Associations
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Animal / associate
larva of Fannia canicularis is associated with nest of Vespula
Animal / associate
larva of Fannia scalaris is associated with nest of Vespula
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
solitary larva of Leopoldius brevirostris is endoparasitoid of adult of Vespula
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
solitary larva of Leopoldius signatus is endoparasitoid of adult of Vespula
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Plant / pollenated
adult of Vespula pollenates or fertilises flower of Epipactis helleborine
Plant / pollenated
adult of Vespula pollenates or fertilises flower of Epipactis purpurata
Other: major host/prey
Plant / pollenated
adult of Vespula pollenates or fertilises flower of Epipactis leptochila
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: unusual host/prey
Plant / pollenated
adult of Vespula pollenates or fertilises flower of Epipactis atrorubens
Plant / pollenated
adult of Vespula pollenates or fertilises live flower of Epipogium aphyllum
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Volvariella bombycina is saprobic on paper of nest (occupied) of Vespula
Other: unusual host/prey
Distribution
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut EOL authors
Yellowjackets occur worldwide. They are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, and are especially common in the southeastern United States.
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Habitat
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut EOL authors
Nest locations include lawns, the base of trees or shrubs, and sometimes attics or wall voids of houses or storage buildings.
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Life Cycle
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut EOL authors
Yellowjackets are social wasps - this means that they live colonially in hives or in wasp communities. In contrast, solitary wasps build and live in individual nests rather than in a hive or with a colony of wasps. A queen emerges in the spring and begins constructing her nest of paper, often times underground. She lays a single egg in each cell; larvae hatch a few days later. After she has produced enough workers to take over nest-building and foraging, the queen remains inside to reproduce. A full-size nest exists in the fall, with between 600 and 800 workers. In the late summer, males and future queens are produced; they leave the nest to mate. After mating the male dies and future queens overwinter alone in protected places like under tree bark, in old stumps, and sometimes attics. Nests are not reused the following year.
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- National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) at http://www.nbii.gov
Brief Summary
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut EOL authors
Yellowjackets (Vespula spp., Dolichovespula spp.) are so named for their distinctive yellow and black markings. They are relatively hairless, with wings that are often a translucent golden-tan color. Yellowjackets are house fly-sized, ranging from 12-25 mm. They are common worldwide, and are particularly abundant in the southeastern United States. Yellowjackets are carnivorous, primarily feeding on other insects like flies and bees, but also on fruits, picnic fare, carrion, and the nectar of some flowers.
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Pollinator
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut EOL authors
Although not known for their pollination services - they lack pollen carrying structures such as pollen baskets and are relatively hairless - yellowjackets do indeed act as pollinators. An interesting relationship exists between yellowjackets and the broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine), an orchid native to Europe but introduced in the eastern United States. The yellowjacket lands on the labellum (the showy, lowest petal) and drinks nectar. While doing so, it bumps its head on the anther and pollen becomes glued to the yellowjacket's head. To prevent the yellowjacket from grooming itself and potentially causing the pollen to become dislodged, some of this plant's nectar is converted to ethanol. This causes the yellowjacket to become intoxicated and to behave sluggishly. While in this state, the yellowjacket is less likely to groom itself and thus leaves the pollen on its head. During its next floral visit, the yellowjacket inadvertently deposits pollen onto the flower, thereby pollinating it. Yellowjackets have also been known to nectar from, and likely pollinate, common rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), squash (Cucurbita spp.), common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), field garlic (Allium oleraceum), and field pussytoes (Antennaria neglecta).
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Vespula
(
asturia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia AST
Vespula ye un xéneru de viéspores sociales d'amplia distribución nel hemisferiu norte que cunta con solo ventitrés especies. Xunto col taxón rellacionáu, Dolichovespula, suel llamase coleutivamente pol nome común de viéspora común. Les especies de Vespula tienen un espaciu óculo-malar curtiu (ver figura) y unu enclín más pronunciada a faer niales soterraños que les del xéneru Dolichovespula.[1] Pertenecen a la familia Vespidae.
Especies destacaes
-
Vespula maculifrons y Vespula pensylvanica son comunes en Norteamérica.
Llista d'especies
-
Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918) –[2]
-
Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870[3]
-
Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929)
-
Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918)
-
Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799)
-
Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula flavopilosa Jakobson, 1978
-
Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) – chaqueta mariella
-
Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991
-
Vespula infernalis (de Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
-
Vespula entemedia (du Buysson, 1904–05)
-
Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
-
Vespula koreensis (Rad., 1887)
-
Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905)
-
Vespula nursei Archer, 1981
-
Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
-
Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857)
-
Vespula ablonda (Linnaeus, 1758)
-
Vespula rufosignata Eck, 1998
-
Vespula shidai Ish., Yam., Wagn., 1980
-
Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770)
-
Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula vidua (de Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – aviespa común
Detalle de la cabeza de Vespula vulgaris.
Referencies
- lisenssi
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- tekijänoikeus
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Vespula: Brief Summary
(
asturia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia AST
Vespula ye un xéneru de viéspores sociales d'amplia distribución nel hemisferiu norte que cunta con solo ventitrés especies. Xunto col taxón rellacionáu, Dolichovespula, suel llamase coleutivamente pol nome común de viéspora común. Les especies de Vespula tienen un espaciu óculo-malar curtiu (ver figura) y unu enclín más pronunciada a faer niales soterraños que les del xéneru Dolichovespula. Pertenecen a la familia Vespidae.
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Kurzkopfwespen
(
saksa
)
tarjonnut wikipedia DE
Die Kurzkopfwespen (Vespula) sind eine Gattung aus der Familie der Faltenwespen (Vespidae). Sie umfasst mit der Gemeinen Wespe (Vespula vulgaris) und der Deutschen Wespe (Vespula germanica) wohl deren bekannteste Arten. Kurzkopfwespen zählen, neben den ähnlichen Langkopfwespen (Dolichovespula) und den Hornissen (Vespa), zu den Echten Wespen (Vespinae).
Merkmale
Kurzkopfwespen unterscheiden sich von den ähnlichen Langkopfwespen (Dolichovespula) dadurch, dass der Abstand zwischen dem unteren Augenrand und dem Ansatz der Mandibeln gering ist. Die Mandibeln lenken somit unmittelbar unterhalb der Facettenaugen ein, wodurch die Wangen nahezu komplett fehlen.
Verbreitung
Weltweit sind 26 Arten bekannt, die hauptsächlich in der Holarktis und Orientalis verbreitet sind. 13 Arten kommen in Nordamerika vor[1], in Europa sind es 4.[2]
Arten (Europa)
Literatur
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ Matthias Buck, Stephen A. Marshall, David K.B. Cheung: Identification Atlas of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) of the northeastern Nearctic region. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 5, Februar 2008, S. 492ff. online: [1]
-
↑ Vespula Thomson 1869. Fauna Europaea, abgerufen am 13. Oktober 2009.
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Kurzkopfwespen: Brief Summary
(
saksa
)
tarjonnut wikipedia DE
Die Kurzkopfwespen (Vespula) sind eine Gattung aus der Familie der Faltenwespen (Vespidae). Sie umfasst mit der Gemeinen Wespe (Vespula vulgaris) und der Deutschen Wespe (Vespula germanica) wohl deren bekannteste Arten. Kurzkopfwespen zählen, neben den ähnlichen Langkopfwespen (Dolichovespula) und den Hornissen (Vespa), zu den Echten Wespen (Vespinae).
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Vespula
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut wikipedia EN
Vespula is a small genus of social wasps, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Along with members of their sister genus Dolichovespula, they are collectively known by the common name yellowjackets (or yellow jackets) in North America. Vespula species have a shorter oculomalar space (shown in the figure below right) and a more pronounced tendency to nest underground than Dolichovespula.
Notable species
- While most species of this genus inhabit North America, four Vespula species inhabit Europe, namely V. austriaca, V. germanica, V. rufa, and V. vulgaris.
- Two common European species, the German wasp (V. germanica) and the common wasp (V. vulgaris), have established in other countries; both species are now found in New Zealand, Australia, and South America, while the former has also been introduced in North America, and the latter in Southern Africa.
- The eastern yellowjacket (V. maculifrons) and western yellowjacket (V. pensylvanica) are native to North America.
Illustration showing oculomalar space
Species
-
Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918) – forest yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870 – common yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929)
-
Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918) – prairie yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799) – red cuckoo wasp
-
Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854) – blackjacket[2]
-
Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula flavopilosa Jacobson, 1978 – downy yellowjacket[3][2]
-
Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) – German wasp, German yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991
-
Vespula infernalis (Saussure, 1854) – cuckoo yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
-
Vespula intermedia (Buysson, 1904–05) – northern red-banded yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
-
Vespula koreensis (Rad., 1887)
-
Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905) – eastern yellowjacket
-
Vespula nursei (Archer, 1981)
-
Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
-
Vespula orientalis (Linnaeus, 1771) - oriental hornet
-
Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857) – western yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) – red wasp
-
Vespula rufosignata (Eck, 1998)
-
Vespula shidai (Ish., Yam., Wagn., 1980)
-
Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770) – southern yellowjacket
-
Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854) – California yellowjacket[2]
-
Vespula vidua (Saussure, 1854)[2]
-
Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – common wasp
See also:
Venom
The venom of Vespula is mostly composed of antigen 5, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase.[King et al 1983 1]
Immunology
A high degree of similarity occurs between immunogenic fractions of different Vespula species.[King et al 1983 2][King et al 1983 3] Rabbit serum antibodies are unable to distinguish between them.[King et al 1983 2][King et al 1983 3]
References
-
^ p. 306, "Yellowjacket venom consists mainly of three proteins: antigen 5, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase."
-
^ a b p. 307, "The venom phospholipases isolated from the three species of yellowjackets in this report were found to be immunochemically indistinguishable from each other using sera from rabbits immunized with venom from a single species of yellowjacket. Similar findings were obtained with antigen 5."
-
^ a b p. 304, "Identical concentrations of phospholipase-specific antibodies were obtained with immunosorbents containing phospholipase from any of the three species of yellowjackets. This was also the case for antigen 5-specific antibodies. ... The above results indicate that antigen 5s as well as phospholipases from these three species of yellowjackets are antigenically indistinguishable. The findings were confirmed by immunodiffusion. Lines of identity were observed when antigen 5s, or phospholipases, from the three species of yellowjackets were tested with rabbit anti-serum specific for V. maculifrons venom (results not shown)."
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Vespula: Brief Summary
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut wikipedia EN
Vespula is a small genus of social wasps, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Along with members of their sister genus Dolichovespula, they are collectively known by the common name yellowjackets (or yellow jackets) in North America. Vespula species have a shorter oculomalar space (shown in the figure below right) and a more pronounced tendency to nest underground than Dolichovespula.
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Vespula
(
kastilia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia ES
Vespula es un género de avispas sociales de amplia distribución en el hemisferio norte que cuenta con solo veinticuatro especies. Junto con el taxón relacionado, Dolichovespula, se las suele llamar colectivamente por el nombre común de avispa común (o, en Norteamérica, chaqueta amarilla). Las especies de Vespula tienen un espacio óculo-malar corto y una tendencia más pronunciada a hacer nidos subterráneos que las del género Dolichovespula.[1]
Especies destacadas
Lista de especies
-
Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918) –[2]
-
Vespula akrei Landolt, 2010
-
Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870[3]
-
Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929)
-
Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918)[2]
-
Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799)
-
Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854)[2]
-
Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula flavopilosa Jakobson, 1978[2]
-
Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) – chaqueta amarilla[2]
-
Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991
-
Vespula infernalis (de Saussure, 1854)[2]
-
Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
-
Vespula intermedia (du Buysson, 1904–05)[2]
-
Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
-
Vespula koreensis (Rad., 1887)
-
Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905)
-
Vespula nursei Archer, 1981
-
Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
-
Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857)[2]
-
Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
-
Vespula rufosignata Eck, 1998
-
Vespula shidai Ish., Yam., Wagn., 1980
-
Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770)
-
Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854)[2]
-
Vespula vidua (de Saussure, 1854)[2]
-
Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – avispa común
Referencias
- lisenssi
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- tekijänoikeus
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Vespula: Brief Summary
(
kastilia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia ES
Vespula es un género de avispas sociales de amplia distribución en el hemisferio norte que cuenta con solo veinticuatro especies. Junto con el taxón relacionado, Dolichovespula, se las suele llamar colectivamente por el nombre común de avispa común (o, en Norteamérica, chaqueta amarilla). Las especies de Vespula tienen un espacio óculo-malar corto y una tendencia más pronunciada a hacer nidos subterráneos que las del género Dolichovespula.
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Vespula
(
ranska
)
tarjonnut wikipedia FR
![src=]()
Tête de
Vespula squamosa (macro)
Vespula est un genre d'insectes contenant différentes espèces de guêpes sociales dont certaines sont des espèces "coucou", c'est-à-dire qu'elles habitent dans le nid d'une autre espèce pendant un certain temps, souvent pendant leur état larvaire, avant de partir, quand elles ont atteint leur état adulte, pour se reproduire. Ces espèces ne possèdent ni ouvrières ni reines, mais des mâles et des femelles. On différentie les espèces de Vespula des espèces de Dolichovespula surtout grâce à leurs joues qui sont très courtes et même parfois absentes contrairement aux Dolichovespula.
Nidification
Les espèces du genre Vespula fabriquent des nids en matière organique mâchée comprenant des alvéoles, qui sont, contrairement aux Polistes recouvertes d'une enveloppe. En fonction des espèces, ces nids peuvent être aussi bien construits sous terre qu'à l'air libre ou que dans des crevasses.
Comportement
Les différentes espèces de Vespula forment des communautés comprenant différentes sortes d'individus : la reine, les ouvrières et les mâles. Les espèces de Vespula peuvent se révéler agressives en présence d'un mouvement brusque ou d'un animal s'approchant trop près du nid. L'espèce réputée la plus agressive est Vespula germanica.
Liste des espèces
Selon BioLib (20 février 2022)[1] :
-
Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918)
-
Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870
-
Vespula arisana Sonan, 1929
-
Vespula atripilosa (Sladen, 1918)
-
Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918)
-
Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799)
-
Vespula consobrina (de Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula flavopilosa (Jacobson, 1978)
-
Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) - Guêpe germanique
-
Vespula gongshanensis Dong, 2005
-
Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1994
-
Vespula infernalis (de Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula intermedia (du Buysson, 1905)
-
Vespula kingdinwardi Archer, 1981
-
Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
-
Vespula koreensis (Radoszkowski, 1887)
-
Vespula maculifrons (du Buysson, 1905)
-
Vespula nujiangensis Dong & Wang, 2004
-
Vespula nursei Archer, 1981B
-
Vespula orbata (du Buysson, 1902)
-
Vespula pensylvanica (de Saussure, 1857)
-
Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
-
Vespula rufosignata Eck, 1998
-
Vespula shidai (Ishikawa, Sk. Yamanne & Wagner, 1980)
-
Vespula squamosa Drury, 1770 - Southern Yellowjacket
-
Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula sulphurea (de Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula vidua (de Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) - Guêpe commune
-
Vespula yichunensis Lee, 1986
Espèces présentes en Europe
Selon Fauna Europaea (20 février 2022)[2] :
Espèces présentes en Amérique du Nord
Espèce présente en Asie
Références
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Vespula: Brief Summary
(
ranska
)
tarjonnut wikipedia FR
![src=]()
Tête de Vespula squamosa (macro)
![src=]()
Vespula vulgaris - mâles
Vespula est un genre d'insectes contenant différentes espèces de guêpes sociales dont certaines sont des espèces "coucou", c'est-à-dire qu'elles habitent dans le nid d'une autre espèce pendant un certain temps, souvent pendant leur état larvaire, avant de partir, quand elles ont atteint leur état adulte, pour se reproduire. Ces espèces ne possèdent ni ouvrières ni reines, mais des mâles et des femelles. On différentie les espèces de Vespula des espèces de Dolichovespula surtout grâce à leurs joues qui sont très courtes et même parfois absentes contrairement aux Dolichovespula.
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Vespula
(
Italia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia IT
Vespula è un piccolo genere di vespe sociali, ampiamente distribuito nell'Emisfero Settentrionale.
Le specie del genere Vespula hanno un piccolo spazio oculare ed una tendenza più pronunziata a costruire il nido sottoterra rispetto al genere affine Dolichovespula.
Specie
Il genere comprende circa una ventina di specie.
Vi appartengono ad esempio due delle più comuni presenti in Europa:
Le altre due specie europee del genere sono:
Alcune specie native del Nord America sono invece:
Altre specie:
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Vespula: Brief Summary
(
Italia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia IT
Vespula è un piccolo genere di vespe sociali, ampiamente distribuito nell'Emisfero Settentrionale.
Le specie del genere Vespula hanno un piccolo spazio oculare ed una tendenza più pronunziata a costruire il nido sottoterra rispetto al genere affine Dolichovespula.
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Vespula
(
Latina
)
tarjonnut wikipedia LA
Vespula est parvum vesparum eusocialium genus, in Hemisphaera Septentrionali late distributum.[1] Speciebus est brevius spatium oculo-malare? (in imagine infra adumbratum), et eae nidos subterraneos plus quam Dolichovespula fabricari solent.
Species notabiles
![src=]()
Principalis vespae
feminae morphologia
Species
-
Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918)
-
Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929)
-
Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918)
-
Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799)
-
Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula flavopilosa Jakobson, 1978
-
Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793)
-
Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991
-
Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
-
Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
-
Vespula koreensis (Rad., 1887)
-
Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905)
-
Vespula nursei Archer, 1981
-
Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
-
Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857)
-
Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
-
Vespula rufosignata Eck, 1998
-
Vespula shidai Ish.,Yam.,Wagn., 1980
-
Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770)
-
Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
-
Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula vidua (Saussure, 1854)
-
Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
-
Vespula yichunensis Lee, 1986
Nexus interni
Notae
Haec stipula ad insectum spectat. Amplifica, si potes!
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Vespula: Brief Summary
(
Latina
)
tarjonnut wikipedia LA
Vespula est parvum vesparum eusocialium genus, in Hemisphaera Septentrionali late distributum. Speciebus est brevius spatium oculo-malare? (in imagine infra adumbratum), et eae nidos subterraneos plus quam Dolichovespula fabricari solent.
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Kortkopwespen
(
flaami
)
tarjonnut wikipedia NL
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Kortkopwespen: Brief Summary
(
flaami
)
tarjonnut wikipedia NL
De Kortkopwespen (Vespula) zijn een geslacht uit de onderfamilie van de Papierwespen. Onder dit geslacht bevinden zich bijvoorbeeld de Gewone wesp en de Duitse wesp.
Door sommigen wordt hierbinnen nog een ondergeslacht Paravespula onderscheiden, maar dit is niet algemeen aanvaard.
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땅벌속
(
Korea
)
tarjonnut wikipedia 한국어 위키백과
땅벌속은 말벌아과의 한 속으로, 땅벌속에는 참땅벌, 노랑띠땅벌, 점박이땅벌 등이 있다.
종
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Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918)
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Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870
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Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929)
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Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918)
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기생땅벌(Vespula austriaca) (Panzer, 1799)
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Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854)
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땅벌(Vespula flaviceps) (Smith, 1870)
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Vespula flavopilosa Jakobson, 1978
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독일땅벌(Vespula germanica) (Fabricius, 1793)
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Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991
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Vespula infernalis (de Saussure, 1854)
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Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
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Vespula intermedia (du Buysson, 1904–05)
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Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981
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참땅벌(Vespula koreensis) (Rad., 1887)
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Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905)
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Vespula nursei Archer, 1981
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Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
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Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857)
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Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Vespula rufosigna ta Eck, 1998
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흰줄땅벌(Vespula shidai) Ish., Yam., Wagn., 1980
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Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770)
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Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
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Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854)
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Vespula vidua (de Saussure, 1854)
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점박이땅벌(Vespula vulgaris) (Linnaeus, 1758)
Haec stipula ad insectum spectat. Amplifica, si potes! 
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