Potato cod - More like a Cod than a potato - Top 101 - Top 101 Amazing,weird living creatures on Earth - All you need to know about everything - uneed2know.eu
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englanti
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tarjonnut EOL authors
Potato cod, info's , picture gallery
Trophic Strategy
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englanti
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Mainly found in deep reef channels and seamounts, in current prone areas (Ref. 48635). Juveniles may be found in tide pools (Ref. 5222). Also in the external areas around coral reefs (Ref. 9137). Feed on reef fishes, skates, crabs, and spiny lobsters (Ref. 5222). Considered to be exceedingly territorial and very aggressive towards intruders. Vulnerable to spear fishers (Ref. 5222). Large adults would be potential predators of small Latimeria (Ref. 58472). Hand fed by divers in certain areas, but potentially dangerous to the inexperienced.
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Morphology
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englanti
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
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Diagnostic Description
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englanti
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth contained 2.9-3.5 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area; straight dorsal head profile; rounded or subangular preopercle, slightly enlarged serrae at angle; almost straight upper edge of operculum; posterior and anterior nostrils subequal in size; maxilla reaches to or beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-6 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
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Biology
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englanti
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Mainly found in deep reef channels and seamounts, in current prone areas (Ref. 48635). Juveniles may be found in tide pools (Ref. 5222). Feeds on reef fishes, skates, crabs, and spiny lobsters (Ref. 5222). Considered to be exceedingly territorial and very aggressive towards intruders. Vulnerable to spear fishers (Ref. 5222). Hand fed by divers in certain areas, but potentially dangerous to the inexperienced. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Solitary (Ref 90102).
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Importance
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englanti
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tarjonnut Fishbase
fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes
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分布
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
廣泛分布於印度-西太平洋區,西起非洲東岸、紅海,北至南日本,南至澳洲。台灣北部及澎湖海域有產。
利用
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
極佳的食用魚。由於不會怕人,所以經常為潛水漁夫捕捉,南非及澳洲大堡礁北部的國家公園已將其列入保護。
描述
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
體長橢圓形,側扁而粗壯,標準體長為體高之2.9-3.5倍。頭背部斜直;眶間區微凹。眼小,短於吻長。口大;上下頜前端具小犬齒或無,兩側齒細尖,下頜約2-6列。鰓耙數8-10+15-18。前鰓蓋骨後緣微具鋸齒,下緣光滑。鰓蓋骨後緣具3扁棘。體被細小櫛鱗;側線鱗孔數62-70;縱列鱗數113-130。背鰭鰭棘部與軟條部相連,無缺刻,具硬棘XI,軟條14-15;臀鰭硬棘III枚,軟條8;腹鰭腹位,末端延伸不及肛門開口;胸鰭圓形,中央之鰭條長於上下方之鰭條,且長於腹鰭,但短於後眼眶長;尾鰭圓形。體色由淡灰色至淡褐色,分布著大小不一的黑褐色斑,頭部則有黑色的小點斑及不規則的窄紋。各鰭亦具有黑褐色的斑紋,偶鰭上的斑紋較奇鰭上者為小。幼魚之特徵與成魚相似,唯體色較淡。
棲地
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
棲息於淺水的亞潮帶至150
公尺深的礁區海域,以魚類為主食。生性不怕人,經常與潛水人員近距離接觸。
Aartappel-baars
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afrikaans
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tarjonnut wikipedia AF
Die Aartappel-baars (Epinephelus tukula) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika van Oman tot by die Aliwal-bank langs Suid-Afrika. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Potato bass.
Voorkoms
Die vis se kop en lyf is grys met verskeie donker vlekke wat wyd uitmekaar is. Die vlekke is groter as die oë en hulle vorm is rond, ovaal of langwerpig. Daar is swart kolletjies op die vinne wat kleiner is op die bekken en anale vinne. Die vis word tot 2.2 m lank en 300 kg swaar.
Habitat
Die vis leef in koraalriwwe in water wat 10 – 230 m diep is terwyl die onvolwassenes in getypoele leef. Die vis is gebiedsgebonde en is nie bang vir skubaduikers nie, derhalwe is daar 'n verbod geplaas op die skiet van die visse deur duikers. Die vis is nie 'n gewilde eetvis nie.
Sien ook
Bron
Verwysings
Eksterne skakel
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Aartappel-baars: Brief Summary
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afrikaans
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tarjonnut wikipedia AF
Die Aartappel-baars (Epinephelus tukula) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika van Oman tot by die Aliwal-bank langs Suid-Afrika. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Potato bass.
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Epinephelus tukula
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valencia
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tarjonnut wikipedia CA
Epinephelus tukula és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 200 cm de longitud total.[3]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba des del Mar Roig i l'Àfrica Oriental fins al sud del Japó i Queensland (Austràlia).[3]
Referències
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↑ Bloch M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7. i-xiv + 1-144.
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↑ BioLib
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↑ 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)
Bibliografia
- Heemstra, P.C. i Randall, J.E., 1993, Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 125, 125:I-viii, 1-382.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Morgans, J. F. C. 1959. Three confusing species of serranid fish, one described as new, from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 1 (núm. 10) [1958]: 642-656, Pls. 17, 19.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
A
Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a:
Epinephelus tukula
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Epinephelus tukula: Brief Summary
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valencia
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tarjonnut wikipedia CA
Epinephelus tukula és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Kanic tukula
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Tšekki
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tarjonnut wikipedia CZ
Kanic tukula (Epinephelus tukula) je velký druh ryby z řádu ostnoploutví (Perciformes) a z čeledi kanicovití (Serranidae). Druh popsal Morgans v roce 1959.
Výskyt
Tato ryba se vyskytuje v Indopacifiku, rozšířena je u Austrálie, pobřeží Afriky, Madagaskaru či Japonska. Dle IUCN je málo dotčeným druhem.
Popis
Kanic tukula je velkým druhem, dosahuje hmotnosti až 110 kg. I přes svou velikost je poměrně mírný a někteří kanicové si zvykli na krmení od potápěčů. Jejich zbarvení je bíle, s černými skvrnami. Kůže je pokryta slizovou vrstvičkou, která slouží jako ochrana před parazity, jako jsou svijonožci. Tento pokryv je však mimořádně citlivý, a proto se nedoporučuje potápěčům, aby kanice hladili, neboť tím jejich vrstvičku ničí. Živí se masem, například rybami.
V oblastech, kde dochází k rybolovu, se vyskytuje vzácně.
Synonyma
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Serranus dispar Playfair, 1867
Odkazy
Reference
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Potato cod na anglické Wikipedii.
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↑ Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
Literatura
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TRAINITO, Egidio. Podmořské divy světa. [s.l.]: Ottovo nakladatelství, 2004. 300 s. ISBN 978-80-7181-126-8.
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BioLib.cz – Epinephelus tukula (kanic tukula) [online]. BioLib.cz [cit. 2015-09-24]. Dostupné online.
Externí odkazy
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Kanic tukula: Brief Summary
(
Tšekki
)
tarjonnut wikipedia CZ
Kanic tukula (Epinephelus tukula) je velký druh ryby z řádu ostnoploutví (Perciformes) a z čeledi kanicovití (Serranidae). Druh popsal Morgans v roce 1959.
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Epinephelus tukula
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Nan
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Epinephelus tukula: Brief Summary
(
Nan
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tarjonnut wikipedia emerging languages
Epinephelus tukula sī Serranidae-kho ê hî-á, sī chi̍t chéng chio̍h-pan.
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Potato grouper
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englanti
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tarjonnut wikipedia EN
The potato grouper (Epinephelus tukula), also called the potato cod or potato bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
Description
The potato grouper has a standard length which is 2.9 to 3.5 times its depth. It has a slightly convex region between the eyes and the dorsal profile of the head is straight. The preopercle is rounded or subangular and it has slightly enlarged serrations at its corner while the gill cover has a straight upper margin.[2] There are 11 spines and 14-15 soft rays in the dorsal fin and three spines and eight rays in the anal fin.[3] The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are notched. The caudal fin is rounded.[2] This species is pale brownish-grey in overall colour and it is covered in large dark widely separated blotches. Dark lines radiate out from the eyes and there are small dark spots on the fins.[4] This is a large and robust species of grouper which attains a maximum published length of 200 centimetres (79 in) and a weight of 110 kilograms (240 lb).[3] The dark blotches on the body are thought to resemble potatoes in shape and thus give rise to the common name.[2]
Distribution
The potato grouper has a wide distribution in the Indian and Pacific Oceans but is uncommon to rare in most areas. It is commonest along the coast of eastern Africa from the Red Sea to KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and around the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius and Réunion. It further occurs off western India and Sri Lanka east into the Pacific where it reaches as far east as the Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan and south to Australia. It has not been recorded in the Persian Gulf.[1] In Australia it is distributed from Shark Bay in Western Australia along the northern coasts to Moreton Bay in Queensland.[4] It is also found on the Great Barrier Reef.[5]
Habitat and biology
The potato grouper are found in coral reefs in the channels in the reefs and around sea mounts in areas where there is a strong current.[3] The juveniles prefer the shallow water and are often found in tidal pools on the reef, while the adults are found at depths between 10 to 150 metres (33 to 492 ft). They are solitary and usually remain within their home range. They are ambush predators which prey on small rays, crabs, fish, squid, octopuses and spiny lobsters. They hide from their prey using the coral as cover and lunge when the prey is in range, swallowing the prey item whole.[6] They are aggressive and defend their territory but they have a relatively small home range. They reach sexual maturity at 90 to 99 centimetres (35 to 39 in) and a weight of 16 to 18 kilograms (35 to 40 lb), at approximately 12 years of age. Aggregations of smaller fishes have been observed but it is not known of this species aggregates to spawn. Captive specimens have been induced to change sex from female to male so the potato grouper may, like other groupers, be a protogynous hermaphrodite.[1]
Taxonomy
The potato cod was first formally described in 1953 by J.F.C. Morgans of the East African Fisheries Research Organization at Zanzibar[7] with the type locality given as Mafia Island in Tanzania.[8]
Utilisation
The potato grouper is exploited by local and artisanal fisheries throughout its range and although it appears in the live food fish trade in Hong Kong and China it is not popular there. It is thought to be vulnerable to overfishing but this does not appear to be a current threat to it and the IUCN have classified its conservation status as Least Concern.[1] It is protected in South Africa[2] and in Australia.[9]
See also
References
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^ a b c d Pollard, D.A.; Samoilys, M.; Fennessy, S. (2018). "Epinephelus tukula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132773A100561780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132773A100561780.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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^ a b c d Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 248–249. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
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^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epinephelus tukula" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
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^ a b Dianne J. Bray. "Epinephelus tukula". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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^ "Potato Rockcod, Epinephelus tukula (Morgans, 1959)". Australian Museum. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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^ "Potato cod". Government of Western Australia. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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^ Morgans, J. F. C. (1959). "Three confusing species of serranid fish, one described as new, from East Africa". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 13. 1 (10): 642–656. doi:10.1080/00222935808650993.
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^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Epinephelus tukula". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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^ "COD, POTATO". Fish-On!. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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Potato grouper: Brief Summary
(
englanti
)
tarjonnut wikipedia EN
The potato grouper (Epinephelus tukula), also called the potato cod or potato bass, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
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Epinephelus tukula
(
kastilia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia ES
Epinephelus tukula, conocido como "mero papa" es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Morfología
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 200 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra desde el mar Rojo y el África Oriental hasta el sur de Japón y Queensland (Australia).
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Epinephelus tukula: Brief Summary
(
kastilia
)
tarjonnut wikipedia ES
Epinephelus tukula, conocido como "mero papa" es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
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Epinephelus tukula
(
baski
)
tarjonnut wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Epinephelus tukula: Brief Summary
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baski
)
tarjonnut wikipedia EU
Epinephelus tukula Epinephelus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Epinephelus tukula
(
ranska
)
tarjonnut wikipedia FR
Le Mérou patate (Epinephelus tukula) est un poisson marin appartenant à la famille des Serranidae.
Référence
- Morgans, J. F. C. 1959 : Three confusing species of serranid fish, one described as new, from East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) 1-10 p. 642–656.
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Epinephelus tukula: Brief Summary
(
ranska
)
tarjonnut wikipedia FR
Le Mérou patate (Epinephelus tukula) est un poisson marin appartenant à la famille des Serranidae.
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Gevlekte reuzentandbaars
(
flaami
)
tarjonnut wikipedia NL
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Gevlekte reuzentandbaars: Brief Summary
(
flaami
)
tarjonnut wikipedia NL
De gevlekte reuzentandbaars (Epinephelus tukula) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van de Zaag of Zeebaarzen. De soort leeft in de Australische wateren en kan een lengte van 2 meter bereiken.
(en)
Epinephelus tukula op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Potatisgrouper
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ruotsi
)
tarjonnut wikipedia SV
Potatisgrouper[3] (Epinephelus tukula) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns från västra Indiska oceanen och Röda havet till västra Stilla havet.
Utseende
En långsträckt men robust fisk med kraftigt huvud, stor mun med 2 till 6 rader tänder i underkäken och rak, sluttande panna. Kroppen är ljust brungrå med flera mörkbruna till svarta, tämligen stora fläckar med varierande form från runda, ovala till hantelformade (som med litet god vilja kan beskrivas som "potatisliknande", därav namnet). Även huvud och fenor har mindre, mörka fläckar. Stora individer kan vara nästan helt svarta. Som hos alla groupers är ryggfenan uppdelad i två delar; en främre, hård med taggstrålar (11 hos denna art, den 4:e eller 5:e längst), och en bakre, mjukare med mjukstrålar (14 – 15). Även analfenan är uppdelad, med 3 taggstrålar och 8 mjukstrålar. Bröstfenorna består endast av mjukstrålar, mellan 18 och 20 till antalet.[4] Potatisgroupern är en stor fisk; som mest kan den bli 2 meter lång och väga 110 kg.[5]
Vanor
Arten lever vid korallrev; ungfiskarna uppehåller sig gärna på grunt vatten som tidvattensdammar och liknande, men de äldre fiskarna vistas på djup mellan 10 och 150 m. Födan består av andra revfiskar, rockor, krabbor och languster. Arten är revirhävdande och starkt aggressiv mot inkräktare.[4]
Fortplantning
Arten blir könsmogen vid en längd mellan 90 och 99 cm. Likt många andra groupers är den troligen hermafrodit med könsväxling.[1]
Betydelse för människan
Arten är en populär sportfisk som fångas på spö och med ljuster.[4] Den senare metoden är dock förenad med stora risker för fiskaren.[5] Ett mindre, kommersiellt fiske förekommer också.[1]
Status
IUCN klassificerar den som livskraftig ("LC"); några säkra data om populationernas utveckling finns dock inte, och IUCN anger överfiske och habitatförlust (bland annat på grund av olagliga fiskemetoder som nätfiske över korallrev och användning av sprängämne) som möjliga hot.[1]
Utbredning
Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig, fläckvis, från västra Indiska oceanen och Röda havet (Östafrika ner till KwaZulu-Natal i Sydafrika) till västra Stilla havet, söderut till norra Australien och norrut till södra Japan (där den dock är mycket sällsynt).[1]
Referenser
- ^ [a b c d e] Fennessy, S., Pollard, D. & Myers, R. 2008 Epinephelus tukula (på engelska). Från: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Läst 2012-03-23.
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^ ”Epinephelus tukula (Morgans, 1959)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=551104. Läst 23 mars 2012.
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^ Livsmedelsverkets föreskrifter om handelsbeteckningar på fiskeri- och vattenbruksprodukter Arkiverad 16 september 2012 hämtat från the Wayback Machine. Livsmedelsverket 2008
- ^ [a b c] Phillip C. Heemstra, John E. Randall (1993). ”FAO Species Catalogue - Vol 16. Groupers of the World” (på engelska) (FTP, 884 kB). FAO. sid. 8. http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/009/t0540e/T0540E34.pdf. Läst 23 december 2017. Phillip C. Heemstra, John E. Randall (1993). ”FAO Species Catalogue - Vol 16. Groupers of the World” (på engelska) (FTP, 384 kB). FAO. sid. 1. http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/009/t0540e/T0540E35.pdf. Läst 23 december 2017.
- ^ [a b] Binohlan, Crispina B. (15 november 2011). ”Epinephelus tukula (Morgans, 1959) Potato cod” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Epinephelus-tukula.html. Läst 23 mars 2012.
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Potatisgrouper: Brief Summary
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tarjonnut wikipedia SV
Potatisgrouper (Epinephelus tukula) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns från västra Indiska oceanen och Röda havet till västra Stilla havet.
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黑斑石斑鱼
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tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科
黑斑石斑鱼: Brief Summary
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kiina
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tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科
黑斑石斑鱼(学名:Epinephelus tukula),又稱藍身大石斑魚,为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科石斑鱼属的鱼类,俗名蓝身大斑石斑鱼。分布於印度西太平洋區,從紅海、東非至澳洲昆士蘭海域,棲息深度10-150公尺,體長可達200公分,生活在珊瑚礁區,為底棲性魚類,屬肉食性,以魚類、甲殼類等為食,可做為食用魚及遊釣魚,養殖中叫金錢班。该物种的模式产地在Mafia、Tanzania。
Description
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englanti
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tarjonnut World Register of Marine Species
Juveniles may be found in tidepools. Feeds on reef fishes, skates, crabs, and spiny lobsters. Considered to be exceedingly territorial and very aggressive towards intruders. These qualities make it vulnerable to spearfishermen.
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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