El Pardalotus rubricatus[2] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Pardalotidae endémica d'Australia.
Ye dalgo mayor que'l Pardalotus quadragintus, con un llargor ente los 10 y 12 cm, y de color menos llamativu, con tonos más claros y combinando'l diseñu del pileu de Pardalotus punctatus, enmarcáu poles llistes superciliares acolorataes que lu carautericen, y les ales llistaes del Pardalotus striatus.
Ocupa los dos tercios septentrionales d'Australia. Ye abondosu na parte noroeste de la so área de distribución pero raru nel este. Quier más los montes secos, les sabanes d'acacies, y les arbolees asitiaes a lo llargo de los regueros.
El pardalotus rubricatus constrúi'l so nial baxo tierra, al final d'un túnel escaváu en suelu.
El Pardalotus rubricatus ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Pardalotidae endémica d'Australia.
Pardalotus rubricatus és un ocell de la família dels pardalòtids (Pardalotidae) que habita boscos clars del nord i centre d'Austràlia.
En diverses llengües rep el nom de "pardalot de celles roges" (Anglès: Red-browed Pardalote. Francès: Pardalote à sourcils rouges).
Pardalotus rubricatus és un ocell de la família dels pardalòtids (Pardalotidae) que habita boscos clars del nord i centre d'Austràlia.
En diverses llengües rep el nom de "pardalot de celles roges" (Anglès: Red-browed Pardalote. Francès: Pardalote à sourcils rouges).
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pardalot aelgoch (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: pardalotiau aelgoch) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pardalotus rubricatus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Red-browed Pardalote. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Pigwyr blodau (Lladin: Dicaeidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. rubricatus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]
Mae'r pardalot aelgoch yn perthyn i deulu'r Pigwyr blodau (Lladin: Dicaeidae). Weithiau mae'r teulu hwn yn cael ei ystyried yn rhan o deulu ehangach: teulu'r Adar haul (Categori:Nectarinidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:
Rhestr Wicidata:
rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Aderyn haul cynffonhir Hedydipna platurus Aderyn haul eurgoch Nectarinia kilimensis Aderyn haul Jafa Aethopyga mystacalis Aderyn haul Newton Anabathmis newtonii Aderyn haul Principe Anabathmis hartlaubii Aderyn haul rhuddgoch Aethopyga siparaja Aderyn haul Sangihe Aethopyga duyvenbodei Aderyn haul torchog Hedydipna collaris Aderyn haul ystlyswyn Aethopyga eximia Cyanomitra verticalis Cyanomitra verticalis Pigwr blodau brongoch y Gorllewin Prionochilus thoracicus Pigwr blodau bronfelyn Prionochilus maculatusAderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pardalot aelgoch (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: pardalotiau aelgoch) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pardalotus rubricatus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Red-browed Pardalote. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Pigwyr blodau (Lladin: Dicaeidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. rubricatus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.
The red-browed pardalote (Pardalotus rubricatus) is a small brightly coloured insectivorous passerine, endemic to Australia (Schodde & Mason 1999). A gleaning specialist, they forage primarily in eucalypt trees (Woinarski 1984). The Latin word rubricatus means 'red-ochred' which is descriptive of their orange-red eyebrow (Higgins & Peter 2002). Other common names include red-browed diamondbird, bellbird, cape red-browed, pale red-browed, fawn-eyed, fawn-eyebrowed and pallid or red-lored pardalote (Higgins & Peter 2002).
Red-browed pardalotes belong to the order Passeriformes and family Pardalotidae of which four species are recognised: red-browed pardalote Pardalotus rubricatus, spotted pardalote Pardalotus punctatus, forty-spotted pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus and striated pardalote Pardalotus striatus. Historically, the family Pardalotidae included pardalotes and acanthizid warblers; gerygones, scrubwrens and thornbills (Christidis & Boles 2008). However, recent phylogenetic and morphological studies (Driskell & Christidis 2004), (Schodde & Mason 1999) indicate that pardalotes are more closely related to honeyeaters than acanthizid warblers, which resulted in the separation of this group into two families, Pardalotidae and Acanthizidae (Christidis & Boles 2008). The pardalote, acanthizid warbler, honeyeater and bristlebird family, form a monophyletic group (Christidis & Boles 2008).
Matthews described the subspecies Pardalotus yorki in 1913 (Higgins & Peter 2002). Their range begins at the base of the Gulf of Carpentaria and extends north along the Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland (Schodde & Mason 1999). Difference in morphology and plumage distinguish this subspecies from the nominate race (Higgins & Peter 2002).
Adult red–browed pardalotes are a large pardalote with an average length of 105 mm and wingspan of 60–66 mm. Males weigh approximately 10.9g and females weigh 10.8 g. The average length of the male tarsus is 18.3 mm and female tarsus is 18.5 mm (Higgins & Peter 2002). The subspecies yorki are smaller in size, 100–120 mm long and weigh less at 9.3 g. The average length of the male tarsus is 17.4 mm and female tarsus is 17.3 mm (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Simpson, Day & Trusler 1999). Their wingspan is 58–62 mm in length (Schodde & Mason 1999).
The red–browed pardalote does not exhibit plumage that changes seasonally and is not sexually dichromatic (Higgins & Peter 2002). The nominate race rubricatus have a pale iris, a black crown with distinctive white spots and a yellow to buff supercilium. They have a red to orange-red brow and a yellow breast patch with yellow wing panels (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Simpson, Day & Trusler 1999). Juvenile birds are generally paler in comparison to adults (Simpson, Day & Trusler 1999). They have a darker iris that is olive to pale olive, a duller crown with less obvious patterning and a dull orange-yellow brow (Higgins & Peter 2002).
The sub-species yorki are generally more brightly coloured than the nominate race (Simpson, Day & Trusler 1999). They have an iris that is straw-brown or yellow, a black crown with fine spots; fine dark scalloping across their mantel and hind neck. They have a bright yellow breast patch, yellow rump and an orange wing panel (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Schodde & Mason 1999). Plumage of the juvenile yorki subspecies has not been described (Higgins & Peter 2002).
The call of the red-browed pardalote is a distinctive five or six note song, with the first note longer and lower pitched than the remaining notes which increase in pitch and speed (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Simpson, Day & Trusler 1999). Males call periodically between feeding to announce their territory from a sheltered perch within the trees canopy (Schodde & Tidemann 1986). It has been described as sounding similar to the call of a rosella species (Higgins & Peter 2002).
The red-browed pardalote is a widely distributed species ranging from north and central Australia, south and south central Western Australia, northeast South Australia ( Lake Eyre Basin) to south west New South Wales. They may also be found throughout the Great Sandy, Gibson and Great Victoria Desert (Higgins & Peter 2002). They live in a wide range of habitats including woodlands, shrublands, tropical, arid and semi-arid regions of Australia (Higgins & Peter 2002). Eucalypt woodlands, which border watercourses such as riparian river red gum, coolibah woodlands and tall eucalypt shrublands such as mallee, are the preferred habitats (Costello 1981), (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Hornsby 1996), (Pedler & Ragless 1978).
In the desert sand-ridge country of Western Australia, red-browed pardalotes forage in the upper story of bloodwoods and marble gums dispersed amongst sand dunes (Pianka & Pianka 1970). They have also been recorded in bloodwood-banksia, low–acacia and eucalypt–paperbark woodlands, mulga, acacia shrublands, spinifex plains and grasslands (Badman 1979), (Cody 1991), (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Rix 1970). Red-browed pardalotes may also inhabit sand dunes, rocky outcrops, valleys and floodplains (Higgins & Peter 2002).
Red-browed pardalotes are sedentary (Blakers, Davies & Reilly 1985) and hold foraging territories throughout the year (Schodde & Tidemann 1986). They are usually seen singly, in pairs or small groups of up to five or six birds (Higgins & Peter 2002). They are arboreal and spend most of their time foraging in the foliage of eucalypt trees (Woinarski 1985). Their 'scoop-shaped' bill is used to glean insects and lerps (exudates of psyllids) from the leaf surface (Schodde & Mason 1999), (Woinarski 1984). Lerps are a major food source for pardalotes providing sugar and carbohydrates (Woinarski 1984). They also consume arthropods, beetles (Coleoptera species), gum leaf beetle (Paropsis species), flies, mosquitoes, flowerflies, leafhoppers, shield bugs, psyllids, bees, ants, wasps and vegetable matter (Barker & Vestjens 1990).
The red-browed pardalote breeds between July and December and after rainfall in arid zones (Schodde & Tidemann 1986). Pairs are monogamous and maintain breeding territories (Higgins & Peter 2002), (Schodde & Tidemann 1986). Both the male and female excavate a tunnel 6–122 cm long and a nesting chamber 10–12.7 cm deep, 6.3–10 cm wide and 14.0 cm high. This can be found in a range of locations, including sandy banks, gullies, cuttings, sand dunes, sand cliffs or piles of sand and soil (Higgins & Peter 2002).
Red-browed pardalotes may also excavate the burrows of kangaroo rats (Potoroidae), hopping mice (Notomys) and bilbies (Macrotis lagotis) (Higgins & Peter 2002). They occasionally nest in tree hollows, spouts or hollow branches (Costello 1981), (Parsons 1921). A bird was once recorded nesting halfway down an iron pipe that was set upright in the ground (Campbell 1921).
Nests may be constructed of strips of bark, horsehair and are lined with fine grass or bark and shaped into a rounded cup within the excavated chamber (Campbell 1909), (Higgins & Peter 2002). A clutch of up to four white, oval, semi-glossy eggs measuring 19mm x 15 mm are laid (Beruldsen 1980). The incubation period is unknown, however both sexes incubate the eggs. Chicks are altricial and are fed by both adults (Higgins & Peter 2002).
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has categorised the red-browed pardalote as a species of least concern. Although its population size has not been quantified, the species is common throughout its range, and its population is considered to be stable.[1]
Badman, F.J. (1979), "Birds of the southern and western Lake Eyre drainage", South Australian Ornithologist, 28: 57–81
Barker, R.D.; Vestjens, W.J.M. (1990), The food of Australian Birds – passerines, Canberra: CSIRO Publishing
BirdLife International (2014), Species factsheet Pardalotus rubricatus, retrieved 2014-07-28
Blakers, M.; Davies, S.J.J.F.; Reilly, P N. (1985), The Atlas of Australian Birds, Melbourne: Globe press
Beruldsen, G. (1980), A Field Guide To Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds, Melbourne: Rugby Publishers
Campbell, A.J. (1909), "Annotations", Emu, 8 (3): 142, doi:10.1071/mu908142
Campbell, A.J. (1921), "Annotations", Emu, 21: 1, doi:10.1071/MU921001
Christidis, L.; Boles, W.E. (2008), Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds, Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing
Cody, M.L. (1991), "Distributional notes from southwest and northeast Australia", The Sunbird, 21: 1–9
Costello, J (1981), "Birds observed in the Mungindi area", Australian Bird Watcher, 9: 5–67
Driskell, A.C.; Christidis, L. (2004), "Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters ( Passeriformes, Meliphagidae)", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31 (3): 943–960, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.017, PMID 15120392
Higgins, P. J; Peter, J.M (2002), Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, vol. 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes, Melbourne: Oxford University Press
Hornsby, P. (1996), "Red-browed Pardalotes Pardalotus Rubricatus within the Flinders Ranges", South Australian Ornithologist, 32: 86–87
Parsons, F.E. (1921), "Notes on a motor trip from Adelaide to Western Queensland", South Australian Ornithologist, 6: 12–23
Pedler, L.P.; Ragless, G.B. (1978), "Birds observed near lakes Frome and Callabonna", South Australian Ornithologist, 27: 274–276
Pianka, H.D.; Pianka, E.R. (1970), "Bird censuses from desert localities in Western Australia", Emu, 70: 17–22, doi:10.1071/mu970017
Schodde, R.; Tidemann, S. (1986), Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds, Sydney: Reader's Digest Services, ISBN 0-949819-99-9
Rix, C.E. (1970), "Birds of the Northern Territory", South Australian Ornithologist, 25: 147–90
Schodde, R.; Mason, I.J (1999), Directory of Australian birds: passerines, Australia: CSIRO Publishing
Simpson, K.; Day, N.; Trusler, P. (1999), The Claremont Field Guide to the Birds of Australia (6th ed.), Australia: Penguin
Woinarski, J.C.Z (1984), "Small birds, lerp-feeding and the problem of honeyeaters", Emu, 84 (3): 137–141, doi:10.1071/mu9840137
Woinarski, J.C.Z. (1985), Keast; et al. (eds.), Foliage gleaners of the tree tops, the pardalotes: In Birds of the Eucalypt Forests and Woodlands, Sydney: Surrey Beatty, pp. 165–175
The red-browed pardalote (Pardalotus rubricatus) is a small brightly coloured insectivorous passerine, endemic to Australia (). A gleaning specialist, they forage primarily in eucalypt trees (). The Latin word rubricatus means 'red-ochred' which is descriptive of their orange-red eyebrow (). Other common names include red-browed diamondbird, bellbird, cape red-browed, pale red-browed, fawn-eyed, fawn-eyebrowed and pallid or red-lored pardalote ().
El pardalote cejirrojo (Pardalotus rubricatus)[2] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Pardalotidae endémica de Australia.
Es algo mayor que el pardalote tasmano, con una longitud entre los 10 y 12 cm, y de color menos llamativo, con tonos más claros y combinando el diseño del píleo de pardalote moteado, enmarcado por las listas superciliares rojizas que le caracterizan, y las alas listadas del pardalote estriado.
Ocupa los dos tercios septentrionales de Australia. Es abundante en la parte noroeste de su área de distribución pero raro en la este. Prefiere los bosques secos, las sabanas de acacias, y las arboledas situadas a lo largo de los arroyos.
El pardalote cejirrojo construye su nido bajo tierra, al final de un túnel excavado en el suelo.
El pardalote cejirrojo (Pardalotus rubricatus) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Pardalotidae endémica de Australia.
Pardalotus rubricatus Pardalotus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Pardalotidae familian sailkatua dago.
Pardalotus rubricatus Pardalotus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Pardalotidae familian sailkatua dago.
Kultasiipihelmikäs (Pardalotus rubricatus)[2] on helmikkäiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.
Kultasiipihelmikästä tavataan laajalla alueella Australiassa. Levinneisyysalueensa itäosia lukuun ottamatta sen on kuvattu olevan melko yleinen, ja sen kannankehitys on vakaa. Laji on luokiteltu elinvoimaiseksi.[1]
Kultasiipihelmikäs (Pardalotus rubricatus) on helmikkäiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.
Pardalotus rubricatus
Le Pardalote à sourcils rouges (Pardalotus rubricatus) est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Pardalotidae endémique à l'Australie. C'est la plus grosse espèce du genre Pardalotus.
Le mâle et la femelle sont identiques : 11 à 12 cm ; dessous blanchâtre, marqué de jaunâtre sur la gorge et les sous-caudales ; dos beige ; ailes et queue noires avec le bord des plumes roux et blanc ; nuque et calotte noires tachetés de blancs ; sourcils jaune orangé et rouges ; iris blanc ; pattes grises ; bec bicolore : mandibule supérieure grise, inférieure couleur chair. Le juvenile possède un plumage similaire à l'adulte mais beaucoup plus terne et les sourcils sont de la même couleur que le dessous du corps : jaune pâle ; iris brun noir[1].
Bois ouverts d'eucalyptus ou/et de mulga en zones arides, souvent le long de cours d'eau ou de lit de rivières assechés.
D'après la classification de référence (version 5.2, 2015) du Congrès ornithologique international, cette espèce est constituée des deux sous-espèces suivantes :
Pardalotus rubricatus
Le Pardalote à sourcils rouges (Pardalotus rubricatus) est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Pardalotidae endémique à l'Australie. C'est la plus grosse espèce du genre Pardalotus.
Il pardaloto cigliarosse (Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, 1838) è un uccello passeriforme della famiglia Pardalotidae[2].
Il nome scientifico della specie, rubricatus, deriva dal latino e significa "segnato di ocra rossa", in riferimento alla loro livrea.
Misura 9-11,5 cm di lunghezza, per 9-14 g di peso[3].
Si tratta di uccelli dall'aspetto robusto e paffuto, muniti di grossa testa con becco corto e forte di forma conica, ali appuntite, zampe corte e forti e coda corta e squadrata.
Il piumaggio è nero su fronte e calotta, con singole penne munite ciascuna di una macchia circolare bianca sulla punta, mentre il sopracciglio (come intuibile sia dal nome comune che dal nome scientifico) è di colore giallo-arancio: dello stesso colore è anche una macchia romboidale al centro del petto, mentre testa e dorso sono grigi, le copritrici e coda sono nere con singole penne dagli orli bianchi, le remiganti sono nere con base giallo-dorata, il codione ed il sottocoda sono giallastri e gola, petto e ventre sono di color bianco-beige con sfumature rosate. Dai lati del becco all'area dell'orecchio è presente una sottile banda nerastra che attraversa l'occhio, a formare una mascherina.
Il becco è di colore grigiastro con punta più scura e tendente al nerastro, le zampe sono di color carnicino-bluastro e gli occhi sono di colore bruno-ambrato.
Si tratta di uccelli principalmente diurni, che vivono da soli o in coppie, passando la maggior parte della giornata fra gli alberi alla ricerca di cibo, emettendo saltuariamente a scopo territoriale un richiamo che consiste in 2-6 note fischiate piuttosto alte.
La dieta di questi uccelli è basata sulle larve di psillidi, ricche di melata, che rinvengono fra le foglie degli eucalipti: essi si nutrono inoltre (sebbene in misura minore) di una varietà di altri piccoli insetti ed invertebrati, bacche e frutta.
Questi animali sembrerebbero in grado di riprodursi durante tutto l'arco dell'anno, con picchi fra agosto ed ottobre[3], favorendo per dare inizio alla nidificazione i periodi immediatamente successivi alle piogge.
Si tratta di uccelli monogami, nei quali ambedue i sessi collaborano nelle varie fasi dell'evento riproduttivo.
Il nido è a forma di coppa e viene costruito di preferenza in una camera ovale in fondo a un tunnel che può superare il metro e venti di lunghezza: i pardaloti cigliarosse solitamente scavano i propri tunnel in cumuli di terra smossa da poco o nei terreni a prevalenza sabbiosa, ma possono servirsi anche di tane scavate in precedenza da altri animali (ratti canguro, bilby o topi saltatori) o in tubature poggiate sul terreno, così come nidificare in cavità dei rami spezzati anche non nelle immediate vicinanze del suolo.
Nella camera di cova, foderata nella metà inferiore di fibre vegetale, pelo e pezzetti di corteccia, la femmina depone 3-4 uova biancastre arrotondate e lucide, che essa si alterna a covare col maschio per una ventina di giorni, al termine dei quali schiudono pulli ciechi ed implumi.
I nidiacei vengono nutriti e accuditi da ambedue i genitori: in tal modo, essi s'involano attorno ai venti giorni di vita, rendendosi del tutto indipendenti dai genitori (che cominciano frattanto a seguire nei loro movimenti alla ricerca di cibo, chiedendo loro sempre più sporadicamente l'imbeccata) attorno al mese e mezzo dalla schiusa.
Il pardaloto cigliarosse è endemico dell'Australia, della quale occupa un vasto areale che comprende praticamente tutto il territorio a nord del bacino del lago Eyre, spaziando da Geraldton ad ovest a Rockhampton ad est e mancando praticamente solo dalla fascia costiera della terra di Arnhem e dall'area di confine fra Pilbara e Kimberley.
L'habitat di questi uccelli è rappresentato dalle aree boschive o cespugliose a predominanza di eucalipto, con predilezione per la foresta ripariale.
Se ne riconoscono due sottospecie[2]:
Alcuni autori riconoscerebbero inoltre una sottospecie parryi della porzione più occidentale dell'areale (sinonimizzata con la nominale) ed una sottospecie carpentariae della costa orientale del golfo di Carpentaria (sinonimizzata con yorki)[3].
Il pardaloto cigliarosse (Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, 1838) è un uccello passeriforme della famiglia Pardalotidae.
De roodbrauwdiamantvogel (Pardalotus rubricatus) is een zangvogel uit de familie Pardalotidae (diamantvogels).
Deze soort komt voor in Australië en telt 2 ondersoorten:
De roodbrauwdiamantvogel (Pardalotus rubricatus) is een zangvogel uit de familie Pardalotidae (diamantvogels).
Pardalotos rubricatus é uma espécie de ave da família Pardalotidae, comum no nordeste da Austrália, eles medem entre 10 e 12 cm.[1]
Pardalotos rubricatus é uma espécie de ave da família Pardalotidae, comum no nordeste da Austrália, eles medem entre 10 e 12 cm.
Rödbrynad pardalot[2] (Pardalotus rubricatus) är en fågel i familjen pardaloter inom ordningen tättingar.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]
Rödbrynad pardalot delas in i två underarter:[3]
Rödbrynad pardalot (Pardalotus rubricatus) är en fågel i familjen pardaloter inom ordningen tättingar. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.
Rödbrynad pardalot delas in i två underarter:
P. r. yorki – förekommer på Kap Yorkhalvön (Queensland) P. r. rubricatus – förekommer i norra och centrala Australien och kusttrakter i västra AustralienPardalotus rubricatus là một loài chim trong họ Pardalotidae.[2]
Pardalotus rubricatus là một loài chim trong họ Pardalotidae.
Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, 1838
Охранный статусКраснобровая радужная птица[1] (лат. Pardalotus rubricatus) — австралийский вид воробьинообразных птиц из семейства радужных птиц (Pardalotidae).
Небольшая птица длиной от 10 до 12 см. Половой диморфизм не выражен.
Населяет открытые, сухие леса часто вдоль рек или сухого русла реки на северо-западе Австралии.
Краснобровая радужная птица (лат. Pardalotus rubricatus) — австралийский вид воробьинообразных птиц из семейства радужных птиц (Pardalotidae).