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Behavior ( englanti )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Conservation Status ( englanti )

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Black-mantled Tamarins are threatened by forest destruction throughout their range. The subspecies S. nigricollis hernandezi of southern Colombia is considered vulnerable by IUCN.

(Nowak, 1991)

CITES: appendix ii

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Benefits ( englanti )

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There are no adverse effects of Black-mantled Tamarins.

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Benefits ( englanti )

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Tamarins are charismatic members of intact tropical forests, making them potentially valuable for ecotourism. Some animals continue to be taken for the pet trade.

Positive Impacts: pet trade ; ecotourism

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Associations ( englanti )

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Tamarins are important in their ecosystems as predators of insects and other invertebrates, and as prey animals for large predators. They may also disperse seeds from the fruits they eat.

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Trophic Strategy ( englanti )

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Saguinus nigricollis spends 34.8% of the day foraging for insects, particularly large orthopterans, and 17% of the day searching for plant food. They feed on a variety of vegetation like fruits, seeds, flowers, nectar, and gum that includes 41 different species of plants. Adult black-mantled tamarins catch flying insects with their mouth and larger insects with their hands. These insects are shared with the infants and juveniles. Large grasshoppers, a favorite food, are eaten headfirst in about 5 minutes.

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; nectar; flowers; sap or other plant fluids

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Distribution ( englanti )

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Saguinus nigricollis is found in South America. They are located east of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador, and range west into the upper parts of Peru and Brazil, as well as the southern portion of Colombia (Emmons 1990).

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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Habitat ( englanti )

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Black-mantled tamarins prefer mature forests, as well as dense secondary tropical rainforests. Those living on forest peripheries are found below 913 m.

(Emmons 1990, Nowak 1999, Rowe 1996)

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Life Expectancy ( englanti )

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Saguinus nigricollis has an average lifespan of 13.9 years in the wild (Rowe 1996).

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
13.9 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
11.1 years.

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
15.2 years.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
10.0 years.

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Morphology ( englanti )

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The head and body length of S. nigricollis is 220 to 226 mm. Tail length ranges between 356 - 361 mm, almost twice the length of its body. And females weigh about 480 g, on average 10 grams more than males. Black-mantled Tamarins have black fur reaching from the head to the middle of the back, where it transitions into a reddish color. The hands, feet, and tail are black. They have hairless ears, and grayish-white hairs surrounding their muzzle. Saguinus nigricollis living west of the Iquitos river differ from those living to the east. West of the Iquitos Black-mantled Tamarins have blackish grizzled olivaceous forequarters while the bottom half is blackish yellow-olivaceous. (Emmons 1990, Rowe 1996)

Average mass: 475 g.

Range length: 220 to 226 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average mass: 519.2 g.

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Associations ( englanti )

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Tamarins are preyed upon by animals such as raptors, snakes, cats, and even humans. Humans are responsible for depleting the number of surviving Tamarins due to clearing their forest habitat. Tamarins may escape some predation by living in groups where members warn each other of imminent danger. (Nowak 1999, Kinzey 1997)

Known Predators:

  • raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
  • domestic cats (Felis silvestris)
  • humans (Homo sapiens)
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Reproduction ( englanti )

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In the wild only the dominant female of the group breeds during the breeding season. The Genus Saguinus have specialized scent glands in the mid-chest region and in the area around the genitalia. It is thought that reproduction is suppressed in other females due to subordination by the dominant female and pheromones in the scent marks from her circumgenital glands. Dominant females typically have multiple male mating partners, though they may also have only one. (Macdonald 1984, Nowak 1999, Rowe 1996)

Mating System: polyandrous ; cooperative breeder

Saguinus nigricollis has a gestation period of about 140 days, at which time females give birth to twins (78% of births). Birth to one offspring occurs 21% of the time, while three offspring occur 1% of the time. Black-mantled Tamarins give birth year-round and have a birth interval of about 8.4 months. (Macdonald 1984, Nowak 1999, Rowe 1996)

Breeding season: Breeding and births occur year-round.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 3.

Average gestation period: 140 days.

Range weaning age: 4 (low) weeks.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 18 to 24 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 18 to 24 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); viviparous

Average birth mass: 43.5 g.

Average gestation period: 140 days.

Average number of offspring: 1.8.

In the genus Saguinus the father, and occasionally other adult group members, help during the birth by receiving and washing the newborn. The helpless young have short hair and cling tightly to the mother or father. The father will hand the young to the mother for feeding time, but then take them back once feeding is finished. This process happens about every 2 to 3 hours and lasts about 30 minutes. After 21 days the infants begin to explore new, nearby areas, but still ride on their parent’s back for about 3 to 4 more weeks. After only 4 weeks the young begin to eat soft food in addition to the milk from their mother. Several members of a Saguinus group will help provide food and care for the infants.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning

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Saguinus nigricollis ( bretoni )

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lang="br" dir="ltr">

Saguinus nigricollis a zo ur spesad primated e-touez kerentiad ar Cebidae.

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Isspesadoù

Daou isspesad zo dezhañ : Saguinus nigricollis hernandezi ha Saguinus nigricollis nigricollis.

Annez

Tiriad Saguinus nigricollis.

Kavet e vez e Suamerika : e kornôg Brazil, e reter Ecuador hag e reter Perou.

Liamm diavaez

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Saguinus nigricollis: Brief Summary ( bretoni )

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Saguinus nigricollis a zo ur spesad primated e-touez kerentiad ar Cebidae.

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Schwarzrückentamarin ( saksa )

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Der Schwarzrückentamarin (Leontocebus nigricollis, Syn.: Saguinus nigricollis) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Krallenaffen (Callitrichidae).

Merkmale

Schwarzrückentamarine erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von rund 22 Zentimetern, wozu noch ein 35 Zentimeter langer Schwanz kommt. Ihr Gewicht beträgt etwa 390 bis 480 Gramm. Ihr Fell ist vorwiegend schwarz gefärbt, auch am Kopf, an den Gliedmaßen und am Schwanz. Der hintere Teil des Rumpfes ist hingegen rötlich, die Schnauze ist weiß-grau gefärbt. Wie bei allen Krallenaffen befinden sich an den Fingern und Zehen (mit Ausnahme der Großzehe) Krallen statt Nägel.

Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Unterarten

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Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Schwarzrückentamarins

Schwarzrückentamarine leben im Nordwesten des Amazonasbeckens in Südamerika. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt im südlichen Kolumbien, nördlichen Peru und im äußersten Nordwesten Brasiliens, die Grenzen sind aber nicht genau bekannt. Ihr Lebensraum sind Wälder, wobei sie Waldformen mit dichtem Unterholz bevorzugen.

Es werden drei Unterarten unterschieden, die sich geringfügig in ihrer Fellfärbung unterscheiden.[1]

  • Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis, zwischen Río Putumayo, Río Napo und Amazonas
  • der Rio-Napo-Tamarin oder Graells-Tamarin (Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi), am oberen Río Caquetá und oberen Río Putumayo bis zum nördlichen Ufer des Río Napo
  • Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi, im kolumbianischen Departament Meta zwischen Río Caquetá und der Cordillera Oriental (östliche Gebirgskette der Anden)

Lebensweise

Diese Primaten sind wie alle Krallenaffen tagaktiv, in der Nacht schlafen sie im Pflanzendickicht. Sie sind Baumbewohner, die sich auf allen vieren fortbewegen, aber auch gut springen können. Sie leben in Gruppen von 2 bis 8 (manchmal bis zu 15) Tieren, Gruppen setzen sich aus mehreren Männchen und Weibchen sowie den dazugehörigen Jungtieren zusammen. Innerhalb einer Gruppe lässt sich kaum aggressives Verhalten beobachten. Gruppen bewohnen feste Reviere von 30 bis 50 Hektar.

Die Nahrung dieser Tiere setzt sich vorwiegend aus Insekten und Früchten zusammen, daneben fressen sie auch noch anderes Pflanzenmaterial wie Samen, Blüten und Nektar.

Fortpflanzung

Innerhalb einer Gruppe pflanzt sich nur das dominante Weibchen fort, der Eisprung der anderen Weibchen ist unterdrückt. Das dominante Weibchen pflanzt sich mit allen Männchen der Gruppe fort (Polyandrie). Nach rund 140 Tagen kommen meist zweieiige Zwillinge zur Welt. Hauptsächlich die Männchen kümmern sich um die Jungtiere (manchmal auch die anderen Weibchen), sie tragen sie und geben sie der Mutter nur zum Säugen. Ab einem Monat beginnt das Entwöhnen, die Geschlechtsreife tritt am Ende des zweiten Lebensjahres ein.

Die Lebenserwartung beträgt bis zu 14 Jahre.

Gefährdung

In Teilen ihres Verbreitungsgebietes sind Schwarzrückentamarine von Waldrodungen bedroht, insgesamt ist die Art aber weit verbreitet und gilt laut IUCN als „nicht gefährdet“ (least concern).

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. A. B. Rylands & R. A. Mittermeier: Family Callitrichidae (Marmosets and Tamarins). Seite 323 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3. ISBN 978-8496553897
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Schwarzrückentamarin: Brief Summary ( saksa )

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Der Schwarzrückentamarin (Leontocebus nigricollis, Syn.: Saguinus nigricollis) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Krallenaffen (Callitrichidae).

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Black-mantled tamarin ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

The black-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis, is a species of saddle-back tamarin from the northwestern Amazon in far western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, north-eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.[4][5]

There are 3 subspecies:[4][5]

  • Spix's black mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis
  • Graells's tamarin or Graells’ black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi
  • Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi

Graells's tamarin was previously considered to be a separate species.[6][7][8]

References

Wikispecies has information related to Black-mantled tamarin.
  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA (2009). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)". In Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB (eds.). South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
  3. ^ de la Torre, S.; Heymann, E.W.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Muniz, C.C. (2020). "Leontocebus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39945A17932254. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39945A17932254.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  4. ^ a b Rylands, Anthony B.; Eckhard W. Heymann; Jessica Lynch Alfaro; Janet C. Buckner; Christian Roos; Christian Matauschek; Jean P. Boubli; Ricardo Sampaio; Russell A. Mittermeier (2016). "Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (4): 1003–1028. doi:10.1111/zoj.12386. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  5. ^ a b Porter, Leila M.; Dacier, Anand; Garber, Paul A. (2016). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (eds.). All the World's Primates. Pogonias Press. pp. 336–337. ISBN 9781940496061.
  6. ^ Matauschek, Christian; Roos, Christian; Heymann, Eckhard W. (2011). "Mitochondrial phylogeny of tamarins (Saguinus, Hoffmannsegg 1807) with taxonomic and biogeographic implications for the S. nigricollis species group". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144 (4): 564–574. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21445. PMID 21404233.
  7. ^ Rylands, Mittermeier, Coimbra-Filho, Heymann, de la Torre, Silva Jr., Kierulff, Noronha and Röhe (2008). Marmosets and Tamarins: Pocket Identification Guide. Conservation International. ISBN 978-1-934151-20-4
  8. ^ Defler, T. (2004). Primates of Colombia. Conservation International. ISBN 1-881173-83-6
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Black-mantled tamarin: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

The black-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis, is a species of saddle-back tamarin from the northwestern Amazon in far western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, north-eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.

There are 3 subspecies:

Spix's black mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis Graells's tamarin or Graells’ black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi

Graells's tamarin was previously considered to be a separate species.

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Saguinus nigricollis ( kastilia )

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El tití cuellinegro, pichico de cuello negro, diablito, tamarino rojo y negro o tamarino de manto negro (Saguinus nigricollis) es una especie de primate platirrino de la familia Callitrichidae originario de la alta Amazonia, que se encuentra en el sur de Colombia, nororiente de Brasil, oriente de Ecuador y noroccidente del Perú, en bosques a menos de 900 m.s.n.m.

La longitud de su cuerpo es de 21 a 25 cm y la de la cola de 30 a 36 cm. Pesa entre 350 y 470 g. El pelaje es negruzco en el cuello, manto, cabeza y miembros delanteros; en la parte inferior de la espalda, grupa, muslo y partes inferiores es pardo, rojizo u oliváceo. Los pelos alrededor de la boca son grises a blancuzcos.

Es de hábitos diurnos. Conforma grupos territoriales arborícolas de hasta 12 individuos, con un área de acción de 30 a 50 hectáreas y frecuentemente asociados con otros grupos de la especie Saguinus fuscicollis (tití marrón). Se alimenta de invertebrados, frutas, semillas, savia y flores.

Tras un período de gestación de 140 a 145 días las hembras paren una a tres crías, generalmente dos. El destete se produce entre los 2 y 3 meses de edad y la madurez sexual ocurre entre los 16 y 20 meses.

Referencias

  • Garber, P.A. 1993 "Feeding, Ecology, and Behaviour of the Genus Saguinus"; Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematics, Behaviour, and Ecology. ed Anthony B. Rylands. Oxford University Press.
  • Grzimek, Bernhard Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill, 2th edition, 1989, vol. II. ISBN 0-07-909508-9
  • Snowdon, C.T. and Soini, P. 1988 "The Tamarins, Genus Saguinus; Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates 2: 223-298. Eds, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, A.F. Coimbra-Filho, and G.A.B. da Fonseca. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund.
  • Infonatura

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Saguinus nigricollis: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

El tití cuellinegro, pichico de cuello negro, diablito, tamarino rojo y negro o tamarino de manto negro (Saguinus nigricollis) es una especie de primate platirrino de la familia Callitrichidae originario de la alta Amazonia, que se encuentra en el sur de Colombia, nororiente de Brasil, oriente de Ecuador y noroccidente del Perú, en bosques a menos de 900 m.s.n.m.

La longitud de su cuerpo es de 21 a 25 cm y la de la cola de 30 a 36 cm. Pesa entre 350 y 470 g. El pelaje es negruzco en el cuello, manto, cabeza y miembros delanteros; en la parte inferior de la espalda, grupa, muslo y partes inferiores es pardo, rojizo u oliváceo. Los pelos alrededor de la boca son grises a blancuzcos.

Es de hábitos diurnos. Conforma grupos territoriales arborícolas de hasta 12 individuos, con un área de acción de 30 a 50 hectáreas y frecuentemente asociados con otros grupos de la especie Saguinus fuscicollis (tití marrón). Se alimenta de invertebrados, frutas, semillas, savia y flores.

Tras un período de gestación de 140 a 145 días las hembras paren una a tres crías, generalmente dos. El destete se produce entre los 2 y 3 meses de edad y la madurez sexual ocurre entre los 16 y 20 meses.

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Saguinus nigricollis ( baski )

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Saguinus nigricollis Saguinus generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Callitrichinae azpifamilia eta Cebidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. Spix (1823) Sim. Vespert. Brasil. 28. or..

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

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Saguinus nigricollis: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Saguinus nigricollis Saguinus generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Callitrichinae azpifamilia eta Cebidae familian sailkatuta dago

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Saguinus nigricollis ( ranska )

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Tamarin à manteau noir

Le Tamarin à manteau noir[1] (Saguinus nigricollis) est une espèce de primate de la famille des Cebidae.

Autres noms

Black-mantled tamarin. Pichico boca blanca, pichico de cuello negro, chichico (Pérou). Diablillo (Colombie).

Distribution

Sud de la Colombie, est de l’Équateur, nord du Pérou et une infime partie de l’ouest du Brésil (au nord de l’Amazone).

Sous-espèces

Deux sous-espèces :

  • Tamarin rouge et noir (S. n. nigricollis) : Peut-être interfluve Caquetá-Putumayo (distribution mal connue, il se pourrait même qu’il soit en fait absent de cette région) ainsi que l’interfluve Rio Içá-Putumayo et bas Río Marañon-Río Napo à l’ouest jusqu’au Río Yuvineto ;
  • Tamarin d’Hernández-Camacho (S. n. hernandezi) : Minuscule aire géographique non protégée au sud de la Colombie entre les Ríos Caquetá au sud, Caguán à l’est, Orteguaza à l’ouest et la base de la Cordillère orientale au nord. Se rencontre aussi au centre du pays sur la rive droite du Río Guaviare (Angostura, département de la Meta).

Habitat

Tous les types de forêt jusqu’à 1 000 m d’altitude, en particulier la dense forêt pluviale secondaire, avec une préférence pour la terra firme (en Équateur) et les forêts d’arbres moyens (en Colombie).

Sympatrie et association

S’associe au Saki à perruque (Pithecia monachus) et au Saki de l’Équateur (Pithecia aequatorialis). Souvent vu en compagnie du Saïmiri commun (Saimiri sciureus), du Tamarin à selle (S. fuscicollis), du Callimico (Callimico goeldii) et du Ouistiti pygmée (Cebuella pygmaea). Des toucans à bec rouge (Ramphastos tucanus) le suivent lors de sa quête alimentaire.

Description

De loin, apparaît entièrement noir ou grisâtre. En réalité, l’avant-corps (manteau) est noir tandis que le bas du dos et les pattes arrière sont rouge sombre à roux. Dessous brun. Queue noire sauf le premier quart rougeâtre. Face couverte de fins poils noirs mais éclairée par un museau blanc. Tamarin rouge et noir (S. n. nigricollis) : Riches tons rougeâtres à l’arrière du corps, pas de tons jaunâtres sur la selle. Tamarin d’Hernández-Camacho (S. n. hernandezi) : Arrière du corps brunâtre d’apparence sombre. Selle givrée de jaune et de noir.

Mensurations

Corps 22 cm. Queue 36 cm. Poids 470 g (M) et 480 g (F). Cerveau : 8,9 g. Caryotype : 2n = 46.

Domaine

De 30 à 50ha.

Locomotion

Quadrupède.

Comportements basiques

Diurne. Arboricole.

Activités

Parcourt chaque jour 1 km. Budget d’activités : recherche et consommation d’insectes (35 %), recherche et consommation de plantes (17 %), repos et autres (48 %). Se repose deux à trois fois par jour pendant 1 à 1,5 h. Dort dans les enchevêtrements de lianes.

Alimentation

Frugivore-insectivore-exsudativore. Fruits, graines, fleurs, gomme, résine, insectes (grands orthoptères, comme blattes et sauterelles). Traque les insectes cachés sur les troncs et au sol en ne s’éloignant pas à plus de 2 ou 3 mètres des arbres protecteurs. Insectes volants attrapés avec la bouche, gros insectes avec les mains. Dévore les grandes sauterelles la tête la première en 5 minutes. Les adultes partagent leurs proies avec les jeunes. Les rares comportements agonistiques entre adultes interviennent durant cette activité de capture des insectes. En troupe, il cherche son alimentation à tous les étages de la forêt, alors qu’en comité restreint, la sécurité lui commande de se déplacer dans les basses strates.

Taille du groupe

6 (de 4 à 12). Rassemblements jusqu’à 40 durant un jours ou deux. Le seul tamarin à former de grands groupes temporaires bruyants rappelant ceux des saïmiris.

Structure sociale et système de reproduction

Groupe multimâle-multifemelle. Système de reproduction variable.

Hiérarchie

Plus nette dans les grands groupes que dans les petits.

Développement

Enfant jusqu’à 2 mois, jeune jusqu’à 14 mois, subadulte entre 14 et 18 mois.

Longévité

14 ans.

Communication visuelle et orale

Les adultes « mobbent » les prédateurs terrestres, permettant aux autres membres de s’enfuir.

Communication olfactive

Sécrétions périanales qu’il frotte sur les branches en position assise. Marquage suprapubien corps allongé et marquage à partir d’une glande de la poitrine. Les individus s'imprègnent mutuellement le dos. D’après K. Izawa, il semble que le marquage ne soit pas à but territorial.

Communication tactile

Toilettage mutuel avec les dents et les mains.

Menaces

Assez peu chassé mais victime d’une capture intensive pour la recherche biomédicale. Reste toutefois commun localement.

Conservation

PN de La Paya, SB de Caparú, PN d’Amacayacú et PN de Cahuinarí (Colombie). SB de Jatun Sacha (Pérou).

Statut

Tamarin d’Hernández-Camacho (S. n. hernandezi) : Vulnérable.

Références

  1. Meyer C., ed. sc., 2009, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. consulter en ligne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.

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Saguinus nigricollis: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Tamarin à manteau noir

Le Tamarin à manteau noir (Saguinus nigricollis) est une espèce de primate de la famille des Cebidae.

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Saguinus nigricollis ( Italia )

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Il tamarino dal dorso nero (Saguinus nigricollis Spix, 1823) è un primate platirrino della famiglia dei Cebidi.

Distribuzione

Con due sottospecie (Saguinus nigricollis hernandezi e Saguinus nigricollis nigricollis), divise dal fiume Iquitos, la specie vive nella foresta pluviale pedemontana ad est delle Ande, in Colombia meridionale, Ecuador, Perù e Brasile occidentale.

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Misura fino a mezzo metro di lunghezza, di cui più della metà spetta alla lunga coda (quasi il doppio del corpo), per un peso medio di 450 g.

Aspetto

Il pelo è fondamentalmente di colore nero, che però nella parte mediana del dorso comincia a presentare sfumature rossicce. Sul muso il pelo è grigio-biancastro.
La sottospecie hernandezi, che vive ad ovest dell'Iquitos, Nel quarto anteriore i peli sono neri, ma striati di verdastro, mentre il quarto posteriore presenta sfumature giallo-ocra anziché rosse.

Biologia

Si tratta di animali dalle abitudini diurne ed arboricole: vivono in gruppi comprendenti vari maschi e femmine solitamente non imparentati fra loro, che contano dai quattro ai dodici membri ed occupano un territorio di estensione variabile fra i 30 ed i 50 ettari. Sono stati osservati anche casi di associazione con gruppi di altre specie di tamarini, come Saguinus imperator e S. fuscicollis, probabilmente allo scopo di ottenere una maggiore efficienza nell'avvistare eventuali predatori.
I vari membri di un gruppo dormono assieme nel folto della vegetazione durante la notte e si mettono in attività solo un'ora circa dopo il sorgere del sole. Durante le ore più torride, i tamarini dal dorso nero spesso sospendono le proprie attività per riposarsi, passando periodi di 60-90 minuti in stato d'inattività.

Alimentazione

Si nutrono principalmente di frutta ed insetti, prediligendo i frutti ben maturi e succosi ed i grossi Ortotteri, ma si accontentano anche di insetti di dimensioni minori e di altro materiale vegetale, come germogli, linfa e nettare di oltre 40 specie di piante.

Riproduzione

Solo la femmina dominante può riprodursi: non c'è un periodo preciso delle nascite, infatti possono trovarsi femmine con cuccioli in tutti i periodi dell'anno. Le femmine tendono solitamente ad accoppiarsi con tutti i maschi presenti nel gruppo, ma possono anche formare coppie monogame di lunga durata: questo comportamento è tipico della cattività, ma viene a volte osservato anche in natura.
La gestazione dura poco meno di cinque mesi, al termine dei quali vengono dati alla luce due gemelli, che vengono curati ed accuditi dai maschi del gruppo sin dalla nascita, a volte coadiuvati anche dalle femmine subordinate: i maschi lasciano i cuccioli alle femmine solo per la poppata, che avviene ogni due-tre ore ed ha una durata di circa mezz'ora.
I cuccioli vengono svezzati attorno ai quattro mesi, anche se cominciano a prendere confidenza col cibo solido già dopo il mese di vita. La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta attorno ai due anni di vita. Dopo il parto, la femmina aspetta solitamente circa otto mesi e mezzo prima di accoppiarsi nuovamente.

La speranza di vita di questi animali è di circa 14 anni in natura, mentre in cattività stranamente vivono molto meno, solitamente poco più di 11 anni.

Bibliografia

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Saguinus nigricollis: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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Il tamarino dal dorso nero (Saguinus nigricollis Spix, 1823) è un primate platirrino della famiglia dei Cebidi.

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Saguinus nigricollis ( portugali )

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Saguinus nigricollis é uma espécie de primata do Novo Mundo que ocorre no Brasil, Equador, Colômbia e Peru. Ocorre entre os rios Putumayo e Solimões.[4]

Referências

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.), ed. Mammal Species of the World 3 ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494
  2. Rylands AB; Mittermeier RA (2009). «The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini): An Annotated Taxonomy». In: Garber PA; Estrada A; Bicca-Marques JC; Heymann EW; Strier KB. South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation 3ª ed. Nova Iorque: Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6
  3. de la Torre, S. & Stevenson, P. (2008). Saguinus nigricollis (em inglês). IUCN {{{anoIUCN1}}}. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de {{{anoIUCN1}}} . Página visitada em 07 de outubro de 2012..
  4. Rylands, A.B.; Coimbra-Filho, A.F.; Mittermeier, R. A. (1993). «Systematics, geographic distribution, and some notes on the conservation status of the Callitrichidae». In: Rylands, A.B. Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behavior and ecology (PDF) 3ª ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press. pp. 11–77. 0-19-85022-1
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Saguinus nigricollis: Brief Summary ( portugali )

tarjonnut wikipedia PT

Saguinus nigricollis é uma espécie de primata do Novo Mundo que ocorre no Brasil, Equador, Colômbia e Peru. Ocorre entre os rios Putumayo e Solimões.

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검은망토타마린 ( Korea )

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검은망토타마린(Leontocebus nigricollis)은 남아메리카에 사는 신세계원숭이타마린의 일종이다. 브라질콜롬비아, 에콰도르 그리고 페루에서 발견된다.

아종

  • 그라엘스타마린 (L. n. graellsi) (Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)
  • 헤르난데스카마초검은망토원숭이 (L. n. hernandezi) (Hershkovitz, 1982)
  • 스픽스검은망토타마린 (L. n. nigricollis) (Spix, 1823)

계통 분류

검은망토타마린속의 계통 분류는 다음과 같다.[4]

검은망토타마린속    

일리거타마린

   

안데스새들백타마린

               

갈색망토타마린

   

안데스새들백타마린

       

크루즈리마타마린

     

웨들새들백타마린

   

흰망토타마린

         

조프루아새들백타마린

       

검은망토타마린

   

그라엘스타마린

         

황금망토타마린

   

붉은망토타마린

       

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 135-136쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Rylands AB and Mittermeier RA (2009). 〈The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)〉. Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB. 《South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Bahavior, Ecology, and Conservation》. Springer. 23–54쪽. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
  3. “Saguinus nigricollis”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 2일에 확인함.
  4. Christian Matauschek, Christian Roos and Eckhard W. Heymann: Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Tamarins ( Saguinus , Hoffmannsegg 1807) with Taxonomic and Biogeographic Implications for the S. nigricollis Species Group. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144, 2014, pp. 564-574
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