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Cliona viridis is 'n sponsspesie in die taksonomiese indeling van die Demospongiae (gewone sponse). Die liggaam van die spons bestaan uit kieselnaalde en sponginevesels en is in staat om baie water op te neem.
Die spons behoort tot die genus Cliona en tot die familie Clionaidae. Die wetenskaplike naam van die spesie is die eerste keer geldig gepubliseer in 1862 deur Schmidt.
Cliona viridis is 'n sponsspesie in die taksonomiese indeling van die Demospongiae (gewone sponse). Die liggaam van die spons bestaan uit kieselnaalde en sponginevesels en is in staat om baie water op te neem.
Die spons behoort tot die genus Cliona en tot die familie Clionaidae. Die wetenskaplike naam van die spesie is die eerste keer geldig gepubliseer in 1862 deur Schmidt.
Cliona viridis, commonly called the green boring sponge, is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae. Its form varies according to the nature of the surface on which it grows. In limestone and other calcareous substrates it excavates channels and chambers while on other types of rock it encrusts the surface or forms massive structures. It is native to the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
Cliona viridis is an excavating sponge and on calcareous substrates, the mass of the sponge is largely unseen beneath the surface with just the osculi (exhalent openings) and ostioles (inhalent pores) projecting. The osculi are a few millimetres wide and are yellowish-green or light brown with pale rims. The ostioles are grouped together on flat-topped, sieve-like protuberances which may be white, yellow or brownish-green. The colour is due to the zooxanthellae which are present in the tissues.[2] The exterior appearance of this sponge in its later growth stages is a smooth mosaic-like surface composed of a firm, tough material. Beneath this surface are galleries excavated by the sponge which are up to 2.5 mm (0.1 in) in diameter. The whole sponge may be a globose structure some 15 cm (6 in) in diameter.[3]
Cliona viridis is found in the East Atlantic, the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. It has also been reported from the Caribbean Sea but this may have been a misidentification.[2] It is found in shallow water and at depths down to about 367 metres (1,204 ft), in well-lit areas and in semi-dark cave entrances.[1] Cliona viridis is a common sponge and is the dominant species of sponge in the shallow sublittoral zone in some parts of its range. It is less frequently found in deeper water and there it largely grows on coralline algae.[4]
In the first stage of growth, Cliona viridis needs a calcified substrate on which to grow and into which it can bore. This can be limestone or a mollusc shell such as that of the edible oyster (Ostrea edulis).[5] In its encrusting and massive stages it can grow over silicaceous rocks into which it is unable to bore. Although the tissues normally contain zooxanthellae, a photosynthetic symbiont, the sponge is not reliant on this and can grow in total darkness.[5]
Like other sponges, Cliona viridis maintains a current of water through its structure. It draws water in through its ostioles and filters out food particles such as bacteria and other micro-organisms. During the passage of the water through the sponge, oxygen diffuses into the tissues and waste products diffuse out. The water is then expelled through the osculi.[6]
Cliona viridis is oviparous, that is to say the eggs are fertilised internally, sperm being drawn into the interior of the sponge with the incoming water flow. The eggs are then ejected into the water column via the outgoing water stream. There is some degree of synchronisation of the reproductive process as a larval bloom was observed to take place in June during a study undertaken in the Mediterranean. The larvae are planktonic and have limited dispersal ability. When they settle on the seabed they develop into juvenile sponges in about two weeks. Zooxanthellae are already present at metamorphosis, having probably been transmitted during maturation of the oocytes.[7]
Cliona viridis, commonly called the green boring sponge, is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae. Its form varies according to the nature of the surface on which it grows. In limestone and other calcareous substrates it excavates channels and chambers while on other types of rock it encrusts the surface or forms massive structures. It is native to the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
La Clione verte (Cliona viridis) est une espèce de spongiaire de la famille des Clionaidés.
Cliona viridis adalah spesies spons yang tergolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Cliona dan famili Clionaidae. Nama ilmiah spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1862 oleh Schmidt.
Seperti spons pada umumnya, spesies ini memiliki tubuh yang berpori dan permukaan yang keras seperti batu. Selain itu, Cliona viridis juga dapat menyerap oksigen dari air melalui proses difusi.
Cliona viridis adalah spesies spons yang tergolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Cliona dan famili Clionaidae. Nama ilmiah spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1862 oleh Schmidt.
Seperti spons pada umumnya, spesies ini memiliki tubuh yang berpori dan permukaan yang keras seperti batu. Selain itu, Cliona viridis juga dapat menyerap oksigen dari air melalui proses difusi.
Cliona viridis is een sponssoort in de taxonomische indeling van de gewone sponzen (Demospongiae). Het lichaam van de spons bestaat uit kiezelnaalden en sponginevezels, en is in staat om veel water op te nemen.
De spons behoort tot het geslacht Cliona en behoort tot de familie Clionaidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1862 door Schmidt.
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