absence of parastyles on M1–2. Additional features uniting ptolemaiidans and tubulidentates specifically include hypsodont molars that wear down to a flat surface; a long and shallow mandible with an elongated symphyseal region; and trigonids and talonids that are separated by lateral constrictions.[3][4]

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

Afrotheria Afroinsectiphilia Tubulidentata

OrycteropodidaeAardvark2 (PSF) colourised.png

Afroinsectivora Macroscelidea

MacroscelididaeRhynchocyon chrysopygus-J Smit white background.jpg

Afrosoricida

ChrysochloridaeThe animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization, serving as a foundation for the natural history of animals (Pl. 18) (Chrysochloris asiatica).jpg

Tenrecomorpha

PotamogalidaePotamogale velox illustration.jpg

TenrecidaeBrehms Thierleben - Allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs (1876) (Tenrec ecaudatus).jpg

Paenungulata Hyracoidea

ProcaviidaeDendrohyraxEminiSmit white background.jpg

Tethytheria Proboscidea

ElephantidaeElephas africanus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - (white background).jpg

Sirenia

DugongidaeDugong dugon Hardwicke white background.jpg

TrichechidaeManatee white background.jpg

A cladogram of Afrotheria based on molecular evidence[6]

References

  1. ^ Asher, R. J.; Bennett, N.; Lehmann, T. (2009-07-06). "The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution". BioEssays. 31 (8): 853–864. doi:10.1002/bies.200900053. PMID 19582725.
  2. ^ Rose, Kenneth David; Archibald, J. David (2005). The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades. JHU Press. p. 65. ISBN 0-8018-8022-X.
  3. ^ Cote S, Werdelin L, Seiffert ER, Barry JC (March 2007). "Additional material of the enigmatic Early Miocene mammal Kelba and its relationship to the order Ptolemaiida". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104 (13): 5510–5. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.5510C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700441104. PMC 1838468. PMID 17372202.
  4. ^ Seiffert, Erik R (2007). "A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 224. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224. PMC 2248600. PMID 17999766.
  5. ^ Buckley, Michael (2013). "A Molecular Phylogeny of Plesiorycteropus Reassigns the Extinct Mammalian Order 'Bibymalagasia'". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e59614. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859614B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059614. PMC 3608660. PMID 23555726.
  6. ^ Tabuce, R.; Asher, R. J.; Lehmann, T. (2008). "Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data" (PDF). Mammalia. 72: 2–14. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2008.004. S2CID 46133294.
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Afroinsectiphilia: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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The Afroinsectiphilia (African insectivores) is a clade that has been proposed based on the results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Many of the taxa within it were once regarded as part of the order Insectivora, but Insectivora is now considered to be polyphyletic and obsolete. This proposed classification is based on molecular studies only, and there is no morphological evidence for it.

The golden moles, otter shrews and tenrecs are part of this clade. Some also regard the elephant shrews and aardvarks as part of it, although these two orders were traditionally seen as primitive ungulates. The sister group of the Afroinsectiphilia is the Paenungulata, which were also traditionally regarded as ungulates.

If the clade of Afrotheria is genuine, then the Afroinsectiphilia are the closest relatives of the Pseudoungulata (here regarded as part of Afroinsectiphilia) and the Paenungulata. In a classification governed by morphological data, both the Pseudoungulata and Paenungulata are seen as true ungulates, thus not related to Afroinsectiphilia. However, DNA research is thought to provide a more fundamental classification.

Additionally, there might be some dental synapomorphies uniting afroinsectiphilians: p4 talonid and trigonid of similar breadth, a prominent p4 hypoconid, presence of a P4 metacone and absence of parastyles on M1–2. Additional features uniting ptolemaiidans and tubulidentates specifically include hypsodont molars that wear down to a flat surface; a long and shallow mandible with an elongated symphyseal region; and trigonids and talonids that are separated by lateral constrictions.

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Afroinsectiphilia ( kastilia )

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Afroinsectiphilia es un clado de mamíferos placentarios insectívoros que incluye a los órdenes Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, Tubulidentata y usualmente se incluyen dos extintos Ptolemaiida y Bibymalagasia. [1]

El clado esta respaldado por los análisis moleculares y como sinapomorfia comparten similitudes dentales únicas.[2][3]​ Tradionalmente se consideraba que los macroscelideos y tubulidentados estaban relacionados con el origen de los ungulados, pero los análisis moleculares han demostrado que los ungulados son un grupo polifilético. Con antigüedad los afrosoricidos y macroscelideos fueron agrupados en los órdenes Insectivora y Lipotyphla que resultaron ser polifiléticos.

Clasificación

Filogenia

Esta es la filogenia de acuerdo a con los análisis genéticos:[4]

Afrotheria Afroinsectiphilia

Tubulidentata

Afroinsectivora

Macroscelidea

   

Afrosoricida

      Paenungulata

Hyracoidea

Tethytheria

Sirenia

   

Proboscidea

       

Referencias

  1. Asher, R. J.; Bennett, N.; Lehmann, T. (6 de julio de 2009). «The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution». BioEssays 31 (8): 853-864. PMID 19582725. doi:10.1002/bies.200900053.
  2. Cote S, Werdelin L, Seiffert ER, Barry JC (March 2007). «Additional material of the enigmatic Early Miocene mammal Kelba and its relationship to the order Ptolemaiida». Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 (13): 5510-5. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.5510C. PMC 1838468. PMID 17372202. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700441104.
  3. Seiffert, Erik R (2007). «A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence». BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 (1): 224. PMC 2248600. PMID 17999766. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224.
  4. Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Oliveros, Carl H.; Swanson, Mark T.; Faircloth, Brant C. (26 de agosto de 2017). «Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements». Genome Biology and Evolution 9 (9): 2308-2321. PMC 5604124. PMID 28934378. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx168.
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Afroinsectiphilia: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Afroinsectiphilia es un clado de mamíferos placentarios insectívoros que incluye a los órdenes Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, Tubulidentata y usualmente se incluyen dos extintos Ptolemaiida y Bibymalagasia. ​

El clado esta respaldado por los análisis moleculares y como sinapomorfia comparten similitudes dentales únicas.​​ Tradionalmente se consideraba que los macroscelideos y tubulidentados estaban relacionados con el origen de los ungulados, pero los análisis moleculares han demostrado que los ungulados son un grupo polifilético. Con antigüedad los afrosoricidos y macroscelideos fueron agrupados en los órdenes Insectivora y Lipotyphla que resultaron ser polifiléticos.

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