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Observed predators of eggs and nestlings include chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and many species of snakes (Pantherophis obsoletus, Coluber constrictor, Lampropeltis, Thamnophis sirtalis, Lampropeltis calligaster). The most common predators recorded are black rat snakes (Pantherophis obsoletus). Likely predators include red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), grey foxes (Urocyon cineoargenteus), weasels (Mustela), mink (Neovison vison), skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and opossums (Didelphis virginianus). Field sparrows use a "chip" call to alert others to a threat. They will use a broken-wing display to distract predators from their nest.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Male field sparrows are slightly larger than females, but both sexes have similar plumage. They are reddish brown on their heads and back with gray, un-streaked bellies. They have two white wing bands, a white eye ring, and a rusty brown stripe extending from the eye. Their bill and legs are pinkish, helping to distinguish them from other sparrows. They might be confused with Worthen's sparrows (Spizella wortheni) in southern New Mexico, but they lack the rufous stripe from the eye, a different song, and black legs.
Range mass: 11.4 to 15.7 g.
Range length: 12.5 to 15 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
Maximum recorded age in the wild is 8 years 9 months, based on banding records. Annual male survivorship is estimated at 53% and annual female survivorship at 36%. Winter range conditions may result in higher mortality. Approximately 50% of fledglings are thought to die before the fall of their hatch year.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 8.75 years.
Field sparrows can be common in preferred habitat, but are rarely found near human habitation, even in appropriate habitat. They are found in open, savanna-like habitats, such as successional old fields, forest edges and openings, fencerows and road or railway cuts near open fields, and occasional orchards and nurseries. They are found only in fields with some trees or shrubs that provide perches. Once succesional habitats become overgrown with trees and shrubs, field sparrows are no longer found there.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland
Field sparrows are found throughout the eastern United States from just east of the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Coast and from North Dakota to southern Texas in the west and New Hampshire to Florida in the east. They are also found in southern Ontario and southernmost Quebec. Their breeding and wintering ranges overlap substantially and they are found year-round throughout much of their range except for the northernmost and southernmost portions. Some populations are resident year-round while others undertake short migrations.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Field sparrows take seeds, primarily grass seeds, throughout the year. Grass seeds make up less than 50% of their diet in the summer, but more than 90% in the winter. In the summer, breeding season they also take adult and larval insects and spiders. They forage on the ground, most often near some form of vegetative cover. In the breeding season field sparrows forage on their own or with a mate, but they form small foraging flocks in winter. They take fallen seeds or land on grass stems and push them to the ground, where they remove the seeds. They use perches to briefly scan for insect prey.
Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts
Primary Diet: herbivore (Granivore )
Many kinds of ectoparasites are found on field sparrows, including feather mites. They are also infected by Plasmodium species. Field sparrows are important predators of grass seeds in their savanna and edge habitats. Nests are parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), although frequency varies regionally. Most parasitized nests are deserted by the female. If a field sparrow nest is successfully parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds, their overall nesting success is greatly reduced and few of the cowbird nestlings are successfully raised.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
There are no direct positive impacts of field sparrows on humans. They are an interesting member of the native, North American bird fauna and are appreciated for their song.
There are no adverse effects of field sparrows on humans.
Field sparrows are sensitive to habitat disturbance and have fairly narrow habitat preferences. They are not found in areas with human habitations, which are expanding currently. Available habitat may increase in areas with recent forest cutting, or decrease in areas with predominantly successional habitats, which become inappropriate for field sparrows as they grow. Populations have experienced declines across their range, but field sparrows are widespread and fairly common where habitat is appropriate, so they are not considered threatened currently. However, populations in Colorado are considered critically imperiled and populations in New Hampshire, Massachusets, Maine, Quebec, and the Canadian maritime provinces are considered vulnerable.
US Migratory Bird Act: protected
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Field sparrows are recognized by their distinctive, pretty song, consisting of soft whistles that accelerate towards a trill. Males use songs to advertise territories during the breeding season. Young field sparrows learn songs from their parents. Field sparrows also have a repertoire of other calls, including a foraging note ("seep"), courtship calls, trill calls used in territorial defense and courtship, cricket calls used by females at the nest, chip calls given in the presence of a threat, and "zeeee" or "eeeee" calls used with threats.
Communication Channels: acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Field sparrows are monogamous. Males seem to use their simple songs to attract a mate, the frequency of simple songs decreases after a pair bond forms. Males accompany females during nest building and begin copulatory behavior while the nest is being built. Females seem to find a male mate within a few days of arriving in their breeding area and remain with their mate for a breeding season. A small number of individuals mate with each other again in following years. Extra-pair copulations have been observed.
Mating System: monogamous
Field sparrows breed from April through August each year. They lay up to 4 clutches per breeding season. Multiple nesting attempts are typical because of high rates of nest predation and desertion. Fledglings still dependent on their parents have been observed as late as October. Females choose a nest site and construct a bowl-like nest of woven grass in vegetation near trees and saplings. Nests early in the season are built on or near the ground, but later in the season, after woody vegetation has leafed out, they may be in the branches of shrubs or small trees. During egg laying the parents don't seem to protect the nest. If eggs are taken by predators, the parents will attempt to build a new nest elsewhere. Females lay from 2 to 5 eggs and begin incubating just before the last egg is laid. Females may delay incubation until well after the last egg is laid if the weather is cold and wet. Incubation is generally from 11 to 12 days long, but can be from 10 to 17 days. Young fledge 7 to 8 days after hatching, begin to fly at 13 to 14 days after hatching, and become independent within 24 to 36 days after hatching. Young are sexually mature in the year following their hatching.
Breeding interval: Field sparrows breed in the warm season, attempting several clutches in each breeding season. From 2.9 to 4 clutch attempts per breeding is typical.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs throughout much of the warm season, with eggs laid from April through August.
Range eggs per season: 2 to 5.
Range time to hatching: 10 to 17 days.
Average time to hatching: 11-12 days.
Range fledging age: 7 to 8 days.
Range time to independence: 24 to 36 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
Females incubate eggs and brood hatchlings, spending about 70% of their time on the nest. Males will occasionally feed incubating females. Males and females feed hatchlings approximately equally. Young are altricial at hatching and mostly naked. They develop gray downy plumage, their eyes open at 4 days old, and they can stand by about 5 days old. Parents continue to feed their young through the hatchling phase and into the post-fledging period; they feed and protect young for 26 to 34 days after hatching, about 17 to 28 days after fledging. Males can take over feeding of fledglings if the female begins to construct another nest to begin a subsequent brood.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)
A small (5 inches) bunting, the Field Sparrow in summer is most easily identified by its mottled brown back, gray face and neck, rusty red crown, and conspicuous pink bill. This species may be distinguished from the similarly-patterned American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) by that species’ larger size, grayer head, and darker bill. Male and female Field Sparrows are similar to one another in all seasons. The Field Sparrow breeds across the eastern United States and extreme southern Canada west to the Great Plains. In winter, northerly-breeding populations migrate south into the southeastern U.S. and northern Mexico. Populations breeding further south migrate short distances if at all. Field Sparrows breed in a number of semi-open habitats, including forest edges, bushy fields, and thickets near farmland. This species utilizes similar habitats in winter as in summer. Field Sparrows primarily eat seeds, but also eats small insects during the summer months. In appropriate habitat, Field Sparrows may be seen on the ground or in low vegetation while foraging for food. Birdwatchers may also listen for this species’ song, a series of whistled notes steadily increasing in pitch and frequency. Field Sparrows are primarily active during the day.
A small (5 inches) bunting, the Field Sparrow in summer is most easily identified by its mottled brown back, gray face and neck, rusty red crown, and conspicuous pink bill. This species may be distinguished from the similarly-patterned American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) by that species’ larger size, grayer head, and darker bill. Male and female Field Sparrows are similar to one another in all seasons. The Field Sparrow breeds across the eastern United States and extreme southern Canada west to the Great Plains. In winter, northerly-breeding populations migrate south into the southeastern U.S. and northern Mexico. Populations breeding further south migrate short distances if at all. Field Sparrows breed in a number of semi-open habitats, including forest edges, bushy fields, and thickets near farmland. This species utilizes similar habitats in winter as in summer. Field Sparrows primarily eat seeds, but also eats small insects during the summer months. In appropriate habitat, Field Sparrows may be seen on the ground or in low vegetation while foraging for food. Birdwatchers may also listen for this species’ song, a series of whistled notes steadily increasing in pitch and frequency. Field Sparrows are primarily active during the day.
Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.
Spizella pusilla ye una especie d'ave de la familia de los emberízidos. Reproduzse nel oriente d'América del Norte, y les poblaciones norteñas migren nel iviernu al sur de los Estaos Xuníos y a Méxicu.
Ye un gorrión ente 13 y 15 cm de llargor. El so plumaxe ye pardu acoloratáu nes partes dorsales, llistáu con negru, y dos barras clares en cada nala. Na corona acoloratada hai dalgún rayáu más escuru apenes visible de cerca. Les partes ventrales son gris claro, el gargüelu blancuciu, y nos lladrales del pechu puede haber dellos matices acolorataos. Estremar pol so picu rosa brillante y la falta de contraste na cara, que ye casi uniformemente gris; sobresaliendo'l aniellu ocular blancu, una llinia posocular acoloratada, y un esbozu pardu acoloratáu na zona auricular.
En dómina reproductiva, distribuyir en campos semiabiertos con abondoses carbes y en pacionales del sureste de Canadá y l'este de los Estaos Xuníos. Les poblaciones norteñas migren pel hibiernu al sur d'Estaos Xuníos y al nordeste de Méxicu. Les poblaciones sureñes son residentes.
Estes aves busquen alimentu nel suelu o na vexetación baxa, alimentándose principalmente d'inseutos y granes. Pueden formar pequeños grupos fora de la temporada reproductiva, tantu de la so mesma especie como d'otres del xéneru.
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO. Spizella pusilla ye una especie d'ave de la familia de los emberízidos. Reproduzse nel oriente d'América del Norte, y les poblaciones norteñas migren nel iviernu al sur de los Estaos Xuníos y a Méxicu.
Spizella pusilla és una espècie d'ocell de la família dels emberízids. Es reprodueixen en l'orient d'Amèrica del Nord, i les poblacions del nord migren a l'hivern al sud dels Estats Units i a Mèxic.
Spizella pusilla és una espècie d'ocell de la família dels emberízids. Es reprodueixen en l'orient d'Amèrica del Nord, i les poblacions del nord migren a l'hivern al sud dels Estats Units i a Mèxic.
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Bras meysydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: breision meysydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Spizella pusilla; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Field sparrow. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. pusilla, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.
Mae'r bras meysydd yn perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:
Rhestr Wicidata:
rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Bras Brewer Spizella breweri Bras coed Spizella arborea
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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Bras meysydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: breision meysydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Spizella pusilla; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Field sparrow. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. pusilla, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.
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The field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) is a small New World sparrow in the family Passerellidae. It is about 140 mm (6 in) long and weighs about 12.5 g (0.4 oz). The head is grey with a rust-coloured crown, white eye-ring and pink bill. The upper parts are brown streaked with black and buff, the breast is buff, the belly is white and the tail is forked. There are two different colour morphs, one being greyer and the other more rufous.
The field sparrow is distributed across eastern Canada and the eastern United States, with northern populations migrating southwards to southern United States and Mexico in the fall. The typical habitat of this bird is bushy country with shrubs and grassland. The nest is a cup-shaped construction built on the ground and hidden beneath a bush or clump of grass. The birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, feeding mainly on seeds and insects. The population is thought to be in slow decline, but it is a common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Adults have brown upperparts, a buffy breast, a white belly, two whitish wing bars and a dark-brown forked tail. They have a grey face, a rusty crown, a white eye ring and a pink bill. They have rusty markings behind the eye. There are grey and rufous colour variants.[2][3] Males and females have a similar appearance with males being slightly larger than females.[4]
Their breeding habitat is brushy, shrubby fields across eastern North America. The nest is an open cup on the ground under a clump of grass or in a small thicket. They often breed more than once a season, each time they build a new nest, it will building the nest higher and higher off the ground as the season progresses.[5]
These birds are permanent residents in the southern parts of their range. Northern birds migrate to the southern United States and Mexico.
These birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, mainly eating insects and seeds. They may feed in small flocks outside the nesting season.
The male sings from a higher perch, such as a shrub or fencepost, which indicates his ownership of the nesting territory. The song is a series of sad whistles ending in a trill, the sound formed like the accelerating sound of a bouncing ball has the quality coming to rest, usually last long 4 seconds, both are often compared.[5]
This bird's numbers expanded as settlers cleared forests in eastern North America, but may have declined in more recent times. Despite this, it is a common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
Field sparrow in Central Park 
Song Problems playing this file? See media help. The field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) is a small New World sparrow in the family Passerellidae. It is about 140 mm (6 in) long and weighs about 12.5 g (0.4 oz). The head is grey with a rust-coloured crown, white eye-ring and pink bill. The upper parts are brown streaked with black and buff, the breast is buff, the belly is white and the tail is forked. There are two different colour morphs, one being greyer and the other more rufous.
The field sparrow is distributed across eastern Canada and the eastern United States, with northern populations migrating southwards to southern United States and Mexico in the fall. The typical habitat of this bird is bushy country with shrubs and grassland. The nest is a cup-shaped construction built on the ground and hidden beneath a bush or clump of grass. The birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, feeding mainly on seeds and insects. The population is thought to be in slow decline, but it is a common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
El chingolo campestre (Spizella pusilla)[2] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Passerellidae propia de América del Norte. Se reproducen en el oriente de América del Norte, y las poblaciones norteñas migran en el invierno al sur de los Estados Unidos y a México.
Es un gorrión entre 13 y 15 cm de longitud. Su plumaje es pardo rojizo en las partes dorsales, listado con negro, y dos barras claras en cada ala. En la corona rojiza hay algún rayado más oscuro apenas visible de cerca. Las partes ventrales son gris claro, la garganta blancuzca, y en los flancos del pecho puede haber algunos matices rojizos. Se distingue por su pico rosa brillante y la falta de contraste en la cara, que es casi uniformemente gris; sobresaliendo el anillo ocular blanco, una línea posocular rojiza, y un esbozo pardo rojizo en la zona auricular.
En época reproductiva, se distribuyen en campos semiabiertos con abundantes matorrales y en pastizales del sureste de Canadá y el este de los Estados Unidos. Las poblaciones norteñas migran en invierno al sur de Estados Unidos y al noreste de México. Las poblaciones sureñas son residentes.
Estas aves buscan alimento en el suelo o en la vegetación baja, alimentándose principalmente de insectos y semillas. Pueden formar pequeños grupos fuera de la temporada reproductiva, tanto de su misma especie como de otras del género.
El chingolo campestre (Spizella pusilla) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Passerellidae propia de América del Norte. Se reproducen en el oriente de América del Norte, y las poblaciones norteñas migran en el invierno al sur de los Estados Unidos y a México.
Spizella pusilla Spizella generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Emberizidae familian sailkatua dago.
Spizella pusilla Spizella generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Emberizidae familian sailkatua dago.
Spizella pusilla
Le Bruant des champs (Spizella pusilla) est une espèce de passereaux appartenant à la famille des Passerellidae.
De veldgors (Spizella pusilla) is een zangvogel uit de familie Emberizidae (gorzen).
Deze soort telt 2 ondersoorten:
De veldgors (Spizella pusilla) is een zangvogel uit de familie Emberizidae (gorzen).
Åkersparv[2] (Spizella pusilla) är en fågel i familjen amerikanska sparvar inom ordningen tättingar.[3]
Åkersparv förekommer i Nordamerika och behandlas antingen som monotypisk[4] eller delas in i två underarter med följande utbredning:[3]
Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, men tros minska i antal, dock inte tillräckligt kraftigt för att den ska betraktas som hotad.[1] Internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN kategoriserar därför arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör åkersparv.
Wikispecies har information om Spizella pusilla.
Åkersparv (Spizella pusilla) är en fågel i familjen amerikanska sparvar inom ordningen tättingar.
Spizella pusilla là một loài chim trong họ Emberizidae.[1]
Spizella pusilla là một loài chim trong họ Emberizidae.
保全状況評価[1] LEAST CONCERN
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 鳥綱 Aves 目 : スズメ目 Passeriformes 科 : ホオジロ科 Emberizidae 属 : ヒメドリ属 Spizella 種 : ヒメドリ S. pusilla 学名 Spizella pusilla (Wilson, 1810) 和名 ヒメドリ 英名 Field Sparrow ヒメドリ (学名：Spizella pusilla)は、スズメ目ホオジロ科に分類される鳥類の一種。
この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（ポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類）。 
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