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Els esciürinis (Sciurini) són una tribu d'esciúrids. Aquest grup reuneix tots els esciúrids arborícoles que tenen el cos esvelt i la cua aproximadament igual de llarga que el cos. Els representants d'aquesta tribu es troben arreu de l'hemisferi nord i Sud-amèrica (tret de l'extrem meridional d'aquest continent). Habiten boscos de tota classe, des dels boscos boreals fins a les selves tropicals. S'alimenten de llavors, fruita, brots i alguns animals.
Els esciürinis (Sciurini) són una tribu d'esciúrids. Aquest grup reuneix tots els esciúrids arborícoles que tenen el cos esvelt i la cua aproximadament igual de llarga que el cos. Els representants d'aquesta tribu es troben arreu de l'hemisferi nord i Sud-amèrica (tret de l'extrem meridional d'aquest continent). Habiten boscos de tota classe, des dels boscos boreals fins a les selves tropicals. S'alimenten de llavors, fruita, brots i alguns animals.
Die Baumhörnchen sind im weiteren Sinne alle Hörnchen, die ein baumbewohnendes Leben führen. Im engeren Sinne wird als Baumhörnchen die Tribus Sciurini bezeichnet, zu der unter anderem die Eichhörnchen und eine Reihe wenig bekannter Gattungen zählen. Zusammen mit der Tribus der Gleithörnchen (Pteromyini) bilden sie die Unterfamilie der Baum- und Gleithörnchen (Sciurinae).
Man zählt fünf Gattungen mit rund 35 Arten zu den Baumhörnchen, von denen allein 29 zur Gattung der Eichhörnchen gehören:
Das Neuweltliche Kleinsthörnchen, das in älteren Systematiken ebenfalls zu den Baumhörnchen gerechnet wurde, ist nach jüngeren molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen nicht mit diesen verwandt, sondern wird in einer eigenen Unterfamilie, Sciurillinae, geführt. Die Eichhörnchen dürften ein paraphyletisches Taxon im Hinblick auf Microsciurus, vielleicht auch auf weitere Gattungen sein.
Baumhörnchen sind ein sehr altes Taxon, das seit dem Oligozän mit der (paraphyletischen) Gattung Protosciurus aus Nordamerika belegt ist. Aus dem Miozän sind bereits auch eurasische Vertreter bekannt (Freudenthalia, Plesiosciurus). Heute hat die Tribus ihren absoluten Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in Mittel- und Südamerika.
Die Baumhörnchen sind im weiteren Sinne alle Hörnchen, die ein baumbewohnendes Leben führen. Im engeren Sinne wird als Baumhörnchen die Tribus Sciurini bezeichnet, zu der unter anderem die Eichhörnchen und eine Reihe wenig bekannter Gattungen zählen. Zusammen mit der Tribus der Gleithörnchen (Pteromyini) bilden sie die Unterfamilie der Baum- und Gleithörnchen (Sciurinae).
Man zählt fünf Gattungen mit rund 35 Arten zu den Baumhörnchen, von denen allein 29 zur Gattung der Eichhörnchen gehören:
Eichhörnchen (Sciurus) Mittelamerikanisches Berghörnchen (Syntheosciurus) Neuweltliche Zwerghörnchen (Microsciurus) Borneo-Hörnchen (Rheithrosciurus) Rothörnchen (Tamiasciurus)Das Neuweltliche Kleinsthörnchen, das in älteren Systematiken ebenfalls zu den Baumhörnchen gerechnet wurde, ist nach jüngeren molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen nicht mit diesen verwandt, sondern wird in einer eigenen Unterfamilie, Sciurillinae, geführt. Die Eichhörnchen dürften ein paraphyletisches Taxon im Hinblick auf Microsciurus, vielleicht auch auf weitere Gattungen sein.
Baumhörnchen sind ein sehr altes Taxon, das seit dem Oligozän mit der (paraphyletischen) Gattung Protosciurus aus Nordamerika belegt ist. Aus dem Miozän sind bereits auch eurasische Vertreter bekannt (Freudenthalia, Plesiosciurus). Heute hat die Tribus ihren absoluten Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in Mittel- und Südamerika.
De echte beamiikhoarntsjes (Latynske namme: Sciurini) foarmje in tûke fan 'e klasse fan 'e sûchdieren (Mammalia), it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), it ûnderskift fan 'e iikhoarntsjes en sliepmûzen (Sciuromorpha), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae) en de ûnderfamylje fan 'e echte iikhoarntsjes (Sciurinae). Ta dizze tûke hearre 39 soarten ferdield oer fiif skaaien, wêrfan't trije yn 'e Nije Wrâld foarkomme en ien yn Jeraazje, wylst it fyfde, monotypyske skaai inkeld op it Súdeastaziatyske eilân Borneo libbet.
De echte beamiikhoarntsjes (Latynske namme: Sciurini) foarmje in tûke fan 'e klasse fan 'e sûchdieren (Mammalia), it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), it ûnderskift fan 'e iikhoarntsjes en sliepmûzen (Sciuromorpha), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae) en de ûnderfamylje fan 'e echte iikhoarntsjes (Sciurinae). Ta dizze tûke hearre 39 soarten ferdield oer fiif skaaien, wêrfan't trije yn 'e Nije Wrâld foarkomme en ien yn Jeraazje, wylst it fyfde, monotypyske skaai inkeld op it Súdeastaziatyske eilân Borneo libbet.
Tekst üüb Öömrang Sciurini san sköölen faan gnaudiarten (Rodentia), diar üüb buumer lewe. Jo like aaltumaal at buumkaat. At jaft fiiw sköölen mä 35 slacher. A miasten hiar tu det skööl Sciurus.
Sciurini yaiku suku sing kalebu upakara patang puluh spesies bajing,[2] biasane saka Amérika. Kasedhiya limang generasi kang urip yaiku bajing dwarf Amerika, Microsciurus ; Rheithrosciurus ing Bornean; umuran wit squirrel Amérika lan Eurasian saka genus Sciurus, sing kalebu sawatara spesies bajing sing paling misuwur; Syntheosciurus Amérika Tengah; lan bajing pinus Amérika, Tamiasciurus . Kaya bajing arboreal liyane, padha asring diarani bajing wit .[3]
Sciurini yaiku suku sing kalebu upakara patang puluh spesies bajing, biasane saka Amérika. Kasedhiya limang generasi kang urip yaiku bajing dwarf Amerika, Microsciurus ; Rheithrosciurus ing Bornean; umuran wit squirrel Amérika lan Eurasian saka genus Sciurus, sing kalebu sawatara spesies bajing sing paling misuwur; Syntheosciurus Amérika Tengah; lan bajing pinus Amérika, Tamiasciurus . Kaya bajing arboreal liyane, padha asring diarani bajing wit .
Sciurini san sköölen faan gnaudiarten (Rodentia), diar üüb buumer lewe. Jo like aaltumaal at buumkaat. At jaft fiiw sköölen mä 35 slacher. A miasten hiar tu det skööl Sciurus.
Sciurini (/sɪˈjuːrɪniː/) is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels,[2] mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, Microsciurus; the Bornean Rheithrosciurus; the widespread American and Eurasian tree squirrels of the genus Sciurus, which includes some of the best known squirrel species; the Central American Syntheosciurus; and the American pine squirrels, Tamiasciurus. Like other arboreal squirrels, they are sometimes referred to as tree squirrels.[3]
The name "Sciurini" was first employed by Hermann Burmeister in 1854, who used it for the entire squirrel family.[4] In his influential 1945 classification of mammals, George Gaylord Simpson included four genera of squirrels in Sciurini, which he recognized as one of eight tribes within the subfamily Sciurinae (including all squirrels except the flying squirrels): Sciurus, Syntheosciurus, Microsciurus, and Sciurillus. He also classified Rheithrosciurus as "?Sciurini incertae sedis" (of uncertain placement).[5] This grouping derives from Reginald Innes Pocock, who united these squirrels in 1923 as the subfamily Sciurinae.[6]
In 1959, Joseph Curtis Moore published a review of the interrelationships of the squirrels. His definition of Sciurini was similar to Simpson's, but he no longer considered Rheithrosciurus to be incertae sedis. He noted that the members of Sciurini were united only by the possession of a special type of baculum (penis bone).[7] He also divided the tribe into subtribes, producing the following classification:[8]
In their 1997 update to Simpson's classification, McKenna and Bell retained a similar definition for Sciurini, but also included several extinct genera, as follows:[10]
In the early 2000s, several studies were published using DNA sequences to study the interrelationships of squirrels. Two, published in 2003 and 2004 and both based on several different genes, produced largely concordant results, concluding that Sciurillus is not related to other Sciurini, but rather forms one of the most distinctive lineages of all squirrels; that Tamiasciurus is the closest relative to the other Sciurini; and that the group of Tamiasciurus and the other Sciurini is most closely related to the flying squirrels.[12] The authors of the 2004 study formalized these results into a revised classification of squirrels. They removed Sciurillus from Sciurini, placed Tamiasciurus in it, and classified Sciurini with the flying squirrels (tribe Pteromyini) in a subfamily Sciurinae.[13] Their classification was adopted in the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World[2] and remains current.
The same studies also provided insights into the interrelationships of genera within Sciurini. Microsciurus, Syntheosciurus, and Rheithrosciurus all appear among the various species of Sciurus included, making the latter genus paraphyletic; additionally, the two species of Microsciurus included in Mercer and Roth's 2003 study did not cluster with each other.[12] A morphological study of Central American Sciurini also found that Microsciurus and Syntheosciurus are part of the Sciurus radiation, and suggested that Syntheosciurus be lumped into Sciurus while further work is needed on Microsciurus.[14] In a 2008 monograph on Brazilian rodents, Bonvicino and others considered Guerlinguetus and Urosciurus, conventionally placed in Sciurus, as separate genera.[15]
Douglassciurus, a fossil from the late Eocene (about 36 million years ago) of Wyoming, Montana, and Saskatchewan, is so similar to living Sciurus that the latter has been considered a living fossil.[16] but some exclude this animal from the squirrel family because of several primitive characters.[17] Emry and Korth, who re-described the animal in 1996, classified it within Sciurini[1] and speculated that other squirrels may have evolved from animals similar to Sciurini squirrels.[18] The Oligocene to early Miocene North American genera Protosciurus and Miosciurus are classified in Sciurini and may have given rise to the earliest known member of Sciurus, S. olsoni from the early late Miocene (about 10 million years ago) of Nevada. In Europe, Sciurus first appears early in the Pliocene. The 2005 discovery of S. olsoni provided evidence that the origin of the Sciurini lies in North America.[19]
A Miocene squirrel from France and Spain, Freudenthalia, has been tentatively placed in Sciurini.[20] Plesiosciurus from the Miocene of China has been interpreted as a member of Sciurini, but is unlikely to belong to the tribe.[21]
Sciurini (/sɪˈjuːrɪniː/) is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels, mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, Microsciurus; the Bornean Rheithrosciurus; the widespread American and Eurasian tree squirrels of the genus Sciurus, which includes some of the best known squirrel species; the Central American Syntheosciurus; and the American pine squirrels, Tamiasciurus. Like other arboreal squirrels, they are sometimes referred to as tree squirrels.
Los esciurinos (Sciurini) son una tribu de roedores esciuromorfos de la subfamilia Sciurinae. A pesar de existir casos de especies arborícolas en otras tribus y subfamilias de ardillas, las ardillas de esta tribu, y especialmente las del género Sciurus son llamadas ardillas arborícolas. Son parientes cercanos de las ardillas voladoras (tribu Pteromyini).
Pertenecen a esta tribu la mayoría de las especies de ardillas con la cola tupida que puedan ser encontradas en Norteamérica, Sudamérica, Europa, y las zonas templadas de Asia. Usualmente pasan poco tiempo en el suelo, prefiriendo vivir en las copas de los bosques.
Los esciurinos (Sciurini) son una tribu de roedores esciuromorfos de la subfamilia Sciurinae. A pesar de existir casos de especies arborícolas en otras tribus y subfamilias de ardillas, las ardillas de esta tribu, y especialmente las del género Sciurus son llamadas ardillas arborícolas. Son parientes cercanos de las ardillas voladoras (tribu Pteromyini).
Pertenecen a esta tribu la mayoría de las especies de ardillas con la cola tupida que puedan ser encontradas en Norteamérica, Sudamérica, Europa, y las zonas templadas de Asia. Usualmente pasan poco tiempo en el suelo, prefiriendo vivir en las copas de los bosques.
Les écureuils arboricoles forment la tribu des Sciurini.
Selon MSW :
Les écureuils arboricoles forment la tribu des Sciurini.
Gli Sciurini Fischer de Waldheim, 1817, noti comunemente come scoiattoli arboricoli, sono una delle due tribù in cui viene suddivisa la sottofamiglia degli Sciurini (Sciurinae). In essa vengono riuniti tutti gli Sciuridi arboricoli dalla corporatura slanciata e con la coda lunga pressappoco quanto il corpo.
Il muso è corto e appuntito, e la fronte ampia; le vibrisse, lunghe e simili a mustacchi, sono disposte in cinque serie longitudinali. Le orecchie sono piuttosto lunghe e talvolta ornate da ciuffetti di peli; la coda, dalla radice all'estremità, è rivestita da folti peli, che la fanno sovente apparire simile a un pennacchio. Il pollice è rudimentale e munito per lo più di un'unghia piatta; il quarto dito anteriore e quello posteriore sono i più sviluppati. Il cranio, osservato dall'alto, ha forma ellittica, mentre di profilo appare fortemente arcuato, con ossa nasali diritte; mencano le tasche guanciali. Gli incisivi sono molto compressi sui lati; il primo molare superiore è piccolissimo oppure mancante.
I rappresentanti di questa tribù sono diffusi in tutto l'emisfero boreale e in Sudamerica, a eccezione delle regioni meridionali.
Occupano le foreste di ogni genere, da quelle boreali a quelle pluviali tropicali.
Gli Sciurini sono animali dotati di una spiccatissima abilità nell'arrampicarsi e nel compiere balzi, e vivono in prevalenza sugli alberi, sui quali edificano i propri nidi rotondi. Le robuste zampe posteriori, più lunghe di quelle anteriori, permettono loro di muoversi con la stessa agilità e sveltezza sia mentre salgono e scendono lungo i tronchi degli alberi, sia quando corrono a terra, sia, infine, mentre saltano da un albero all'altro. Mangiano semi, frutti, germogli e cibo di natura animale, e spesso tengono il cibo stretto con le mani mentre siedono sulle zampe posteriori. Sebbene non cadano in un vero e proprio letargo, nella stagione fredda diventano pigri e sonnacchiosi, e spesso non abbandonano il nido per un periodo di parecchi giorni.
La tribù comprende 5 generi, e di questi lo Sciurus, con 28 specie, è senza dubbio il gruppo più vario dell'intera famiglia. Tale genere è rappresentato in Europa da una sola specie: lo scoiattolo rosso eurasiatico (Sciurus vulgaris)[1]:
Gli Sciurini Fischer de Waldheim, 1817, noti comunemente come scoiattoli arboricoli, sono una delle due tribù in cui viene suddivisa la sottofamiglia degli Sciurini (Sciurinae). In essa vengono riuniti tutti gli Sciuridi arboricoli dalla corporatura slanciata e con la coda lunga pressappoco quanto il corpo.
Koku vāveres, koku vāveru cilts (Sciurini) pieder vāveru dzimtas (Sciuridae) parastās koku vāveres apakšdzimtai (Sciurinae). Šajā apakšdzimtā ir vēl viena cilts — lidvāveres (Pteromyini). Koku vāveru cilts apvieno lielāko daļu plaši pazīstamās vāveres, ciltī ir 37 sugas, kas iedalās 5 ģintīs.[1] Tās dzīvo Ziemeļamerikā, Eiropā, Āzijas mērenajā joslā un Dienvidamerikā. Latvijā sastopamas divas koku vāveru cilts sugas: parastā vāvere (Sciurus vulgaris) un lidvāvere (Pteromys volans).[2]
Koku vāveres lielāko daļu dzīves pavada kokos, uz zemes uzturoties īsu brīdi. Tās ir ļoti atkarīgas no kokiem, īpaši ozoliem. Tās iekārto ligzdu koku dobumos vai vij ligzdu zaros no lapām, kokos tās atrod barību, kokos tās glābjas no daudziem ienaidniekiem. Ja vāvere ir nokāpusi lejā uz zemes, tā cenšas uzturēties koku tuvumā, lai briesmu gadījumā varētu uzreiz uzrāpties kokā.[3] Vāveres ir labi piemērojušās dzīvei kaimiņos cilvēkam, tās labprāt iekārtojas cilvēku veidotos būros vai vij ligzdas ēku konstrukciju nišās.[4]
Koku vāveres diēta ir atkarīga no sezonas un tā, ko dabā var atrast. Tās ēd dažādus augus, riekstus, sēklas, augļus, ziedus, pumpurus, sēnes, saknes, lapas, ogas,[3] bet vāveres ēd arī putnu olas, mazos putnēnus un reizēm nomedī to vecākus,[4] kā arī tās neatsakās no kukaiņiem. Daudzām koku vāverēm mazuļi dzimst divas reizes gadā, bet ir sugas, kurām dzimst tikai vienu reizi gadā. Mazuļi piedzimst nevarīgi, kaili un akli. Ligzdā tie uzturas līdz 8 nedēļu vecumam.[4]
Koku vāveres, koku vāveru cilts (Sciurini) pieder vāveru dzimtas (Sciuridae) parastās koku vāveres apakšdzimtai (Sciurinae). Šajā apakšdzimtā ir vēl viena cilts — lidvāveres (Pteromyini). Koku vāveru cilts apvieno lielāko daļu plaši pazīstamās vāveres, ciltī ir 37 sugas, kas iedalās 5 ģintīs. Tās dzīvo Ziemeļamerikā, Eiropā, Āzijas mērenajā joslā un Dienvidamerikā. Latvijā sastopamas divas koku vāveru cilts sugas: parastā vāvere (Sciurus vulgaris) un lidvāvere (Pteromys volans).
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Wiewiórki[2][a], wiewiórki drzewne[3] (Sciurini) – plemię ssaków z podrodziny wiewiórek (Sciurinae) w rodzinie wiewiórkowatych (Sciuridae).
Plemię obejmuje gatunki występujące w Eurazji i Ameryce[4][2].
Do plemienia należą następujące rodzaje[2][4]:
Wiewiórki, wiewiórki drzewne (Sciurini) – plemię ssaków z podrodziny wiewiórek (Sciurinae) w rodzinie wiewiórkowatych (Sciuridae).
Sciurini là một tông trong Họ Sóc
Cách phân loại cũ
Các phân loại mới (từ năm 2007)
Sciuridae
Sciurini là một tông trong Họ Sóc
樹松鼠在分類學上為松鼠族（Sciurini），是一類生活於北美洲、歐洲、溫帶亞洲、南美洲的松鼠，是飛鼠近親。
청서족(Sciurini)은 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류 분류군이다. 아메리카 대륙에서 주로 발견되며, 5개 속에 약 40여 종을 포함하고 있다.
다음은 2003년 머서(Mercer)와 로스(Roth), 2004년 스테판(Steppan) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[1]
다람쥐과 청서아과 청서족_in_Boston_Public_Garden_September_2010.jpg)
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