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Spines on back coated with a venomous mucus. If accidentally step on this well camouflaged fish, spines may be highly toxic.
Scorpaena plumieri és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels escorpènids.[4]
Menja principalment peixos i crustacis.[5]
És depredat per Lutjanus analis, Lutjanus apodus i Dasyatis americana.[10]
És un peix marí, associat als esculls de corall i de clima subtropical (41°N-21°S) que viu entre 5-55 m de fondària.[5]
Es troba a l'Atlàntic occidental (des de Bermuda, Massachusetts i el nord del Golf de Mèxic fins al sud del Brasil) i l'Atlàntic oriental (l'illa de l'Ascensió i Santa Helena).[5][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]
Jeu immòbil en el fons.[42]
És consumit a nivell local i hom diu que té un sabor semblant al pollastre.[5]
És verinós per als humans[43] i es comercialitza com a peix d'aquari a Ceará (el Brasil).[5][44]
Scorpaena plumieri és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels escorpènids.
Scorpaena plumieri, the spotted scorpionfish, is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean.
Scorpaena plumieri was first formally described in 1789 by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch with the type locality given as Martinique.[3] The specific name honors Charles Plumier, a Franciscan friar and naturalist, who discovered this fish at Martinique. Bloch based his description on Plumier’s drawing of it.[4]
It has a robust body, with a dorsal fin with 12 spines, nine soft rays, and the pectoral fin with 18–21 fin rays. Venom glands are associated with dorsal fin spines to defend against predators. It has a suborbital crest formed by infraorbital bones two and three, with one or two spines each. Under the eyes, they have fleshy plumes, known as "cirrae", with flaps of skin around the chin and head. They have wide and fan-shaped pectoral fins, the dorsal fin is continuous and notched, while the caudal fin is truncated. The maxilla reaches beyond the eyes and the mouth is terminal. It has a well developed occipital pit. It is the largest scorpion fish in the Atlantic and Caribbean oceans; the largest reported size was 45 centimetres (18 in) long, although on average, this species grows from 18 to 36 centimetres (7.1 to 14.2 in), and can weigh 1.55 kilograms (3.4 lb).
The color of this species varies from brown to black with a light background, the areas before the caudal fin are abruptly paler. The head has dark spots, the ventral surface is orange / red. Its fins have dark bands and spots, with a light background, but most often with green spots. In the middle and near the end, the tail fin has dark bars. Inside the fins of the chest, it is stained white. When it feels threatened, the pectoral fins extend and display a bright color.[5]
It inhabits the western Atlantic Ocean, from Bermuda to Massachusetts, and from the northern Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil. It is also found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, around Ascension Island and St. Helena. They inhabit shallow coral reefs and rocky areas, moderately common from 5–55 metres (16–180 ft) deep. It remains motionless, on the lower substrate, waiting for prey to attack.[5]
Like other scorpion fish, these animals do not actively hunt, as they are ambush predators, camouflaging themselves to approach prey. It uses its large mouth as a vacuum and sucks its prey quickly, preys of this species include fishes and crustaceans.[5]
Scorpionfish use a tactic of kinematic timing [6] which is a type of technique used to fixate on prey and their general position based on the hinter's body. Scorpionfish will only attack when a prey's position would be likely to succumb to an attack. In addition to their ambush predation, kinematic timing allows scorpionfish to wait for the best possible prey option. [7]
While the reproduction of these animals is not well known, it is known that they are oviparous, with the female producing transparent or greenish eggs.[5]
Major predators of this species include the schoolmaster (Lutjanus apodus) and mutton snappers (Lutjanus analis).[5]
The spines located on the back of the fish inject venom, so these animals can pose a danger to humans. The venom has hemorrhagic, hemolytic and proteolytic activities and contains cardiotoxins, which cause a drop in blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rate. Symptoms include excruciating pain at the site, followed by edema, erythema and occasionally skin necrosis. Other symptoms include adenopathy, nausea, vomiting, agitation, malaise, sweating, tachycardia, arrhythmias, difficulty breathing and severe hypotension. The main treatment for pain is to immerse the affected limb in hot water (45–50 ° C) until the pain is relieved. The LD50 for the venom of this species is 0.28 mg / kg.[8][9]
Scorpaena plumieri, the spotted scorpionfish, is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean.
Scorpaena plumieri Scorpaena generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scorpaenidae familian sailkatzen da.
Scorpaena plumieri Scorpaena generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scorpaenidae familian sailkatzen da.
Scorpaena plumieri behoort tot het geslacht Scorpaena van de familie van schorpioenvissen. Deze soort komt voor in het Atlantische Oceaan van Bermuda, Massachusetts, het noorden van de Golf van Mexico tot het zuiden Brazilië en ook rondom Sint Helena. De soort leeft op diepten tot 1-60 meter diep meestal 5 tot 55m. Zijn lengte bedraagt een 45 cm en zijn gewicht kan gaan tot 1550 g. De vis is giftig.
Scorpaena plumieri behoort tot het geslacht Scorpaena van de familie van schorpioenvissen. Deze soort komt voor in het Atlantische Oceaan van Bermuda, Massachusetts, het noorden van de Golf van Mexico tot het zuiden Brazilië en ook rondom Sint Helena. De soort leeft op diepten tot 1-60 meter diep meestal 5 tot 55m. Zijn lengte bedraagt een 45 cm en zijn gewicht kan gaan tot 1550 g. De vis is giftig.
普氏鮋，為輻鰭魚綱鮋形目鮋亞目鮋科的其中一種，為亞熱帶海水魚，分布於西大西洋美國麻州至百慕達群島、墨西哥灣北部及巴西，東大西洋聖赫勒拿島及亞森松島海域，棲息深度1-60公尺，體長可達45公分，棲息在水淺的珊瑚礁、岩礁區底層水域，以甲殼類、魚類為食，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚及觀賞魚，具有毒性。
普氏鮋，為輻鰭魚綱鮋形目鮋亞目鮋科的其中一種，為亞熱帶海水魚，分布於西大西洋美國麻州至百慕達群島、墨西哥灣北部及巴西，東大西洋聖赫勒拿島及亞森松島海域，棲息深度1-60公尺，體長可達45公分，棲息在水淺的珊瑚礁、岩礁區底層水域，以甲殼類、魚類為食，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚及觀賞魚，具有毒性。
