Agonis flexuosa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sweet

Agonis flexuosa, coneguda popularment com a "Menta australiana", és una espècie de planta de la família de les Mirtàcies que es distribueix pel sud-oest d'Austràlia Occidental. És una de les espècies més comunes d'Agonis i un dels arbres més recognoscibles d'Austràlia Occidental, creixent normalment a parcs i a les vores de les carreteres de Perth i Bremer Bay. Es troba sobre dunes de sorra costaneres, a la sorra blanca o grisa, sòls sorrencs, laterites i pedra calcària, i a afloraments de granit.

És un arbre que oscil·la entre els 10 i 15 m d'alçada. Presenta una escorça fibrosa, bruna, amb fulles llargues de color verd fosc opac. Presenta unes inflorescències agrupades de petites flors blanques amb eixos, les quals creixen entre agost i desembre. Aquest arbre té una notable similitud a l'espècie Salix babylonica. Una de les característiques més cridaneres d'A.flexuosa és la forta olor de menta que desprenen les seves fulles trencades o aixafades.

Referències

Bibliografia

• Boland, D. J. et al.. Forest Trees of Australia (Fourth edition revised and enlarged). Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 1984. ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
• Blackall, W. E. and Grieve, B. J.. How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers, Part 3A. 2a ed.. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press, 1980. ISBN 0-85564-160-6.
• Powell, Robert. Leaf and Branch: Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management, 1990. ISBN 0-7309-3916-2.

Enllaços externs

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Agonis flexuosa Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.

Agonis flexuosa ist eine Pflanzenart in der Familie der Myrtengewächse aus dem westlichen und südlichen Australien.

Beschreibung

Agonis flexuosa oder die Weidenmyrte, der Pfefferminzbaum, wächst als immergrüner, kleinere Strauch oder als, öfters mehrstämmiger, Baum mit hängenden Zweigen bis über 10 Meter hoch. Der kurze Stamm erreicht über 1 Meter und ist im Alter oft geriffelt und verdreht. Die braune, grobe, rissig-furchige Borke ist faserig und teils in Streifen abblätternd.

Die älteren, einfachen, hängenden Laubblätter sind wechselständig und kurz gestielt. Sie sind bis zu 12–14 Zentimeter lang, ganzrandig, schmal eilanzettlich bis lanzettlich und spitz. Die zerdrückten, ölzellenbesetzten Blätter riechen nach Pfefferminze.

Die achselständigen Blütenstände sind dichte Knäuel mit einigen Blüten. Die kleinen, weißen, zwittrigen, fünfzähligen Blüten mit doppelter Blütenhülle sind sitzend und jeweils von Deckblättern begleitet. Die kleinen Kelchzipfel sind weich behaart, wie auch der kleine Blütenbecher. Die ausladenden Kronblätter sind kurz genagelt. Es sind bis zu 25 sehr kurze, feine Staubblätter vorhanden. Der dreikammerige Fruchtknoten ist unterständig mit kurzem Griffel. Es ist ein Diskus vorhanden.

Es werden kleine, holzige und vielsamige Kapselfrüchte mit drei Klappen an der Spitze gebildet. Die kleinen Samen sind kurz geflügelt.

Verwendung

Das schöne, schwere Holz, Edelholz, ist begehrt, da es schön gemasert ist, es ist violett-rosa bis rötlich. Vor allem das schöne Maserholz ist gesucht.

Literatur

• Charles R. Hatch: Trees of the California Landscape. University of California Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-520-25124-3, S. 140.
• D. J. Boland, M. I. H. Brooker, G. M. Chippendale u. a.: Forest Trees of Australia. Fifth Edition, CSIRO, 2006, ISBN 0-643-06969-0, S. 198 f.

Weblinks

• Agonis flexuosa bei Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER).
• Agonis flexuosa bei VicFlora – Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria.
• Agonis flexuosa bei Australian National Botanic Gardens (Illustration).

Agonis flexuosa is a species of tree that grows in the southwest of Western Australia. It is easily the most common of the Agonis species, and is one of the most recognisable trees of Western Australia, being commonly grown in parks and on road verges in Perth.

The species is commonly known as Western Australian peppermint, Swan River peppermint or peppermint, and willow myrtle for its weeping habit.

The Noongar peoples know the tree as Wanil, Wonnow, Wonong^[1] or Wannang.^[2]

Description

Agonis flexuosa occurs mainly as a small and robust tree, usually less than 10 metres tall, although it may grow to 15 metres. It has fibrous brown bark, long narrow dull-green leaves, and tightly clustered inflorescences of small white flowers in the axes. It grows in a weeping habit, and looks remarkably like the weeping willow from a distance. Leaves are narrow and reach a length of 150mm. It is most readily identified by the powerful odour of peppermint emitted when the leaves are crushed or torn.

It flowers between August and December. The fruit is a hard capsule, 3 – 4 mm across, with three valves containing many small seeds.^[3]

Taxonomy

The genus name Agonis comes from the Greek agon, "a cluster", referring to the arrangement of the fruits. The species name flexuosa is Latin for "full of bends", referring to the zig-zag course of the stem, which changes direction at each leaf node. It was originally placed in the genus Leptospermum by Sprengel in 1819, but Schauer placed it in Agonis in 1844.

The two recognised varieties are,^[4]

• Agonis flexuosa var. flexuosa, found in coastal areas of the Southwest, common.
• Agonis flexuosa var. latifolia, range from west of Walpole to Cheyne Beach, and also found at the Stirling Range.

Horticultural variants are probably derived from the widespread population, growing as shrubs or trees and perhaps being flowerless. Some commercially produced cultivars include Agonis ‘Belbra Gold’ and Agonis ‘Fairy Foliage’.^[4] The cultivar Agonis 'Nana' is a dwarf form that is commonly seen in Perth as a hedge.

Distribution and habitat

Agonis flexuosa occurs in a subcoastal strip from just north of Perth, southward through the Swan Coastal Plain, then along the coast to outlying records east of Bremer Bay (34°23'S).

The habitat includes limestone heath, stable dunes, and sandy soils; usually inland from the coastline, and it also grows as an understorey plant in Tuart forest.^[3]

Cultivation

The tree is used in mass plantings, such as street trees, and has been introduced to Rottnest and Garden Islands near its native region. Agonis flexuosa is an attractive garden or specimen tree in temperate climates. However, care must be exercised in selecting it for small areas, as in a yard setting. Quick growing, the tree produces a large amount of detritus and its trunk sometimes becomes large and disproportionate to the rest of the tree.

Typically, there are few species that grow under A. flexuosa trees, as the leaf litter can suppress understorey species.

A. flexuosa and var. nana respond well to pruning and they are often pruned back to the main trunk to promote new growth and to keep a tidy and dense canopy. Without pruning, the canopy can become thin. The species, in some circumstances — such as when grown on rocky, terraced terrain — can grow buttress roots, but seldom does in flat, sandy areas. A. flexuosa trees can also have a twist or spiral effect in the bark of their main trunks that increases with age, usually evident in seedlings.

It is not a species that is used for bonsai.

Uses

The Noongar peoples used the plant leaves as an antiseptic; sapling trunks were used as spear shafts and digging sticks.^[2]

References

• "Agonis flexuosa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
• Boland, D. J.; et al. (1984). Forest Trees of Australia (Fourth edition revised and enlarged). Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
• Blackall, W. E.; Grieve, B. J. (1980). How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers, Part 3A (2nd ed.). Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-160-6.
• Powell, Robert (1990). Leaf and Branch: Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management. ISBN 0-7309-3916-2.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agonis_flexuosa&oldid=1159014615"

Agonis flexuosa, comúnmente conocido como menta de Australia Occidental, árbol menta y mirto sauce, es una especie botánica de árbol que crece en el suroeste de Australia Occidental. Es una de las especies más comunes de Agonis y uno de los más reconocibles árboles de Australia Occidental, creciendo comúnmente en parques y en las orillas de las carreteras de Perth, y Bremer Bay (34°23'S).

Descripción

A. flexuosa es un árbol que oscila entre los 10 y 15 m de altura. Presenta una corteza fibrosa, parda, con hojas largas de color verde oscuro opaco. También este árbol presenta inflorescencias agrupadas de pequeñas flores blancas en los ejes, las cuales crecen entre agosto y diciembre. Este árbol crece en un hábito llorón, con una notable similitud a Salix babylonica.

Una de las características más llamativas del A.flexuosa es el fuerte olor a menta que desprenden las hojas rotas o aplastadas del mismo.

Etimología

El nombre del género "Agonis" viene del griego agon (grupo), en referencia a la disposición de los frutos de la especie. El nombre de la especie "flexuosa" viene del latín (llena de curvas), en referencia al curso del tallo en forma de zig-zag, que cambia de dirección a cada nodo de hoja. En un principio Sprengel colocó esta planta en el género Leptospermum en 1819, aunque Schauer posteriormente lo reubicó en Agonis en 1844.

Variedades

De esta planta hay dos variedades conocidas:

• Agonis flexuosa var. flexuosa.
• Agonis flexuosa var. latifolia.

De esta última el cultivar Agonis flexuosa 'Nana' es una forma enana que es comúnmente vista en Perth para setos.

Variedades y Sinonimia

• Metrosideros flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd., Enum. Pl.: 514 (1809).
• Leptospermum flexuosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng., Novi Provent.: 25 (1818).
• Billottia flexuosa (Muhl. ex Willd.) R.Br., J. Roy. Geogr. Soc. 1: 19 (1832).

var. flexuosa. Del oeste de Australia.

• Leptospermum resiniferum Bertol., Opusc. Sci. 1: 148 (1817).
• Leptospermum glomeratum H.L.Wendl., Flora 2: 678 (1819).
• Billottia flexuosa var. angustifolia Otto & A.Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeitung 9: 218 (1841).

var. latifolia (Otto & A.Dietr.) Schauer in J.G.C.Lehmann, Pl. Preiss. 1: 117 (1845). Del oeste de Australia.

• Billottia flexuosa var. latifolia Otto & A.Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeitung 9: 218 (1841).^[1]​

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Boland, D. J. et al. (1984). Forest Trees of Australia (Fourth edition revised and enlarged). Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
• Blackall, W. E. and Grieve, B. J. (1980). How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers, Part 3A (2nd ed. edición). Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-160-6.
• Powell, Robert (1990). Leaf and Branch: Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management. ISBN 0-7309-3916-2.

Agonis flexuosa adalah sebuah spesies pohon yang tumbuh di barat daya Australia Barat. Tumbuhan tersebut merupakan spesies Agonis paling umum, dan salah satu pohon paling dikenal di Australia Barat, yang umum ditanam di taman-taman dan pinggiran jalan di Perth.

Referensi

• "Agonis flexuosa". FloraBase. Departemen Lingkungan dan Konservasi, Pemerintah Australia Barat.
• Boland, D. J.; et al. (1984). Forest Trees of Australia (Fourth edition revised and enlarged). Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
• Blackall, W. E.; Grieve, B. J. (1980). How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers, Part 3A (edisi ke-2nd). Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-160-6.
• Powell, Robert (1990). Leaf and Branch: Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management. ISBN 0-7309-3916-2.

Agonis flexuosa là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sweet mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1830.^[1]

Hình ảnh

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Chú thích

Liên kết ngoài

• Phương tiện liên quan tới Agonis flexuosa tại Wikimedia Commons
• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Agonis flexuosa tại Wikispecies
• Vườn thực vật hoàng gia Kew; Đại học Harvard; Australian Plant Name Index (biên tập). “Agonis flexuosa”. International Plant Names Index. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 2013.